Ukuhlaziywa kwegazi le-biochemical kuyindlela enembile, efundisayo yelabhorethi yokuxilonga izifo. Ezokwelapha, isetshenziswe amashumishumi eminyaka.
Imiphumela yayo isivumela ukuba sahlulele isimo somsebenzi cishe wazo zonke izinhlaka nezinhlelo. Ngesikhathi sokufunda, izakhi ezahlukahlukene ze-serum zinqunywa, phakathi kwazo ushukela.
Ukuze uqonde kahle ukuhlaziya kwe-biochemical kwegazi ushukela, udinga ukwazi izindinganiso nezizathu zokwanda (ukuncipha) kwezinga le-glycemia.
Izinkomba zesifundo se-biochemical of plasma
Odokotela banquma ukuhlaziywa kwe-serum okwahluka-hlukeneyo ukuze kutholakale isifo, ukubhekisisa isimo somuntu kanye nokuhlola ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa. Abelaphi banikeza ukuholwa ocwaningweni olunjalo lokuvikela izifo.
Izinkomba ezingaphelele zokuhlaziywa kwe-plasma ye-biochemical yile:
- i-oncology;
- ukudakwa komzimba;
- isifo sokuqaqamba kwamathambo;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- ukudla kokudla;
- ukukhuluphala
- ukushisa i-lesion;
- i-pathologies yokutheleleka nokuvuvukala;
- ukulimazeka kwezinso;
- isifo sesibindi
- izinkinga ngokutholwa kokudla;
- isifo samathambo;
- ukushaya kwenhliziyo;
- i-toxicosis;
- ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo;
- i-hypothyroidism;
- ukuphazamiseka kwendawo;
- ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala ze-adrenal;
- ukulungiselela ukukhulelwa;
- ukutakula emuva kokusebenza;
- isimo ngaphambi nangemva kokuphuza umuthi;
- ukukhulelwa
Kunconywa ukuthatha isivivinyo sikashukela lapho umuntu enezimpawu ezinjalo:
- ukunciphisa umzimba okungenangqondo okusheshayo;
- ukukhathala okwandayo;
- ukoma okungaguquki;
- ukukhuphuka kwevolumu yomchamo nsuku zonke.
I-Serum biochemistry yokuhlushwa ushukela yenziwa uma umuntu esola ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala, lwesibili, lokuthambisa, ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose, i-pancreatitis.
Ukulungiswa kokuhlaziywa
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-biochemical, kusetshenziswa igazi elivela emthanjeni. Uthango lwenziwa elebhu ekhethekile. Imiphumela ilungile ngosuku olulandelayo. Ukwethembeka ocwaningweni kuthonywa yizici eziningana. Ngakho-ke, udokotela, enikeza umhlahlandlela wokuhlaziywa, utshela isiguli ngemithetho yokulungiselela.
Ochwepheshe baluleka ukuthi bazilungiselele ukuthola lesi sifo:
- yeka ukuphuza iziphuzo eziqukethe utshwala ngosuku ngaphambi kokuthatha igazi;
- ungabhemi amahora amabili ngaphambi kokuthatha impahla;
- isidlo sokugcina, isiphuzo kufanele kube amahora angama-8-10 ngaphambi kokuvakashela elebhu. Thatha uketshezi lwezinto eziphilayo esiswini esingenalutho. Ungaphuza kuphela amanzi;
- wenqaba ukuthatha imishanguzo ngosuku. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela akufanele bafake i-insulin noma basebenzise izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Uma ukuhoxiswa kwesikhashana kwemithi kungenzeki, khona-ke uchwepheshe welebhu noma udokotela kufanele aziswe ukuthi imiphi imishanguzo ethathwe nokuthi imuphi umthamo;
- kwenqatshelwe ukusebenzisa itshungama amahora ama-12 ngaphambi kwenqubo;
- ngaphambi kokuxilongwa, lala ngokwanele, ungachazi umzimba ngokuzivocavoca okunamandla komzimba, okuhlangenwe nakho okungokomzwelo;
- zama ukungakhathazeki ngesikhathi sokudla kwe-plasma.
I-biochemistry yegazi: ushukela ojwayelekile ngeminyaka
Izinga le-glycemia lingenye kwezinkomba ezibalulekile zokwakheka kwegazi okunegazi. Ukuhlushwa ushukela kuveza umzimba we-carbohydrate.
Lapho kubhekwa imiphumela yocwaningo, umuntu kufanele acabangele iminyaka yomuntu. Ngaphansi kwethonya lezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala, kuphakama ushukela.
Ezinganeni eziphilile ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14 ubudala, okuqukethwe ushukela kufanele kwehluka kusuka ku-3.33 kuya ku-5.55 mmol / L. Kwabesilisa nabesifazane abadala abaneminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-60, izinga elijwayelekile ngu-3.89-5.84 mmol / L. Kubantu asebekhulile, okujwayelekile ngu-6.39 mmol / L.
Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, kwenzeka izinguquko ezithile emzimbeni. Isimo soshukela emgazini we-biochemistry kwabesifazane siphezulu futhi sifinyelela ku-6.6 mmol / l. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ingozi yokuthola isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa iyanda.
Ukwehla kweglucose kuhlolo lwegazi olunamakhemikhali
Uma ukuhlelwa kokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemistry kukhombisa ukuphambuka kwezinga le-glucose kusuka kokujwayelekile, kufanelekile ukubuyisa lokho kuhlaziywa. Uma ukuhlolwa kabusha kukhombisa inani elifanayo, kuzodingeka ubone owelaphi.
