Izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive zohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela zikhethwe ngokwahlukana, zinikezwe umphumela wazo ekusebenzeni kwezinso, umphumela we-metabolism wamafutha acid kanye nama-carbohydrate. I-arterial hypertension ihambisana nama-80% alabo abahlushwa i-hyperglycemia. Izifo zikhulisa ukusebenza kwezitho zangaphakathi, ziphazamise izinqubo zemvelo ze-metabolism.
Izici
Ukunikezwa kwamaphilisi okucindezela kwabanesifo sikashukela kuyinkimbinkimbi ngemiphumela engathandeki, ukubonakaliswa kwako okubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-metabolism ye-intracellular.
Ukuzikhethela kwezidakamizwa zehypertension nge-hyperglycemia kususelwa kule mibandela:
- Ukusebenza kahle okukhulu, imiphumela emincane esezingeni eliphansi;
- I-Cardio nomphumela we-nephroprotective (ukuvikelwa kwenhliziyo nezinso);
- Awunamthelela ekuhlushweni kwama-lipids noshukela egazini.
Imithi ebamba ngokushesha
Uma uthambekele ekugxumeni ngokungazelelwe emfuthweni wegazi, imishanguzo efanelekile yokuthola umfutho wegazi ophezulu kushukela kufanele ibe ususondele.
Uma usizo oluphuthumayo luyadingeka, ukusetshenziswa kusho ukuthi umphumela womzimba emzimbeni awuhlali ngaphezu kwamahora ayi-6. Izinto ezisebenzayo eziyingxenye yamagama okuhweba ajwayelekile emithi:
- I-Captopril;
- INifedipine;
- Clonidine;
- I-Anaprilin;
- Andipal.
Imithi yokusetshenziswa okuhleliwe
Ukufundwa njalo ngenhla kwe-130/80 mm Hg. Ubuciko. for abanesifo sikashukela bagcwala nezinkinga ezincane, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis, ukuqhubeka kwe-angiopathies yesifo sikashukela. Kulesi simo, kunconywa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa njalo, ngenkathi kulandela ukudla okunosawoti kanye ne-carbohydrate. Imiphumela yezidakamizwa eziphakeme zesifo sikashukela kufanele ibe bushelelezi. Ukwehla kwengcindezi yegazi okulandelwa ukugxumagxuma kuyalimaza ngisho nesistimu yenhliziyo yomuntu ophilile.
Ama-inhibitors e-ACE
Ukuze kuqiniswe kancane kancane kwezimpawu zokubonisa umfutho wegazi ophezulu, kusetshenziswa ama-eniotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), okuvusa ukwakheka kwe-angiotensin. Ngokunciphisa ukugcwala kwe-angiotensin, izindlala ze-adrenal zikhiqiza i-aldosterone ephansi ye-hormone, egcina i-sodium namanzi emzimbeni. I-vasodilation iyenzeka, uketshezi olwedlulele nosawoti kuyakhululwa, umphumela we-hypotonic uboniswa.
Izinto ezisebenzayo ezivimba i-ACE:
- I-Enalapril;
- I-Perindopril;
- I-Quinapril;
- Fosinopril;
- I-Trandolapril;
- URamipril.
Okubi kwama-inhibitors amandla okubambezela ukuqedwa kwe-potassium kanye nokubambezeleka kokusebenza. Imiphumela yesicelo ayihloliswanga kungakapheli amasonto amabili ukuqokwa.
Ama-Angiotensin Receptor blockers (ama-ARB)
Vimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-renin, okuvuselela ukuguqulwa kwe-angiotensin, okubangela ukunciphisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi. Ama-ARB anqunywa uma kungasungulwa ukungabekezeleli i-ACE inhibitors. Indlela yokusebenza yamaqhinga abo we-biochemical ehlukile, kepha inhloso iyafana - ukunciphisa imiphumela ye-angiotensin ne-aldosterone.
Leli qembu libizwa ngokuthi ama-sartans ekugcineni kwamagama ezinto ezisebenzayo:
- I-Losartan;
- IValsartan;
- I-Irbesartan
- I-Candesartan.
Ama-diuretics
Ama-diuretics anomthelela omnene we-hypotonic, anqunywa ikakhulu ekwelashweni kokuhlanganiswa kusetshenziswa amanye amaphilisi we-hypertension kashukela.
- I-Loop diuretics (furosemide, lex) ihlangana kahle ne-ACE inhibitors, ayithinti izinga ushukela, ama-lipids, futhi afanele ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana esifushane ukuqeda ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwezicubu. Ukusetshenziswa okungalawulwa kuvusa ukuqothulwa okusheshayo kwe-potassium, okungaholela ekwandeni kwe-hypokalemia ne-inhliziyo arrhythmia.
- Ngenxa yomthelela omnene we-diuretic, i-thiazide-like diuretics (indapamide) ayikukhuphi ukulinganisela kwe-glucose, amafutha e-asidi, amazinga e-potassium, futhi ayithinti ukusebenza kwemvelo kwezinso.
- I-Thiazide diuretics (hypothiazide) kwimithamo yansuku zonke edlula ama-50 mg iyakwazi ukukhuphula amazinga e-glucose ne-cholesterol. Zinqunyelwe ngokuqapha ngemithamo emincane ngenxa yokulimala kokuwohloka kwe-renal ekhuphuka kanye ne-gout.
- Izinto ezisetshenziswa yi-Potassium-sparing (i-veroshpiron) azinconyelwe ukusetshenziswa kuhlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela esihambisana nomsebenzi wezinso ongasebenzi kahle.
Ama-blocker e-Beta
Izidakamizwa eziningana ezivimba ukuvusa amandla kwe-adrenoreceptors yi-adrenaline ne-norepinephrine zibekelwe ukwelashwa kwe-ischemia, i-cardiossteosis, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Nge-hyperglycemia, amaphilisi wokufaka umfutho wegazi ophakeme akhethwe ngomphumela owengeziwe we-vasodilating:
- ILabetalol;
- I-Carvedilol;
- Nebivolol.
Abamelene neCalcium
I-calcium calcium blockers - iqembu lezidakamizwa elinciphisa ukugcwala kwama-calcium ion. Phumula futhi unwebe izindonga zemithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi, amaseli abushelelezi bemisipha. Ihlukaniswe ngokwesimo ngamaqembu:
- I-Verapamil, diltiazem. Thinta umsebenzi we-myocardium namaseli wenhliziyo, wehlise izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlangana nabakwa-beta-blockers kuqinisekisiwe.
- I-Derivatives ye-dihydropyridine - i-nifedipine, i-verapamil, i-nimodipine, i-amlodipine. Baqabula izindonga zamaseli abushelelezi bemisipha, bandisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
Abaphikisi beCalcium abaphazamisi i-carbohydrate, i-lipid metabolism. Uma usetshenziswa njengomuthi wokucindezela, uhlobo 2 sikashukela luthandeka, kepha lunezindlela eziningi zokuphikisana. I-Nifedipine icutshaniswe ne-angina pectoris, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo nezinso, ilungele ukukhululeka okukodwa kwezinkinga. I-Amlodipine ingavusa ukuvuvukala. IVerapamil inomphumela omnene ekusebenzeni kwezinso, kepha ingadala ama-bronchodilators.
Ukusabela komuntu ngamunye
Izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive zihlanganiswa nomunye, zikhethiwe kucatshangelwa izifo ezifana, nemithi ethathiwe. I-Hypertension, ehambisana nokuphulwa kwesifo sikashukela se-intracellular metabolism, kubangela ukusabela okuhlukahlukene ngasese.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, kufanele ufunde uhlu lwemiphumela emibi, izindlela zokuyiqeda.
Lapho uthatha, amandla okucindezela kwegazi ayabonakala. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose okusheshayo futhi ngemuva kokudla kuqashwa. Ukuphambuka okungadingeki kusuka ezingeni elamukelekayo kudinga ukufakwa esikhundleni kwemithi.
