Ukuxilongwa kwe-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela

Izinqubo ze-Pathological ezenzeka emzimbeni ngaphansi kwethonya sikashukela zinomthelela omubi ohlelweni lwe-vascular. Uma kukhulunywa ngamehlo, cishe ama-90% eziguli anezinkinga ezinkulu zokubona nokubizwa ngokuthi yi-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela.

Isici esiyinhloko salesi sifo ukuqala kokulimala kanye nokulimala okungalungiseki kumadivayisi we-ocular, okungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokulahleka kombono kubantu abaneminyaka yokusebenza.

Izimbangela zokwenzeka

Kuze kube muva nje, eminyakeni engama-20 kuye kwengama-30 edlule, ukutholakala kwe-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kwakusho ukungaboni kahle kwesiguli ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5-7. Manje isimo sesishintshe kakhulu, ngoba izindlela zanamuhla zokwelapha zingaselapha ngempumelelo lesi sifo.

Ukuchaza kafushane umongo wenqubo eholela ekwakhekeni kwalesi sifo kulula kakhulu. Izinguquko ezinqubweni ze-metabolic eziholela kushukela zinomthelela ongemuhle ekuhlinzekweni kwegazi kuya kwizixhobo ze-ocular. Ama-microvessels eso avinjelwe, okuholela ekwandeni kwengcindezi nasekuqhekekeni kwezindonga (hemorrhages yangaphakathi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zangaphandle ezivela emithanjeni yegazi zingangena kwi-retina, ngoba isithiyo semvelo sokuzivikela kushukela siqala ukufeza umsebenzi waso sibi. Izindonga zemithambo yegazi kancane kancane ziyancipha futhi ziphelelwe amandla, okuandisa ingozi yokopha nokulimazeka okubukwayo kwe-pathological.

Izigaba zokukhula kwalesi sifo:

• I-nonproliferative retinopathy ichazwa njengesigaba sokuqala sesifo. Ukuvezwa kwayo akubalulekanga kakhulu futhi isiguli asiboni ushintsho ekusebenzeni okubukwayo. Kunezimo ezikhethekile zokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi, kanye nama-pathologies amancane. Okwamanje, ukubhekwa kwezokwelapha kuyadingeka, hhayi ukwelashwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-ejenti aqinisa amandla kuvunyelwe ngokusho kobufakazi bochwepheshe.
• I-preproliferative retinopathy. Kulesi sigaba, ukubonakala kwemikhumbi eminingi enezimpawu ezikhulayo zezindonga kuyaphawuleka, kanye nezimo zokushaqeka okuningana ku-fundus. Izinga lokubona liyancipha kancane kancane, futhi ijubane lezinguquko ezinjalo lisemuntwini ngamunye.
• I-retinopathy eyandayo iyindlela eyisisekelo yokusebenza ngokubukwayo. Kubonakala ngokugxila okuningi kokuqothuka kwama-capillaries, kanye nokuphefumula kwemikhumbi emincane enikeza i-eyeball. Kulesi sigaba, ukukhula kwemikhumbi engajwayelekile ye-anatomically kwenzeka, lapho izindonga zincane kakhulu futhi umsebenzi wokudla umbi.

Umphumela wokuphela kwe-glycemia engalawulwa yizinqubo ze-pathological kwizixhobo ze-ocular, detachment retinal and blindness blind. Lesi sifo singavinjelwa kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo, kanye nokujwayelekile kwamazinga kashukela wegazi.

Izici zobungozi

I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela izibonakalisa ngamazinga ahlukahlukene cishe kuzo zonke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela. Kungakho kudingekile ukuthi uvakashele udokotela njalo ukuze ulawule umbono futhi uhlole isimo samathuluzi we-ocular. Noma yikuphi ukwephulwa okuhlonziwe, kungcono ukunakekela ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwezimpawu zokukhathazeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Usongo lokubona luyakhula uma kunezici ezingezekile ezingezinhle zikhona.

Yini ekhulisa amathuba okubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo:

• "Gxuma" ongalawulwa ushukela wegazi;
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
• Ukubhema neminye imikhuba emibi;
• I-Pathology yezinso nesibindi;
• Ukukhulelwa nesikhathi sokudla kwengane;
• Izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala emzimbeni;
• Isakhi sofuzo.

Isikhathi sikashukela sithinta futhi ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo. Kukholelwa ukuthi izinkinga zokubona zivela cishe eminyakeni eyi-15 kuye kwengama-20 ngemuva kokuxilongwa, kepha kungaba khona okuhlukile. Ebusheni, lapho ukungalingani kwe-hormonal kufinyelela nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kungenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Lesi yisibonakaliso esesabisayo kakhulu, ngoba esimweni esinjalo, ngisho nangokwelashwa okuqhubekayo nokuqapha, ubungozi bokuthi ubumpofu buphakeme.

Izimpawu zesifo

Isigaba sokuqala sesi sifo sibonisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-asymptomatic, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi. Imvamisa izikhalazo zokuwohloka komsebenzi obonakalayo ziza esigabeni sesibili noma sesithathu, lapho imbubhiso ifinyelela isilinganiso esikhulu.

Izimpawu eziphambili ze-retinopathy:

• Umbono ofiphele, ikakhulukazi esifundeni esingaphandle;
• Ukubonakala "kwezimpukane" phambi kwamehlo;
• Ukufakwa kwegazi emzimbeni we-vitreous;
• Ubunzima bokufunda;
• Ukukhathala okukhulu nobuhlungu emehlweni;
• Iveli noma isithunzi esiphazamisa umbono ojwayelekile.

Kulokhu, kufanele uvakashele udokotela - udokotela wamehlo wezamehlo. Uma kukhona izinsolo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, kungcono ukhethe uchwepheshe omncane - i-ophthalmologist - retinologist. Udokotela onjalo uchwepheshe weziguli ezitholakala nesifo sikashukela futhi kuzosiza ukucacisa ngokunembile uhlobo lwezinguquko.

Ukuxilonga

Ukuthola lesi sifo silula ngokuhlolwa komuntu siqu nangokubuza isiguli.

Ezikhungweni eziningi zezokwelapha, sekuwumkhuba omuhle ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zizithumele kohlolwa ochwepheshe abancane.

Imvamisa, isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sinengxenye ekwakhiweni kwama-pathologies wamehlo, amasistimu wezinhliziyo, izinso nokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwemikhawulo engezansi. Ukuhlonza ngesikhathi izinkinga kuzosiza ukuqapha isimo sesiguli futhi kuvikeleke ekuthuthukisweni kwezinkinga ezimbi kakhulu.

Kanjani isifundo:

1. Uchwepheshe wenza inhlolokhono yezindawo eziqala ukubukwa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuthola isimo se-retina ezindaweni eziphelele.
2. Uma kunesidingo, hlola izindlela ze-electrophysiological. Kuzocacisa ukusebenza kwamaseli wezinzwa ku-retina kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezibonakalayo.
3. I-Tonometry iyisilinganiso sokucindezela kwe-intraocular. Ngamanani andayo, ubungozi bezinkinga buyakhuphuka.
4. I-Ophthalmoscopy ukuhlolwa kwe-fundus. Kwenziwa kudivayisi ekhethekile, inqubo engenabuhlungu futhi esheshayo.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound kwezindawo zangaphakathi zamehlo kwenziwa uma kunesidingo sokuthola ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathologies yeso lokhi nokuphuma kwegazi okucashile. Imikhumbi ejwayele ukondla imishini yokusebenza ye-ocular nayo iyahlolwa.
6. I-Optical cohere yokubambelela kuyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuthola ukwakheka kwezixhobo ezibonakalayo. Ikuvumela ukuthi ubone i-macular edema, ayibonakali ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komuntu siqu ngamalensi.

Ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza okubonakalayo iminyaka eminingi, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kufanele ziye kohlolwa kwezokwelapha okungenani zonke izinyanga eziyisithupha. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuboneni inqubo eseqalile ezigabeni zokuqala futhi ivikele i-pathologies ebucayi.

Ukwelashwa Kwe-Diabetesic retinopathy

Ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kuya ngesilinganiso somonakalo, kanye nezimpawu zesiguli ngasinye. Imithi, njengomthetho, inqunyelwe kuphela ukugcina isimo esijwayelekile sempahla ye-ocular, kanye nokululama ezinqubweni ezilandelwayo. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswe ngaphambilini ekwelapheni imithambo yegazi azisetshenziswa njengamanje, ngoba inani elikhulu lemiphumela emibi kanye nezinga eliphansi lokufakazela sekufakazelwe. Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokulungisa iso esezibonakalisile ukusebenza kwazo

I-laser retinal coagulation

Inqubo esezingeni eliphansi futhi ephumelela kakhulu. Okwamanje kulesi sigaba ekuthuthukisweni kwemithi, lena inketho engcono kakhulu yokulungiswa kombono ku-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela. Inqubo yenziwa kusetshenziswa umuthi wendawo wokubulala izinzwa ngendlela yamaconsi, awudingi ukulungiselela ngokucophelela nesikhathi eside sokuvuselela umzimba. Ukuncoma okujwayelekile kudinga ukuhlolwa kokuqala, uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa ngemuva kwenqubo kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula ngemuva kokungenelela. Inqubo yenziwa kwensiza ekhethekile, ngosizo lwethambo le-laser ye-directional action trailerize imikhumbi elimele bese yenza ezinye izindlela zokulethwa kwezakhi zomzimba.

Inqubo ithatha cishe isigamu sehora, isiguli asibuzwa ubuhlungu kanye nokungakhululeki okuhle. Kulokhu, ukufakwa kwesibhedlela kwesiguli akudingekile, ngoba inqubo yenziwa ngokuphuma kwesikhathi. Okuwukuphela kwengozi yokuhlangana kwe-laser ukusesha kwengcweti enhle nemishini enganele yezikhungo zezokwelapha. Akusizo zonke izibhedlela ezinemishini enjalo, ngakho izakhamizi zezindawo ezikude kuzodingeka ukuthi zibhekele izindleko zohambo.

