I-insulin yi-hormone yamaprotheni ekhiqizwa ama-pancreas. Inethonya elikhulu ezinqubweni ze-metabolic cishe kuwo wonke izicubu zomzimba. Omunye wemisebenzi yawo eyinhloko ukulawula izinga le-glucose egazini.
Ngenxa ye-insulin, inqubo yokuthathwa koshukela ngamaseli wamafutha nomsipha iyasheshiswa, ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana amasha eglucose esibindini kuvinjelwe. Kwakha indawo yokugcina i-glycogen - uhlobo kashukela - emangqamuzaneni, kunomthelela ekongeni nasekuqongeleleni eminye imithombo yamandla, njengamafutha, amaprotheni. Ngenxa ye-insulin, ukuwohloka kwazo nokusetshenziswa kwazo kuvinjelwe.
Esimweni lapho umsebenzi we-pancreatic ungakhubazeki futhi i-gland ihlelekile, kukhiqiza njalo inani le-insulin ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwesitho somzimba wonke. Ngemuva kokudla, umthamo we-insulin uyakhuphuka, lokhu kuyadingeka ekusetshenzisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu yamaprotheni angenayo, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate.
Ngokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okunganele, thayipha i-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela. Kulesi sifo, amangqamuzana e-pancreatic beta akhiqiza i-insulin ayabhujiswa. Umzimba awukwazi ukuhlanganisa ukudla okungenayo.
Ukuze kuhlale kusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba, isiguli esinjalo sikhishwa “nge-insulin” ngaphambi kokudla. Inani okufanele libhekane nokucutshungulwa kwekhwalithi kokudla okungenayo. Phakathi kokudla, i-insulin nayo iyabhalwa. Inhloso yalawa majekiseni ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba phakathi kokudla.
Esimweni lapho i-insulin emzimbeni ikhiqizwa ngamanani afanele, kepha ikhwalithi yayo iyaphazamiseka, isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili siyenzeka. Ngale hlobo lwesifo, ikhwalithi ye-insulin incishisiwe, futhi ayinakuba nomphumela ofiselekile kumaseli womzimba. Eqinisweni, akunangqondo ku-insulin enjalo. Akakwazi ukucubungula ushukela egazini. Ngale hlobo, izidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukunxenxa i-insulin ukuthi isebenze.
Izinga le-insulin yegazi lilijwayelekile
Insulin Okujwayelekile kwabesifazane ngeminyaka (ithebula)
Izinga le-insulin ejwayelekile yegazi kumadoda nabesifazane licishe lifane, kunomehluko omncane ezimweni ezithile.
Kwezinye izikhathi lapho okuqukethwe ushukela emzimbeni kuphakama, amanyikwe aqala ukukhiqiza i-insulin ngenkuthalo. Izikhathi ezinjalo emzimbeni wesifazane onempilo zenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthomba, ukukhulelwa nokuguga.
Zonke lezi zimo zibonakaliswa kahle kumatafula angezansi:
| Abesifazane kusuka eminyakeni engama-25 kuye kwengama-50 | Owesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa | Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu |
| 3 kuye ku-25 mced / l | 6 kuya ku-27 mced / l | 6 kuya ku-35 mced / l |
Imvamisa ye-insulin egazini lowesifazane iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, ikhuphuka kakhulu.
Imvamisa ye-insulin egazini emadodeni
Emadodeni, kanye nakwabesifazane, okuqukethwe kwe-insulin emzimbeni kuyahlukahluka ngokweminyaka.
| Amadoda kusuka eminyakeni engama-25 kuye kwengama-50 | Amadoda angama-60 nangaphezulu |
| 3 kuye ku-25 mced / l | 6 kuya ku-35 mced / l |
Ekwaluphaleni, kudingeka amandla ongeziwe, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwamashumi ayisithupha emadodeni, njengakwabesifazane, umthamo we-insulin okhiqizwayo uba mkhulu futhi ufinyelela kuma-35 mced / l.
