Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esingamahlalakhona esenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka komzimba emzimbeni. Lesi sifo singathinta noma yimuphi umhlali weplanethi yethu, kungakhathalekile ubulili nobudala. Njalo ngonyaka inani leziguli ezinesifo sikashukela liyaqhubeka landa.
Esikhubeni sikashukela, amanyikwe asabalalisa imfihlo i-insulin. Ukwehlisa ushukela futhi uzinze isimo, amalungiselelo e-insulin, ngokwesibonelo, ama-actrapid, esizokhuluma ngawo namhlanje, angeniswa emzimbeni wesiguli.
Ngaphandle kokujova njalo kwe-insulin, ushukela awugwenywa kahle, kubangela ukuphazamiseka okuhleliwe kuzo zonke izitho zomzimba womuntu. Ukuze i-Actrapid NM isebenze kahle, kuyadingeka ukulandela imithetho yokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa futhi ihlole njalo izinga le-glucose egazini.
Ngokuya ngemiyalo esetshenziswayo, i-Actrapid isetshenziselwa ukwelapha:
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 (iziguli zincike ekudleni okungapheli kwe-insulin emzimbeni);
- Uhlobo 2 sikashukela (ukumelana ne-insulin. Iziguli ezinalolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela zivame ukusebenzisa amaphilisi, noma kunjalo, ngokwanda kwesifo sikashukela, izidakamizwa ezinjalo ziyeka ukusebenza, imijovo ye-insulin isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ushukela ezimeni ezinjalo).
Bancoma i-insulapid insulin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuqunjelwa, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezihambisana nesifo sikashukela. Umuthi une-analogues ephumelelayo, isibonelo, i-Actrapid MS, i-Iletin ejwayelekile, iBetasint nabanye. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ukushintshwa kwama-analogues kwenziwa kuphela esibhedlela ngaphansi kokuhlolwa udokotela nokubhekwa njalo koshukela wegazi.
Isingeniso Sezindlela
Ukuphathwa kokusebenzisa umuthi, ukufakwa emzimbeni, nokuthinta emzimbeni. Ngokuphathwa kwe-subcutaneous, iziguli ziyelulekwa ukuba zikhethe ithanga lendawo yokujova, kulapho umuthi uxazulula khona kancane futhi ngokulinganayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amabhuthi, izithonga ezingaphambili nodonga lwangaphandle lwesibeletho sendawo yokujova (lapho kufakwa esiswini, umphumela womuthi uqala ngokushesha). Musa ukujova endaweni eyodwa ngaphezulu kanye ngenyanga, umuthi ungavusa i-lipodystrophy.
Iqoqo lomuthi esitokisini se-insulin:
- Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo, izandla kufanele zigezwe futhi zibulawe amagciwane;
- I-insulin igoqa kalula phakathi kwezandla (umuthi kumele uhlolwe ukuze udle kanye nokufakwa ngaphakathi, kanye nosuku lokuphelelwa);
- Umoya udonswa kwisirinji, kufakwa inaliti ku-ampoule, kuphuma umoya;
- Inani elifanele lomuthi lidonswa kwisirinji;
- Umoya omningi ovela kusirinji ususwa ngokuthepha.
Uma kudingekile ukufaka i-insulin emfishane isikhathi eside, kwenziwa i-algorithm elandelayo:
- Umoya wethulwa kuwo womabili ama-ampoules (omabili amafushane namade);
- Okokuqala, i-insulin ebamba amafushane idonswa kwisirinji, bese ifakwa umuthi wesikhathi eside;
- Umoya ususwa ngokuthepha.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuncane akanconyelwa ukwethula i-Actropide endaweni yamahlombe ngokwabo, ngoba kunengozi enkulu yokwakha isibaya esinamafutha anganele sesikhumba nokujova umuthi ngendlela efanelekile. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi lapho usebenzisa izinaliti ezifika ku-4-5 mm, iphothi lamafutha angaphansi alakhiwa.
Kwenqatshelwe ukufaka umuthi kwizicubu eziguqulwe yi-lipodystrophy, futhi nasezindaweni zama-hematomas, uphawu, izibazi kanye nezibazi.
