Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela: kwenzekani emzimbeni nokuthi ungasiza kanjani isiguli?

Lesi sifo sinamagama amaningi: umbulali omnandi, isifo esiyinhloko sesikhathi sethu ngisho nenhlupho yekhulu lama-21. Akusizanga ngalutho ukuthi isifo sikashukela sithola zonke “izihloko” zaso: minyaka yonke inani labantu abanalesi sifo liyakhula ngokuqinile.

Futhi yini edabukisa ikakhulukazi - ngisho nabasenkulisa bangena ezibalweni. Ngabe sikhula kanjani isifo sikashukela?

Kuze kube manje, odokotela abanampendulo yokugcina, kepha ngokutadisha lesi sifo njalo, singakhomba izimbangela eziphambili futhi sizame ukuvimbela ukukhula kwaso.

Yini ebangela isifo sikashukela?

Izizathu ezi-2 zokuqala kwesifo sikashukela zisungulwe ngokunembile:

• ukubulawa kweseli ye-beta. Akhiqizwa ama-pancreas (ama-pancreas). Yilezi zingqamuzana ezifaka i-insulin. Futhi isizathu sokufa kwabo siku "phutha" lokungazeleleki. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingakacaci, uthatha amaseli aphilile amaseli angaphandle futhi azame ukuwachitha. Ukuxilongwa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sokuqala. Ibizwa nangokuthi izingane;
• ukungasebenzi komzimba ngamaseli we-insulin. Le ndlela ivame ukubonwa kubantu abakhuluphele, njengoba basebenzisa ukudla okweqile kwe-carbohydrate. Ukuxilongwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Uhlobo 1 (kuncike kwe-insulin)

Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luvame kakhulu ukuthinta abantu abasha (abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40), bathambekele ekunceni. Isimo somtholampilo sinzima; imijovo ye-insulin engapheli iyadingeka ekwelashweni. Maye, akufanele uthembele ukululama okugcwele, ngoba uhlobo lomthelela olonakalisayo lokungaziphathi emsebenzini we-pancreas aluqondakali ngokuphelele.

Izinhlobo ezi-2 (i-non-insulin ezimele)

Kulokhu, abantu baba "kwelitshe". Njengomthetho, bonke banothile. Kusukela egameni kuyacaca ukuthi ukujova kulokhu kungagwenywa.

Lapho kutholakala ukuthi isifo sitholakele, okokuqala, kuphakanyelwa isiguli ukudla okukhethekile. Umsebenzi wesiguli uwukisisa ngokuqinile futhi uguqule isisindo sawo ngokwejwayelekile.

Uma lezi zinyathelo zinganele, amaphilisi akhethekile anqunyelwe, futhi i-insulin ayivelakancane, kuphela njengezinyathelo sokugcina.

Ukuhlafunwa

Lesi sifo sibonisa kuphela abesifazane abakhulelwe, njengoba negama lisho. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuthinteka kusikhathi sonke sokuzala kwengane.

Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lutholakala kuphela emaphathini angama-3-5%. Kulokhu, umama okhulelwe ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, izinga likashukela livamile.

Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa sivame ukuphela ngemuva kokuzalwa. Kepha kusekhona ingozi engahle ikhule ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okulandelayo. Ingozi iphezulu kakhulu - 70%.

I-Steroid

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esinelinye ushukela linelinye igama - ukwelashwa. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuvela kwayo kwandulelwa wukudliwa isikhathi eside kwemithi yama-hormone isiguli.

Ngenxa yalokhu, umzimba uqongelela inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-corticosteroids. Uma isiguli sine-carbohydrate metabolism ejwayelekile, ukuphuza ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa kuzobangela kuphela uhlobo oluncane lwesifo, oluzonyamalala ngokuphelele ngemuva kokuhoxiswa kwezidakamizwa.

Kepha uma kunesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, khona-ke ezimweni ezingama-60% lesi sifo sizokhula sibe yifomu elincike ku-insulin.

Isifo sikashukela ezinganeni

Imvamisa, ezinganeni ezineminyaka engama-6 kuya kweyi-11, kutholakala uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela. Kunezimo zalesi sifo ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Isizathu isakhi sofuzo esigoqiwe ngesifo esinamandla segciwane. Isifo sohlobo 2 sitholakala ezinganeni ezikhuluphele.

Ngubani ongagula: izici zobungozi

Isifo sikashukela singakhula uma kukhona:

• Isici esiyindlalifa, lapho isisondelene nesihlobo sikashukela sanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Uma ubaba egula, ubungozi bokukhula kwe-pathology enganeni buyi-10%, uma umama eyi-2% kuphela;
• ukulimala kakhulu noma ukulimala kwamanyikwe;
• ukutheleleka ngegciwane futhi ukhuluphele;
• ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezinhlobo ezithile zemithi;
• ukucindezelwa okungapheli;
• umthwalo omncane womzimba;
• iminyaka: inkulu kangakanani, izingozi ziyanda.