I-insulin yegazi. Okujwayelekile ezinganeni nasentsheni
Izingane nentsha zakha isigaba esikhethekile. Izingane azidingi mandla angezekile, ngakho-ke ukukhiqizwa kwale-hormone kuncishiswa kancane. Kepha ngesikhathi sokuthomba, isithombe sishintsha kakhulu. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokuhlinzwa okujwayelekile kwama-hormonal, amazinga e-insulin egazini kwintsha ayanda.
| Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-14 | Intsha nentsha eneminyaka engama-14 kuye kwengama-25 |
| 3 kuye ku-20 mced / l | 6 kuya ku-25 mced / l |
Lapho amazinga e-insulin eshintshashintsha ngaphezu kwezinombolo ezikhonjisiwe, lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu uphilile. Esimweni lapho i-hormone ngaphezulu kwezinkomba ezikhonjisiwe, izifo zepheshana lokuphefumula eliphezulu nezinye izitho zingakhula ngokuhamba kweminyaka, lezi zinqubo zingaphenduki.
I-insulin yi-hormone enomlingiswa. Izinto eziningi zingaba nomthelela ezingeni lakhe - izingcindezi, ukweqisa emzimbeni, isifo se-pancreatic, kepha imvamisa imbandezelo ibangelwa isifo sikashukela somuntu.
Izimpawu ezithi kunokwanda kwe-insulin - ukulunywa, umlomo owomile, amanxeba okuphulukisa amade, ukwanda kokudla, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ukuthambekela kokwehla kwesisindo.
Isimo lapho i-insulin ingaphansi kokujwayelekile kukhombisa ukuthi umzimba uthatha isikhathi eside noma umuntu unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Izifo ze-pancreatic akufanele futhi zikhishwe ngaphandle. Imvamisa kulezi zimpawu ezingenhla zengezwa i-pallor, palpitations, failing, irritability, ukujuluka.
Ungalithola kanjani izinga le-insulin?
Ukuhlaziywa kuyadingeka ukuthola okuqukethwe kwe-insulin. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zokuhlaziya - ngemuva kokulayisha ushukela kanye nesisu esingenalutho. Ukuze uthole isifo sikashukela, udinga ukwenza zombili lezi zivivinyo. Ucwaningo olunjalo lungenziwa kuphela emtholampilo.
Izinga le-insulin egazini labesifazane nabesilisa esiswini esingenalutho
Lokhu kuhlaziya kwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho ekuseni, ukuze imiphumela ikhombise ngokusobala iqiniso, kunconywa ukuthi ungadli okungenani amahora ayi-12 ngaphambi kokuthatha isampula yegazi. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlaziywa kunqunyelwe ekuseni, okukuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele kahle umnikelo wegazi.
Ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlaziywa, konke ukudla okunamafutha, amaswidi kukhishwa kwimenyu yesiguli, utshwala kufanele futhi bungavinjelwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imiphumela etholakele ingahle ihambisane neqiniso, elizophikisana nenqubo yokuxilongwa okulungile.
Ngaphezu kokulungiswa kumenyu, kuyadingeka ukuhola indlela yokuphila ethe xaxa yokuhlaziya - yeka ezemidlalo ezisebenzayo, ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba, zama ukugwema ukukhathazeka ngokomzwelo. Ukuyeka ukubhema ngosuku ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa ngeke kube okuphezulu.
Ngemuva kokulala, ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi ukuze lihlaziywe, awukwazi ukudla noma ukuphuza noma yini ngaphandle kwamanzi ahlanzekile nokho. Igazi lithathwa emunweni, ezimweni ezingavamile, kuthathwa igazi le-venous, nasesiswini esingenalutho.
Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwegazi, odokotela bavame ukunquma ukuhlolwa kwe-pancreas, okusiza ukuthola izizathu zokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okungafanele.
Imiphumela ingaba ngaphansi kunethebula elingenhla. Ngakho-ke inkomba ejwayelekile yomuntu omdala izoba ngamapharamitha ukusuka ku-1.9 kuya ku-23 mked / l. ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14, le nkomba ingahluka kusuka ku-2 iye ku-20 mcd / l. kwabesifazane abasezikhundleni, le nkomba izolingana kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-27 mked / l.
Umthwalo we-glucose we-insulin
Ukuqonda ukuthi umzimba uyakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin ngokushesha kangakanani futhi kungakanani, kuhlolwa kanjani ukuthola le hormone ngemuva komthwalo we-insulin. Ukulungiselela le ndlela yokuxilongwa kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nasecaleni elidlule. Awukwazi ukudla okungenani amahora angama-8, ukubhema, utshwala nokuzivocavoca umzimba kufanele kushiywe.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi, awukwazi ukwenza isenzo esisebenzayo somzimba, ukubhema. Ngemuva kwamahora amabili, kuthathwa igazi ukuze lihlaziywe, kulinganiswe izinga le-insulin.
Lapho kwenziwa isampula, isiguli siyadingeka ukuthi sihlale sizolile, ngaphandle kwalokho umphumela ungangalungile.
Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa okunjalo, lezi zinhlaka ezilandelayo zizoba yizinkomba ezijwayelekile: kumuntu omdala, izinombolo ezisukela ku-13 kuye ku-15 mced / l, kowesifazane ophethe ingane, izinombolo ezisuka ku-16 kuye ku-17 mced / l zizoba yinkomba ejwayelekile, ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-14 ubudala, amanani asuka ku-10 azoba ejwayelekile kufika ku-11 mced / l.
Kwezinye izimo, kungahle kufaneleke ukwenza ukuhlaziya okuphindwe kabili ukuze kutholakale okuqukethwe kwe-insulin ku-plasma yomuntu. Ukuhlaziywa kokuqala kwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho ekuseni, emva kwalokho isiguli sinikezwa ushukela ukuze siphuze futhi ngemuva kwamahora amabili isampula yegazi iphindwa. Ukuhlaziywa okuhlangene kuzonikeza isithombe esandisiwe semiphumela ye-insulin.
Izinga le-insulin liguquka kanjani ngemuva kokudla
Ngemuva kokudla, amaprotheni, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate angena emzimbeni, amanyikwe aqala ukukhiqiza ngenkuthalo i-hormone yokuqunjelwa okufanele kwakho konke lokhu kwehluka. Okusho ukuthi, umthamo we-insulin unyuka kakhulu, yingakho kungenakwenzeka ukuthola kahle isilinganiso se-insulin emzimbeni womuntu ngemuva kokudla. Njengoba ukudla kudingidwa, okuqukethwe yi-insulin kubuyela kokujwayelekile.
Izinga le-insulin ngemuva kokudla lenyuka ngo-50-75% wezinga elijwayelekile, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi izinga le-glucose egazini nalo liyakhuphuka. Ngemuva kokudla ngemuva kwamahora amabili nesigamu, isilinganiso sama-insulin amathathu kufanele sibuyele kokujwayelekile.
Ungakugcina kanjani okujwayelekile
Kubantu ababhekene nezinkinga ngokukhiqizwa okufanele kwe-insulin, ukudla okuncane kuma-carbohydrate kufanelekile. Ukugcina i-glucose ejwayelekile, futhi ngenxa yalokho i-insulin, kunzima, kodwa kungenzeka.
Kufanele ulahle i-khekhe ngesinamoni futhi ugxile emifino, okusanhlamvu, amakhompiyutha, itiye. Inani lamnandi kufanele lilawulwe ngokucacile futhi kuzoba okulungile kakhulu ukulibuyisela ngezithelo ezingenakuthunyelwa nezithelo ezomisiwe. Ukusuka kwenyama kungcono ukukhetha inyama yenkomo nenye inyama ebusayo.