I-Actropid ingalawulwa kusetshenziswa isirinji yensulin evamile, isirinji noma ipompo ezenzakalelayo. Endabeni yokugcina, lesi sidakamizwa singeniswa emzimbeni ngokwaso, kulawo amabili okuqala kufaneleka kahle inqubo yokuphatha.
Isirinji:
- Ngosizo lwesithupha nesandulelayo, kwenziwa isibaya endaweni yomjovo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukungena kwe-insulin emafutheni, hhayi umsipha (ngezinaliti ezifika ku-4-5 mm, ungakwenza ngaphandle kwesibaya);
- I-syringe ifakwa i-perpendicular to the fold (ngezinaliti kuze kufike ku-8 mm, uma ingaphezulu kuka-8 mm - ekhoneni elingama-degrees angama-45 ukuya esibayeni), i-angle icindezelwe yonke indlela, bese umuthi udakiwe;
- Isiguli sibala u-10 futhi sikhiphe inalithi;
- Ekupheleni kokukhwabanisa, kukhishwa isibaya esinamafutha, isiza somjovo asisakazeki.
I-Syringe pen:
- Kufakwe inaliti elahliweyo;
- Umuthi uhlanganiswa kalula, ngosizo lwe-dispenser 2 amayunithi omuthi ukhethiwe, alethwa emoyeni;
- Kusetshenziswa iswishi, inani lomthamo oyifunayo usethelwe;
- Amafomu wokugoba okunamafutha esikhunjeni, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenqubo eyedlule;
- Umuthi uphathwa ngokucindezela i-piston yonke indlela;
- Ngemuva kwemizuzwana eyi-10, inaliti iyasuswa esikhunjeni, kukhishwe isibaya.
Uma kusetshenziswa isenzo se-actrapide esifushane, akudingekile ukuxuba ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.
Ukuvala ukufakwa okungafanele komuthi kanye nokuvela kwe-hypoglycemia, kanye ne-hyperglycemia, i-insulin akufanele ifakwe ezindaweni ezingafanele futhi imithamo okuvunyelwene ngayo nodokotela kufanele isetshenziswe. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Actrapid ephelelwe yisikhathi akuvunyelwe, umuthi ungadala i-insulin ngokweqile.
Ukuphathwa ngaphakathi kwe-intravenly noma nge-intramuscularly kwenziwa kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa kukadokotela oholayo. I-Actrapid ingeniswa emzimbeni isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla, ukudla kufanele kube nama-carbohydrate.
Kwenzeka kanjani i-Actrapid
I-Insulin Actrapid ingeyeqembu lezidakamizwa, isenzo esikhulu saso okuhloswe ngaso ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi. Isidakamizwa esisebenza esifushane.
Ukwehliswa ushukela kungenxa:
- Ukuithuthukisa ushukela okwenziwe ngcono emzimbeni;
- Ukwenza kusebenze izinqubo ze-lipogenesis ne-glycogeneis;
- Amaprotheni metabolism;
- Isibindi siqala ukukhiqiza ushukela omncane;
- I-glucose idonswa kangcono izicubu zomzimba.
Ubungako kanye nesivinini sokuvezwa umuthi wezitho zomzimba kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa:
- Imithamo yokulungiswa kwe-insulin;
- Indlela yokuphatha (isirinji, ipeni yesirinji, iphampu ye-insulin);
- Indawo ekhethiwe yokulawulwa kwezidakamizwa (isisu, ingalo, ithanga noma iqhubu).
Ngokuphathwa kwe-Actrapid okwenziwa ngobuqili, umuthi uqala ukusebenza ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30, ufinyelela ekuhlushweni okuphezulu emzimbeni ngemuva kwamahora ama-1-3, kuye ngezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye, umphumela we-hypoglycemic usebenza amahora angama-8.
Imiphumela emibi
Lapho ushintshela ku-Actrapid ezigulini izinsuku eziningana (noma amasonto, kuye ngezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye), ukuvuvukala kwamaphethelo nezinkinga ngokucaca kombono kuyabonakala.
Okunye ukusabela okungekuhle kubhalwe ne:
- Ukungondleki kahle ngemuva kokuphatha umuthi, noma ukweqa ukudla;
- Ukuzikhandla ngokweqile komzimba;
- Kwethula umthamo omningi we-insulin ngasikhathi sinye.