Kwenzekani ngesifo sikashukela ngomzimba?

Iqiniso ngukuthi iseli lenziwe ngendlela yokuthi lodwa lingakwazi ukudonsa ushukela - umsoco odingekayo ukuze ube khona.

Kepha i-insulin ingakwenza lokhu. Isebenza njengesihluthulelo "esivula" iseli le-insulin.

Lapho kunama-hormone amancane egazini, i-glucose (ngemuva kokuvela okuyinkimbinkimbi kokudla okuvela ekudleni) ayikwazi ukungena kumaseli futhi inqwabele ngokweqile. Isimo siyindida: ngoshukela okweqile, amangqamuzana ayaqhubeka nokufa yindlala.

Kwenzekani nge-glucose elandelayo? Imunwa izicubu ezingadingi "izinsizakalo" ze-insulin. Futhi uma i-glucose iqongelela okuningi, igxwa ngokweqile.

Sikhuluma ngamaseli ekhanda nezinzwa zokuphela kwezinzwa. Bangabokuqala ukushaywa. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zibonakaliswa ku-migraines, ukubona okungahambi kahle nokukhathala.

Ngakho-ke, ngesifo sikashukela, kukhona ukuphazamiseka okunjengokuthi:

• ukuntuleka kwama-hormone athile kanye nokudlula okweqile kwabanye: ngokungenasisekelo i-insulin, ne-glycated (enamacwecwe) i-hemoglobin, kunalokho, iba ngaphezu kokudingekile;
• isifo se-metabolic. Imvamisa, ama-carbohydrate anikezela amandla (umsoco) kuwo wonke amaseli omzimba. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwe-metabolic, izinga loshukela wegazi liyaphambuka: kunganda noma kunciphe;
• ukwephulwa kwemisebenzi yamanyikwe.

Imvamisa, amanyikwe akhiqiza i-insulin ngezindlela ezi-2:

• ebusuku naphakathi kokudla. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwakheka kwe-hormone kuhamba kahle futhi njalo;
• ngemuva kokudla, lapho secretion ye-hormone ikhuphuka ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kulondolozwe ushukela ojwayelekile.

Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreatic, i-glycosylation yamaprotheni e-membrane iyenzeka. Futhi yile imbangela eyinhloko yokuphazamiseka kwamuva kwezitho nezicubu eziningi.

Lesi sifo sihamba ngokushesha kangakanani?

Inkambo yesifo sohlobo 1 ivela ngokushesha futhi kanzima - ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Kwenzeka ukuthi kulokhu umuntu angawela enkingeni, futhi esibhedlela sakhe esiphuthumayo kuyodingeka. Umehluko phakathi kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ekukhuleni okungathintiwe, ukwelula iminyaka.

Ukuhlangabezana nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile, ukulahleka kombono nokukhubazeka kwenkumbulo, isiguli kungenzeka singaboni ukuthi lezi yizimpawu zesifo sikashukela.

Isithombe somtholampilo sikashukela

Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zezimpawu: ezokuqala nezesekondari.

Izimpawu ezibalulekile zifaka:

• polyuria (isiguli sivame ukuchama, ikakhulukazi ebusuku). Ngakho-ke umzimba ususa ushukela omningi;
• polyphagylapho isiguli sifuna ukudla ngaso sonke isikhathi;
• polydipsia. Ngenxa yokuchama njalo, ukuphuma komzimba kwenzeka;
• ukunciphisa umzimba. Kuvame ukubonwa ngesifo sohlobo 1. Naphezu kwesifiso esihle sokudla, isiguli silahlekelwa amakhilogremu.

Izimpawu zesibili:

• isikhumba nokuhanjiswa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane;
• ubuthakathaka bemisipha kanye nokuqunjelwa;
• ukudunwa kanye / noma ukushuba kwezitho;
• umbono omfiphele;
• ikhanda
• umchamo we-umchamo (wohlobo 1 sikashukela);
• amanxeba okuphulukisa kabi.

Isimo somtholampilo salesi sifo ezinganeni asicaci kangako. Amabele azimisele ukuncela amabele awo, angathwala isisindo kabi, kanti nokuchama kaningi kubukeka njenge-physiology ejwayelekile. Kepha omama bazonaka ngokushesha ukuqina kwelondolo ngemuva kokuba umntwana esechayile, futhi lesi yisikhathi okufanele siqaphele.