Ukuhlinzwa ngamehlo

Kwezinye izimo, ukusebenza kwe-laser coagulation kungahle kunganele, ngakho-ke kusetshenziswa enye indlela - ukuhlinzwa. Ibizwa i-vitrectomy futhi yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Umnyombo waso ukususwa kwezitho ezonakalisiwe ze-retinal, umzimba onamafu we-vitreous nokulungiswa kwamasipha. Indawo evamile ye-retina ngaphakathi kwe-eyeball kanye nokujwayelekile kokukhulumisana kwemithambo ibuyiselwa.

Isikhathi sokuvuselela sithatha amasonto ambalwa futhi sidinga umuthi we-postoperative. Basiza ukudambisa ukuvuvukala okungenzeka, ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezifo ezithinta i-postoperative kanye nezinkinga. Ngaphandle kokuthi le nqubo ingukungenelela okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlulele, kwesinye isikhathi kuyi-vitrectomy eba ukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela.

Ukukhethwa kwenqubo efanelekile yokulungiswa kombono kwe-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kwenziwa ngokwezimpawu zesiguli ngasinye. kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukufeza ukwelashwa okuphelele, ngakho-ke ukungenelela okunjalo kunikeza ukwehla kwenqubo ye-pathological esweni. Mhlawumbe eminyakeni embalwa isiguli sizophinda sidinge ukungenelela okunjalo, ngakho-ke ukuya ku-ophthalmologist ngemuva kokuhlinzwa okukhanseliwe kukhanseliwe.

I-Diabetesic Retinopathy Prevention

Naphezu kwesimo esande futhi cishe singenakugwenywa sesifo esinjalo ezigulini ezitholakala sinesifo sikashukela, izindlela zokuvimbela nazo sezakhiwe. Okokuqala, kuhlotshaniswa nokulawulwa okwanele ushukela wegazi, kepha kunamanye ama-nuances.

Okuzosiza ukuvikela ukukhula kwesifo:

• Izinyathelo zokunciphisa umfutho wegazi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukwehlisa umthwalo emikhunjini futhi kuvikeleke ekuqhekekeni.
• Ukuhlolwa njalo ngudokotela wezamehlo. Kwabanesifo sikashukela, lokhu kufanele kube ngumkhuba omuhle, ukuvakasha kufanele kwenziwe okungenani kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Uma izimpawu eziphazamisayo zokuwa kokubonakalayo ziqashelwe ngokuzumayo, kufanele uvakashele uchwepheshe ngokushesha.
• Ukulawulwa kweshukela. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema izinkinga eziningi ezinzima, kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela.
• Ukwenqaba imikhuba emibi. Imiphumela emibi yokubhema kanye notshwala empilweni ye-vascular iye yafakazelwa ngokwesayensi.
• Umsebenzi okwenzeka ngokomzimba futhi uhambe emoyeni omusha. Izimbangela ezivamile zezinkinga zokubuka isikhathi eside zichayeka kukhompyutha noma i-TV.

I-Prognosis yeziguli ezine-rhinopathy yesifo sikashukela

Isikhathi sokuphila nokulondolozwa komsebenzi obonakalayo ngqo kuya ngesilinganiso sokulimala kwamehlo, iminyaka nobude besifo sikashukela. Kunzima kakhulu ukuxilonga lapho ungekho khona, ngoba izinkomba ngazinye zesiguli kufanele zibhekwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nge-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, ukulimala kwezinye izitho nezinhlelo kuhlolwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zamazwe. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukukhula kwe-retinopathy kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kweli-15 emva kokunqunywa kwesifo sikashukela, kanye nemiphumela engenakuphikwa (ngaphandle kokuqashwa kahle koshukela kanye nokwelashwa) kwenzeka ngalesi sikhathi.

Imvamisa, izinkinga zalesi simo zingabizwa ngokuba khona kwezifo ezikhona kanye nama-pathologies. Isifo sikashukela sithinta kabi zonke izitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo zomzimba, kepha umsebenzi obonakalayo uhlupheka okokuqala. Ngokuqapha njalo kwezinga likashukela nokudla kokudla kweziguli, lezo zimpawu zingahle zingabonakali isikhathi eside, kepha ngokwezibalo kwizifo sikashukela, ukungasebenzi kahle kwamehlo kwabhalwa cishe emaphathini angama-88 - 93%.

I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela iyinkinga yesifo sikashukela esivame kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwethonya lezinguquko ezinqubweni ze-metabolic, umsebenzi wemikhumbi ohlinzeka ngezinsiza ze-ocular uyaphazamiseka, okuholela ekushoneni kwegazi kanye nezinqubo zamehlo zamehlo. Lesi sifo asizibonakalisi sisencane, ngakho-ke iningi leziguli liya kudokotela vele nezinqubo ezingenakulungiswa. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, udinga njalo vakashela udokotela wezifo zamehlo ukuhlola umbono wakho futhi uhlole i-retina.