I-glucose engasebenzi ikhombisa ukugula okungathi sína. Ama-pathologies wezitho ezahlukahlukene angakhuphula (ehlise) i-noshukela.
Yini ukwehlisa ukusebenza?
I-glycemia ephansi ayivelakancane. Izimo ezilandelayo ze-pathological zingehlisa inkomba ye-glucose:
- ukuntuleka kwezinto eziwusizo ngenxa yendlala, ukudla okuqinile, ukondleka okungenangqondo;
- ukuphazamiseka kumanyikwe, lapho umzimba uqala ukukhiqiza khona i-insulin ngokweqile;
- izifo ze-endocrine;
- Izinkinga zesisu namathumbu;
- ukusilela kwe-insulin;
- ukudakwa kakhulu komzimba.
Inani elingancishisiwe lingaba kwabanesifo sikashukela abafake i-insulin kakhulu kunesidingo noma baphuza umuthi onciphisa ushukela futhi abangadlanga ngesikhathi.
Yini ethuthukisa ukusebenza?
Izinga eliphakeme le-glucose kwi-serum yegazi ngokusho kwemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwe-biochemical kuvame ukubonwa ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela.
Ngalesi sifo, i-pancreas ayakhiqizi i-insulin hormone noma ihlanganiswe ngamanani anganele. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ushukela awubonwa ngamangqamuzana ezitho zomzimba futhi ugxiliswe ku-serum.
Futhi, ushukela we-plasma ukhuphuka ngalezo zimo:
- umdlavuza wepancreatic;
- i-pancreatitis
- i-hyperthyroidism;
- amazinga akhulayo ama-hormone okukhula;
- i-renal noma i-hepatic pathologies yemvelo engapheli;
- injabulo enkulu, ukucindezela;
- ukukhuphuka komthwalo kumanyikwe.
Amamaki wohlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2: yini?
Kukhona ama-enzyme okuvela kwawo kuyi-serum kukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo. Odokotela babiza izinto ezinjalo. Ukuyikhomba, kuhlolwa igazi.
Isifo sikashukela isifo sikashukela yisifo esibi futhi esingalapheki esingenzeka ngesimo sasemuva.
Namuhla ku-diabetesology kunezigaba eziyisithupha zokuthuthuka kwe-endocrine disorder ehambisana nokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin ye-pancreatic. Isakhi sofuzo somuntu sesifo sikashukela sibonakala njengenhlanganisela yezakhi zofuzo. Amamaki efomu lokuxhomekeka kwe-insulin ahlukaniswe ngofuzo, umzimba kanye ne-immunological.
Ukuhlonza lesi sifo kusenesikhathi, ukulawula inqubo yezifo, odokotela banikeza umnikelo wegazi ukuthola amasosha omzimba ku:
- iziqithi zeLangerhans (ICA). Lokhu kungamamaki okuthuthuka kokukhula kwesimo sokuqala sikashukela; kutholakala egazini eminyakeni eyi-1-8 ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimpawu zokuqala ze-malaise. I-ICA itholakala ngokwephula ukwakheka kwe-insulin ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezinobuthi, amagciwane, ingcindezi. Ama-antibodies anjalo atholakala kuma-40% eziguli ezinhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela;
- i-tyrosine phosphatase (anti-IA-2). Ukuba khona komaka onjalo kukhombisa ukubhujiswa kwamaseli we-pancreatic beta. Kutholakala kubantu abangama-55% abanohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela;
- insulin (IAA). Lezi yizinto ezikhiqizwa amasosha omzimba ngokwawo noma ngaphezu kwalokho ezilawulwa ngama-insulin. Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sefomu lokuqala, lesi simaki sikhuphuka ngamaphesenti angama-20 kuphela;
- glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD). Babanjwa iminyaka emi-5 ngaphambi kokubonakaliswa kokuqala kwesimo esincike kwisifo sikashukela.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-C-peptide nakho kuyenziwa. Lokhu okumaka kuthathwa njengokuzinzile kakhulu kune-insulin. Ngokukhanyisa kwesifo sikashukela, okuqukethwe kwe-C-peptide kuyancipha futhi kukhombisa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin endulin.
Ukuthayipha kwe-HLA nakho kuyaqhubeka. Umaka we-HLA ubonwa njengowunolwazi kakhulu futhi unembile mayelana nokuxilongwa: kutholakale abantu abangama-77% abanesifo sikashukela.
Lapho uhlela ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngokuhlaziywa kwe-biochemical, abaningi banesifiso sezindleko zokuhlolwa okunjalo. Intengo yokuhlolwa kwe-plasma kwe-glucose ne-glycated hemoglobin cishe ama-ruble angama-900.
Ukukhonjwa kwenkimbinkimbi yama-autoimmune markers (amasosha omzimba ukukhipha i-decarboxylase, insulin, tyrosine phosphatase, islets of Langerhans) kuzobiza ama-ruble angama-4000. Izindleko zokunquma i-C-peptide zingama-350, ama-antibodies kuma-insulin - ama-ruble angama-450.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Mayelana nezinkomba zokuhlaziywa kwegazi nge-biochemical kule vidiyo:
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali we-serum kokuqukethwe ushukela kukuvumela ukuthi uxilonge i-pathology kusesekuqaleni. Kwenziwa elebhu futhi kudinga ukuthi isiguli silandele imithetho yokulungiselela. Ucwaningo luvumela ukutholwa okufika ngesikhathi kwezinkinga ze-endocrine futhi kugweme izinkinga zesifo sikashukela.