Yiziphi izinkinga zabanesifo sikashukela?

I-Hyperglycemia ne-hypoglycemia

Lapho kutholakala uswelelo ushukela (ongaphansi kuka-2.8 mmol) emzimbeni, kwenzeka i-hypoglycemia. Ingozi yayo intuthuko esheshayo, egcwele ukulahleka kwengqondo. Uhlobo olunzima lwalesi sifo luholela ezinqubweni zokubhubhisa ezingenakulungiswa ebuchosheni. Imbangela yokubandakanyeka kungaba ukweqisa kwemithi noma ukuzila ukudla njalo. I-hypoglycemia emnene ingabhekwa njengeingenangozi.

I-Hyperglycemia ingumphumela wokuntuleka kwe-insulin, yingakho ushukela ophakeme. Izinkomba zakhe ezibucayi ziphinde zisongele isiguli ngesifo sokuwa. Ubungozi bale nkinga ukukhula okungenzeka kwe-ketonuria noma i-ketoacidosis.

Isizathu ukuntuleka kweglucose yokudla kwamaseli. Umzimba okulesi simo uqala ukudiliza amafutha, ukhulule i-acetone. Ukweqisa kwaso kusongela kakhulu zonke izitho.

Isifo sikashukela

Unyawo lwesifo sikashukela luyinkinga enkulu yesifo sikashukela. I-pathogenesis ibangelwa ukuhamba kwegazi okungekuhle emithanjeni yemithambo, emithanjeni nasezithanjeni zezinzwa. Njengoba imizwa yabo incishisiwe, amanxeba noma ukusikwa kwesiguli akuphazamiseki.

Isifo sikashukela

Kungenzeka angaqapheli nesilonda esakheke ngaphansi kwe-stratum corneum. Imvamisa, indawo yonyawo iyathinteka. Lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba kulandisa umthwalo oyinhloko lapho uhamba. Kuqala kuvela imifantu emincane. Ngemuva kwalokho ukutheleleka kungena ngaphakathi kubo, bese kuba nokwakheka kwesihlakala.

I-Angiopathy

Kulokhu, imikhumbi emincane nemikhulu iwela ngaphansi kwesifo sikashukela. I-Angiopathy iba lapho isifo sikashukela sihlala isikhathi eside (iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10).

Ushukela ophakeme ulimaza izicubu zezindonga zemithambo yegazi, azenze zibe mancane futhi zibe muncanyana endaweni ethile.

Kukhona ukwephulwa kokugeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile, kanti izitho zantula umoya-mpilo kanye nokudla okungenamsoco. Kaningi kunabanye, imilenze (2/3 yawo wonke amacala) nenhliziyo iyahlupheka. I-retinopathy ayivamisile lapho imithambo eyonakaliswe yisifo sikashukela ingakwazi ukuhambisa igazi kwi-retina.

I-Nephropathy

I-Nephropathy iyinkimbinkimbi yesifo sikashukela ezinso, ngokunembile, ezintweni zokuhlunga - i-nephron glomeruli.

Ushukela omningi ubhubhisa isakhiwo sabo, futhi amaprotheni amaningi ngokwengeziwe angena kumchamo (lokhu akufanele kube yinto evamile).

Lapho lesi sifo sibulala kakhulu izinso, yilapho umzimba ulahlekelwa ngamaprotheni. Kubangela ukuvuvukala.

Lapho izinso ziyeka ngokuphelele ukusebenza, kutholakala ukwehluleka kwezinso.

Isifo sikashukela sikashukela

Ukuhlangana okuyingozi kakhulu kwesifo sikashukela esingazinzile sazo zombili izinhlobo. Ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kuholela ekuqongeleleni kwenani eleqile lemizimba ye-acetone (noma ama-ketones).

Umphumela ukuthuthukiswa k comacidotic coma. Lapho kunokweqile kwe-glucose ne-lactate (imikhiqizo yokuqhekeka engaphansi kwe-oxidized), ikoma libizwa nge-hyperosmolar noma i-hyperlactacidemic.

Ungamsiza kanjani isiguli ukumisa ukukhula kwesifo?

Isiguli esinesifo sikashukela kufanele silandele ngokuqinile zonke izincomo ze-endocrinologist ezindabeni zokudla okunempilo nendlela yokuphila.

Futhi yize ukudla kwesifo sikashukela kuyinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu, amaphilisi okulwa nesifo sikashukela azosiza isiguli sigweme amaphutha okunomsoco futhi sizinzise amazinga kashukela.

Amavidiyo ahlobene

Kwindlela yokuthuthuka nesithombe somtholampilo sohlobo 2 sikashukela kule vidiyo: