Kukhona izingxoxo eziningi maqondana nezinzuzo nokulimala kwabaswidi nabamnandi.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukucabanga ngama-sweeteners athile kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni sikashukela, kuzodingeka kuchazwe imininingwane ethile kwabangewona ongoti indlela yokuthola ubumnandi bezinto.
Ubumnandi bukalwa kanjani?
Umuzwa wokunambitha unamqondo ophansi futhi ungahluka kumuntu oyedwa - womabili ngenxa yesimo esithile somzimba, futhi ngokuya ngesimo sokunambitheka.
Kwezinye izimo, umehluko ngokujwayelekile ungaba ngumbala (umfundi onesifiso, ngokwesibonelo, angabheka i-Wikipedia Article ngemiphumela ye -angaliso), futhi ngenxa yalokho abaphathi abaqeqeshiwe bavame ukukuhlanza umlomo ngokuthile “okungahlukanisi” phakathi kokunquma ukunambitheka komkhiqizo (imvamisa ngamanzi ahlanzekile) noma itiye elikhiqizwe buthaka).
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuzwela kwezithelo zokunambitha kuncike kakhulu ekubandakanyekeni kwento yokuhlola: imvamisa ngokuvamile kunokubukeka okumile okwe-S - okunomkhawulo ophansi (wokusika) kanye nongaphezulu (umkhando).
Ngakho-ke, ukuqhathanisa imizwa yobumnandi obuvela ezintweni ezihlukile, qhubeka ngale ndlela elandelayo: njengeyunithi “yobumnandi”, thatha isisombululo esisha se-5-10% (kufanele kube okusha ngenxa ye-hydrolysis ezimele engaba khona yale disaccharide ibe izingxenye - α-glucose ne-β-fructose) futhi ngiqhathanise njalo imizwa evela kuyo nento yokuhlola.
Uma ubumnandi obunesimo “bungalingani”, khona-ke isixazululo sokuqala sokuhlola sixutshwe inani le-nth izikhathi (kuvame ukusetshenziselwa isilinganiselo kanambambili - 2, 4, 8, njalonjalo) kuze kube yilapho imizwa “ihlangana”.
Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi konke ukulinganisa kobumnandi kuyimpikiswano kakhulu, futhi ibinzana elithi "le nto inempilo ephindwe kayinkulungwane kunoshukela" ibonisa kuphela izinga le-dilution lapho liqhathaniswa nobumnandi nesixazululo esingenhla (kungenzeka futhi ukuthi into leyo ke ithathwe ngendlela eyomile ehlanganisiwe kuvela ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, umunyu omubi).
Umehluko phakathi kwe-sweetener ne-sweetener
Ama-sweeteners ajwayele ukuqondwa okusho izinto ezinambitha ubumnandi ezisetshenziselwa ukunika ubumnandi emkhiqizweni wokudla esikhundleni seshukela - njengomthetho, ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwekhalori kulelo zinga lobuzwa lobumnandi.
Ngokwephuzu lokubukwa kwe-International Association of Abenzi be-Sweeteners kanye ne-Low-calorie Products (iCalorie Control Council), izikhala zikashukela kufanele zifake kuphela i-fructose monosaccharide kanye ne-polyhydric alcohols efana ne-sorbitol ne-xylitol, nezinye izinto ezimnandi ezingabandakanyeki kumetabolism yabantu (ene-zero energy value) iqembu lama-sweeteners amakhulu.
Izinzuzo nokulimala kwama-glucose analogues
Ngokwephuzu lokubukwa kwesiguli sikashukela, zonke izinto, indlela ethile noma enye inqubo yokucushwa kwe-metabolic umzimba okhiqiza i-glucose, ingaba yingozi (noma okungenani - idinga ukucatshangelwa kubalo le-glucose elijwayelekile).
Ngakho-ke, i-fructose (i-isomer ye-glucose eguqulwa kalula ibe emzimbeni) kanye ne-sucrose (i-disaccharide ehlanganisa izinsalela ze-fructose ne-glucose) zingaba yingozi kubo, yize kukudla okuphakathi nendawo okujwayelekile kanye nama-metabolites ajwayelekile omzimba womuntu.
I-Aspartame kufanele icatshangelwe ngokuhlukile, ngoba emzimbeni womuntu ibunjiwe ibe ama-asidi amabili wokugaya ukudla kanye ne-methanol molecule - futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu akukanconywa ukuyisebenzisa kabi (ngokwesibonelo, ukuthatha ngaphezu kwe-50 mg ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo somzimba).
Iphinde ibhalwe ngenxa yabantu abahlushwa i-phenylketonuria, yingakho imikhiqizo equkethe i-aspartame kufanele ibe nesexwayiso "equkethe umthombo we-phenylalanine" kwiphakheji.
Izimiso ezingekho emthethweni ezinjenge-cyclamate futhi, ikakhulukazi, i-saccharin zisetshenziswa ezimeni eziningi ngenxa yokushibhile - yingakho manje uvame ukuthola isaccharin kumayonnaise neminye imikhiqizo yokudla eyenziwe ngekhompiyutha “kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obulula”.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo ezinoshukela
Ngokwengxenye, zingahlukaniswa zibe yimvelo (zibe nokusatshalaliswa kwemvelo okubanzi njengezinto zemvelo “ubuncane” kweminye imikhiqizo) kanye nokwenziwe (okwenziwe ngaphansi kwemibandela yokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali athile).
Ngezansi kunencazelo emfushane kakhulu yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, okubonisa inani labo lokubhaliswa kokungezelelwa kokudla (uma kukhona) kanye nezinga labo “lobumnandi” elisondele.
Ngokwemvelo
Ukufaka imvelo kufaka:
- i-fructose - i-monosaccharide ebanzi yemvelo, i-metabolite yemvelo kanye ne-isomer ye-glucose (ubumnandi 1.75);
- i-sorbitol (E420) - i-hexatomic alcohol, ejwayelekile emvelweni, enenani lamandla elingaphansi kwezikhathi eziyi-1.5 lelo le-sucrose (ubumnandi 0.6);
- xylitol (E967) - utshwala bemvelo be-pentatomic, obusondelene ne-sucrose ekulinganiselweni kwamandla (ubumnandi 1.2);
- i-stevioside (E960) - kungalimali futhi kuqedwe kalula emzimbeni we-polycyclic glycoside ekhiqizwa kusuka ekhishwe yezitshalo zohlobo lweStevia (ubumnandi 300).
Okokwakha
Iqembu labenzi bezinwebisi eliyinqumayo linquma:
- i-saccharin (i-sodium saccharinate, E954) - isakhi se-heterocyclic sesigaba se-imide, esisetshenziswa ngendlela kasawoti waso, siyingxenye ye-sweetener ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo "sukrazit" (ubumnandi 350, bunganikeza ukunambitheka okungathandeki "metallic" emlonyeni);
- cyclamate (sodium cyclamate, E952) - into yekilasi le-sulfate, i-carcinogen kanye ne-teratogen engavunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe (ubumnandi be-30);
- i-aspartame (i-methyl ester ye-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine, E951) - ngokusemthethweni kungabikwa amaprotheni, amunca umzimba, amakhalori aphansi (ubumnandi be-150);
- i-sucralose (trichlorogalactosaccharose, E955) - Ukuphuma kwe-chlorine kwe-galactosaccharose, okwenziwe ngoshukela (ubumnandi 500).
Yibaphi oshukela abangakusebenzisa abanesifo sikashukela?
Ezikhundleni ezinoshukela, abaneshukela kufanele bakhiphe i-fructose ne-cyclamate kuphela.
Yize i-sucralose ikhiqizwa kusuka ku-sucrose, kubhekwa njengengabathokozi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, ngoba ama-85% aqedwa masinyane emthombeni owodwa ongene emzimbeni womuntu, kuthi okuseleyo okungu-15% kuvame ukukhishwa kungakapheli amahora angama-24.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Mayelana nezinzuzo nokulimala kwabaswidi kule vidiyo:
