Ukuchaza imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin: kungani inkomba inyuka noma incipha futhi kungani iyingozi?

Ukuhlaziywa kokunqunywa kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin kubhekwa njengenye yezinqubo ezibalulekile. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abahlushwa ukugula okufana nesifo sikashukela.

Inzuzo yayo ukuthi ukuqoqa kabusha imiphumela ye-glycosylated hemoglobin kusiza ukunquma ngokushesha imbangela yokwanda kweglucose.

Ukucacisa amanani wokuhlaziywa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated

IHemoglobin yiprotheni eyenziwe ekhaya kumaseli abomvu anikeza umoya-mpilo kumaseli womzimba. Ihlangana nama-molecule eglucose, yingakho ukuba khona kwento efana ne-glycosylated hemoglobin.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-hemoglobin:

• HbA1a;
• HbA1b;
• kanye ne-HbA1c.

Yindlela yokugcina yenkomba enquma ukuba khona noma ukungatholakali kokuxilongwa okunjalo njengesifo sikashukela. Abukho ubunzima obuthile ekutholeni ekuhlaziyeni okunikezwe kwale nkomba.

Onke amanani we-HbA1c akhombisa amazinga kashukela egazi aboniswa ngamazinga alandelayo:

• sisuka ku-4 siye ku-6%. Ngezinkomba ezinjalo, akukho kuphambuka kokujwayelekile, zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic ziqhubeka ngokujwayelekile. Ayikho i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela;
• isuka ku-6 iye ku-7%. Kuvela isimo se-prediabetes. Ingozi yesifo sikashukela iyanda;
• isuka ku-7 iye ku-8%. Kuleli zinga le-glucose, ushukela ungadala izinkinga eziyingozi emzimbeni;
• I-10% nangaphezulu. Ngalesi sikhombisi, kuvela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela, lapho izinkinga ezingenakuphikwa zingenakugwemeka.

Iminyaka ngeminyaka

Imvamisa ye-HbA1c ayincike eminyakeni yobudala bomuntu kuphela, kepha nobulili bakhe. Ngokwesilinganiso, inkomba icatshangelwa ukuthi isuka ku-4 iye ku-6%. Njengomthetho, amadoda anamanani aphakeme kakhulu kunabesifazane.

Isilinganiso sabo yi-135 g nge-1 litre. Izinsizwa ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala zinezinga le-glucose le-4-5,5%. Kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50, u-6.5% uthathwa njengokujwayelekile, kepha kwabesilisa asebekhulile kusukela eminyakeni engama-50 nangaphezulu kuzoba ngu-7%.

Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40, abameli abaningi bezocansi olunamandla baqala ukuthola isisindo ngokweqile, okungakhombisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. Futhi iba yisandulelo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, kule minyaka, kunconywa ukubheka futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kuhlaziye okunquma ukuhlangana kweglucose.

Abesifazane abanemehluko obonakalayo ovela ezimweni zamadoda. Ngaphansi kweminyaka yobudala engama-30, aqala ku-4 kuye ku-5%. Ukusuka eminyakeni engama-30 kuye kwengama-50, lelo zinga kufanele libe ngu-5-7%, kuthi kwabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60, ukwehla okungaphansi kuka-7% akuvunyelwe.

Ezinganeni, konke kuhlukile. Ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-12 zokuphila, amazinga ashukela ajwayelekile kufanele abe phakathi kuka-2.8 no-4.4 mmol / L. Kusuka onyakeni owodwa kuye eminyakeni emi-5, inkomba inyuka isuka ku-3.3 iye ku-5 mmol / L. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5, amanani abalwa ngendlela efanayo nakwabantu abadala.

Izizathu zokwehlisa inkomba ngezansi kujwayelekile

Izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated lingancipha ngenxa yezimo ezilandelayo:

• i-glucose ende yesikhathi eside (hypoglycemia);
• i-anemia noma i-hemolytic anemia. Ama-Glycosylated HbA1c cell afa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokwehla kwesikhathi esimaphakathi samangqamuzana abomvu egazi;
• profuse ukulahleka kwegazi. Ukulahleka kwe-hemoglobin hhayi ejwayelekile kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-glycosylated;
• ukumpontshelwa igazi. I-compact ye-HbA1c yenzeka ngengxenyana yayo ejwayelekile, engaxhunyiwe yi-carbohydrate.

Kungani inani lenyuka?

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokukhula kwesibonakaliso kulele kokuphulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism. Izici ezilandelayo zithinta futhi:

• Uhlobo 1 sikashukela. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-insulin emzimbeni, ukwehluleka ekusebenziseni ama-carbohydrate kwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokhu, ushukela we-glucose uyakhuphuka;
• Uhlobo 2 sikashukela. Ukungasebenzi ekusebenzeni kweglucose kwenzeka ngisho nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ejwayelekile;
• ukwelashwa okunqunyelwe ngokungafanele ngesilinganiso esandayo sama-carbohydrate. Kukhona nezimbangela ezihlobene namazinga kashukela emzimbeni;
• ubuthi botshwala;
• i-anemia eyakhelwe ngokumelene nesizinda sokuntuleka kwensimbi;
• ukuhola ubuthi usawoti;
• ukususwa kwesigaxa. Lesi sitho siyindawo esemqoka lapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-carbohydrate kwenzeka khona. Ngakho-ke, ngokungabikho kwayo, isikhathi sabo sokuphila sanda, okuholela futhi ekukhuleni kwe-HbA1c;
• uremia. Ukungasebenzi kwezinso okunganele kufaka isandla ekuqongeleleni okukhulu kwe-metabolism kanye nokuvela kwe-carbohemoglobin, efana nezakhiwo ku-glycosylated;
• ukukhulelwa Kulokhu, uhla lwezinkomba kusuka ku-4, 5 kuye ku-6, 6% luzothathwa njengejwayelekile. Ebudaleni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izinga le-7.7% lizobhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Ukuhlaziywa kufanele kunikezwe kanye ezinyangeni ezi-1, ezi-5. Imiphumela yokuhlaziya inquma ukukhula kwengane.

Ungawenza kanjani ngokwejwayelekile izinga le-HbA1c egazini?

Uma ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuphambuka kokuqukethwe okwejwayelekile kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuvakashela udokotela wobugqila.

Uchwepheshe ngosizo lokwelashwa kuzosiza ukubuyisa le nkomba kukujwayelekile. Njengomthetho, ukuphambuka okubalulekile kokujwayelekile kubonisa izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle emzimbeni.

Lapho isilinganiso se-HbA1c seqiwe, imithetho elandelayo iyabonakala:

• ukudla okuphoqelekile;
• phumula kaningi futhi ugweme ukusebenza ngokweqile;
• ukusebenza ngokomzimba okuphakathi nokujwayelekile;
• ukuphathwa okuhleliwe kwamacwecwe anciphisa ushukela kanye nemijovo ye-insulin;
• ukuqapha njalo kwe-glycemia ekhaya. Uma ufisa, kungenzeka wenze ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngemithi yabantu. Ukwehla okubukhali kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated akuvunyelwe, njengoba umzimba uba umlutha we-hyperglycemia.

I-Glycosylated hemoglobin noshukela wegazi: yini ubudlelwano

Inqubo yokwenziwa kwayo iqhubeka kancane kancane futhi ngqo kuya ngenani ushukela osegazini.

Kwakhiwa ngokusebenzisana kwama-amino acid kanye noshukela, okunikeza ukusabela okuthile. Ubungako nesivinini se-hemoglobin kuhlangene kakhulu nezinga likashukela, eligcinwa egazini kuyo yonke leyo nkathi "yokuphila" yamangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

Okuqukethwe kwe-glucose okwandayo kufaka phakathi ukukhuphuka kokuhlushwa kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin. Njengoba wazi, ukwanda koshukela kuvusa ushukela. Inqubo yokuhlanganisa ama-glucose nama-molecule we-hemoglobin iba ngokushesha okukhulu, okubandakanya ukwanda kwezinga le-HbA1c.

Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ukwanda kwaso kukhulu izikhathi ezingama-2-3 kunokujwayelekile. Ekutholakalweni kwalesi sifo, inkomba ye-HbA1c ibalulekile, ngoba ikuvumela ukuthi uthole lesi sifo ekuqaleni kwesifo.

Amavidiyo ahlobene

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated kubonisani? Mayelana nokunqunywa kwamanani wokufunda kuvidiyo:

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin kwezokwelapha kunezinzuzo eziningana phezu kwezinye izifundo zoshukela wegazi. Okokuqala, ihlukaniswa ngokunemba okuphezulu kocwaningo, inquma ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela ekuqaleni kwesigaba, futhi ilawula ikhwalithi yokugcwaliseka kwemiyalelo kadokotela ngabashukela.

Lokhu kuhlaziywa kuyakwazi ukuthola ushukela wegazi ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo alunakufaka esikhundleni sokunqunywa kweshukela nge-glucometer. Ngakho-ke, lokho kuhlaziya kunikezwa ngokuhlanganiswa.