Umphumela wecala ovame kakhulu yi-hypoglycemia. Uma isiguli sinezikhumba eziphaphathekile, ukucasuka ngokweqile kanye nomuzwa wokulamba, ukudideka, ukweqisa kwamajubane nokwanda kokujuluka kuyabonakala, ushukela wegazi kungenzeka wehle ngaphansi kwezinga elivumelekile.
Ekubonakalisweni kokuqala kwezimpawu, kuyadingeka ukukala ushukela futhi udle kalula ama-carbohydrate agayekayo, uma kwenzeka ulahlekelwe ukwazi, iglucose ihanjiswa ngokuhambisana nomguli esigulini.
Kwezinye izimo, i-Actrapid insulin ingadala ukuvela komzimba okuvela kuwo:
- Ukuvela endaweni yomjovo wokucasulwa, ubomvu, ukuvuvukala kobuhlungu;
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
- Izinkinga zokuphefumula;
- I-Tachycardia;
- Isiyezi.
Uma isiguli singayilandeli imithetho yomjovo ezindaweni ezihlukile, i-lipodystrophy iba khona ezicutshini.
Iziguli lapho i-hypoglycemia ibonwa njalo, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela wakho ukuze alungise imithamo ekhishwayo.
Imiyalo ekhethekile
Imvamisa ye-hypoglycemia ingabangelwa kuphela yi-okweqisa kwemithi, kepha futhi nangezinye izizathu eziningi:
- Ukushintshwa komuthi ku-analog ngaphandle kokulawulwa ngudokotela;
- Ukungahambisani nokudla ngesikhathi somjovo;
- Ukuqhafaza
- Ukuzikhandla ngokweqile komzimba noma ubunzima bomzimba;
- Ukuguqulwa kwendawo yomjovo.
Uma isiguli sazisa inani elanele lomuthi noma seqa isingeniso, sikhula nge-hyperglycemia (ketoacidosis), okuyisimo esingeyona ingozi kangako, kungaholela ekwehleni.
Izimpawu ze-hyperglycemia:
- Umuzwa wokoma nendlala;
- Ubomvu besikhumba;
- Ukuchama kaningi;
- Ukumunca i-acetone ephuma emlonyeni;
- Isicanucanu
Sebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Ukwelashwa kwe-Actrapid kuvunyelwe uma kukhulelwa isiguli. Kuyo yonke inkathi, kuyadingeka ukulawula izinga ushukela futhi ushintshe umthamo. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi se-trimester yokuqala, isidingo somuthi siyancipha, ngesikhathi sesibili nesesithathu - ngokuhlukile, kuyanda.
Ngemuva kokubeletha, isidingo se-insulin sibuyiselwa ezingeni elalikhona ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa, ukuncipha komthamo kungadingeka. Isiguli sidinga ukubheka ngokucophelela izinga loshukela wegazi ukuze singaphuthelwa isikhathi lapho isidingo somuthi sizinza.
Ukuthengwa nokugcinwa
Ungathenga i-Actrapid ekhemisi ngokuya ngemiyalelo kadokotela wakho.
Kungcono ukugcina umuthi esiqandisini ekushiseni kuka-2 kuya ku-7 degrees Celsius. Ungavumeli umkhiqizo uvezwe ukushisa okuqondile noma ukukhanya kwelanga. Lapho iqhwa, i-Actrapid ilahlekelwa yizimpawu zayo zokunciphisa ushukela.
Ngaphambi komjovo, isiguli kufanele sihlole usuku lokuphela kwalo muthi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin ephelelwe isikhathi akuvunyelwe. Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka okugcwele noma i-vial nge-Actrapid yokudonsa nokuthambekela kwamanye amazwe.
I-Actrapid isetshenziswa yiziguli ezinalolo hlobo lokuqala 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela mellitus. Ngokusetshenziswa okufanele kanye nokuhambisana nemithamo ekhonjiswe udokotela, akubangeli ukukhula kwemiphumela emibi emzimbeni.
Khumbula ukuthi isifo sikashukela kufanele siphathwe ngokuphelele: ngaphezu kokujova kwomuthi nsuku zonke, kufanele unamathele ekudleni okuthile, ubheke umsebenzi ngokomzimba futhi ungachazi umzimba ezimweni ezicindezelayo.
