Ukulwa nephropathy ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela: ukwelashwa nokuvimbela

I-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela yisifo esivela ekushintsheni kwezakhi zomzimba emithanjeni yezinso.

Ibonakala ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ukuncipha kwekhono lokuhlunga kwesitho, i-proteinuria, i-hypertension syndrome, i-uremia.

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwalesi sifo kuhloselwe ukuvikela ukwehluleka okungapheli kwe-renal. Izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo zifaka ukuqapha izinga le-glucose ku-plasma, kulandela izincomo zikadokotela.

Izimbangela ze-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela siwumphumela wezinkinga zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela. Kutholakala ngamaphesenti angamashumi amabili abantu abahlushwa isifo "esimnandi".

Imvamisa, amadoda ayagula ngokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela se-degree yokuqala ebusheni.

I-Nephropathy iyimbangela eyinhloko yokufa kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, ngoba zidala umonakalo emithanjeni yomzimba wonke, kufaka phakathi izinso, isimiso sezinzwa namehlo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kwenzeka kancane kancane. Cishe kuphele iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu kusukela lapho isifo sikashukela sitholakala ekuqaleni kwezimpawu zomtholampilo ze-nephropathy.

Isici esiyisisekelo esivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zezinso ushukela wegazi ophezulu. I-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela kwenzeka ngokuphulwa isikhathi eside kwe-carbohydrate metabolism.

I-Glycemia iholela ezinguqukweni zamakhemikhali wezinto eziphilayo:

1. umsebenzi osebenzayo we-renal glomeruli uyancipha. I-glycosylation yabo yenzeka - ukwengeza ushukela owedlulele kuma-molecule e-organic;
2. ukuphazamisa amanzi-electrolyte homeostasis. Kunzima ukushintshanisa okunamafutha acid nokuhambisa emzimbeni we-oxygen;
3. ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngokungafanele i-glucose, umphumela wayo onobuthi ezicutshini zezinso uyenzeka. Imikhumbi yabo iba yimbi kakhulu;
4. i-arterial hypertension kuholela ekuphulweni kwesakhiwo se-glomeruli yesitho. Inqubo ithinta umsebenzi wabo wokuhlunga. Ukwehluleka okungapheli kwezinso kuqala;
5. iziguli ezinesifo sofuzo zivame ukugula.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ezinesifo sikashukela

I-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela iba kancane. Kuboniswa isikhathi eside se-asymptomatic.

Izimpawu zemitholampilo ziyavela kancane kancane:

1. ekuqaleni kwesifo, i-glomeruli ye-hypertrophy yezinso, inwebeka ngosayizi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhamba kwegazi kuyakhuphuka, izinga lokuhlunga kwe-glomerular liyakhuphuka. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana, kwenzeka izinguquko ezihlelekile esakhiweni;
2. ekuqhubekeni kwesifo, izinso ziqala ukukhipha i-albhamuin. Ukukhishwa kwalawa maprotheni anezimpawu zomchamo kulimaza ubukhazikhazi besitho. Kwesinye isikhathi iziguli zikhononda ngokuxhuma kwegazi;
3. ngokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, inhlala-kahle yesiguli iyanda. Kukhona i-proteinuria. Amaprotheni kumchamo afinyelela kuma-300 mg ngosuku. Inqubo engenakulungiswa yokulimala kwezinso iqala. I-Nephrotic syndrome iyavela, ukuvuvukala kuyavela;
4. isigaba esibulalayo sibonakala ngokuncipha okukhulu kumthamo wokuhlunga kwesitho, inani lamaprotheni kumchamo liyenyuka, izinga le-urea ne-creatinine egazini liyakhuphuka.

Ngokuqhubeka kwesifo, ushukela wegazi awukhuphukeli emazingeni abucayi, isidingo se-hormone engaphandle siyancipha. I-Hypertension kanye ne-uremic syndrome kukhula ngokushesha. Kunezimpawu zobuthi ngemikhiqizo ye-metabolic, ukulimala kwezitho eziningi zomzimba.

Ukuxilonga

Ukuvimbela izinkinga ezingaba khona ezivela ku-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuxilongwa ngokufanele kusenesikhathi.

Udokotela ubeka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa komchamo: i-biochemistry, jikelele, ukuhlolwa kukaZimnitsky. Kuyadingeka futhi ukwenza i-ultrasound yemikhumbi yezinso.

Lapho ehlola imiphumela, udokotela udonsela ukunakekela ekwabelweni kwe-albhamuin nsuku zonke ngomchamo, izinga lokuhlunga.Lapho lesi sifo siqhubeka, kukhuphuka inani lamaprotheni omchamo. Ukushintshwa kwezinkomba zokucindezela kwegazi endaweni enkulu nako kukhombisa ukukhula kwesifo.

Ezigabeni zakamuva, kutholakala izimpawu ze-anemia, acidosis, hypocalcemia, izinga le-urea likhuphuka. Isiguli sinokuvuvukala okukhulu kobuso nomzimba.

Ukwelashwa kwe-nephropathy kushukela

Izindlela zokwelapha zokwelapha lesi sifo kuhloswe ngazo ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinso nasezinhlizweni. Isiguli sinqunyelwe ukulawulwa okuthuthukisiwe kwamazinga we-glucose, ingcindezi, ukuhambisana nezincomo zokudla okufanele, indlela yokuphila enempilo.

Yiziphi izidakamizwa zokwelapha?

Isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin sidinga ukulungiswa kokwelashwa kwehomoni. Lapho unquma izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela, umuntu kufanele abheke ukuthi umuthi udonswa kanjani emzimbeni.

Ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi, faka:

• Lisinopril, enalapril;
• ama-blockers wesiteshi se-calcium (i-verapamide) nama-angiotensin receptors (losartan);
• ama-saluretics: I-Furosemide, i-Indapamide.

Uma isiguli sine-cholesterol ephezulu, sinikezwa ama-statin nama-fibrate.

Esigabeni esibulalayo sesi sifo, ukwelashwa kuyadingeka ukukhipha umzimba. Udokotela unquma ama-sorbents, izidakamizwa ukwenza amazinga we-hemoglobin ajwayelekile. Isiguli siyalungiswa ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela.

Ukudla Kwezinso

Iziguli zinikezwa indlela yokudla engenawo usawoti. Ukudla akufanele kube namaprotheni amaningi ezilwane, ama-carbohydrate, i-potassium, i-phosphorus.

Ukwelapha ngemithi yendabuko

Imiyalelo yekhemisi likazwelonke izosebenza kuphela ekuqaleni kwesifo. Ungasebenzisa:

1. ama-decoctions we-lingonberry, izithelo ezi-rowan, ama-sitrobheli, ama-cranberries, okhalweni. Baneqhaza ekujezisweni kwemisebenzi yezinso;
2. ukumiswa kweqabunga lebhontshisi owomile. Amagremu angamashumi amahlanu wezinto ezingavuthiwe athululelwa ilitha lamanzi abilayo, zime amahora amathathu. Phuza isigamu sengilazi ngenyanga. Ithuluzi lilawula ushukela wegazi, linomphumela omuhle ezinso;
3. i-olive, i-lineded uwoyela. I-cholesterol ephansi. Umthamo onconyiwe amathisipuni amabili. Umkhiqizo ungezwa ekudleni;
4. ukumnika kwe-birch efihlekile. Kuzosiza ukusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba. Izipuni ezimbili zomkhiqizo zithululelwa ngamanzi ku-thermos, faka imizuzu engamashumi amathathu. Phuza ingilazi yesine izikhathi ezine ngosuku.

I-Hemodialysis kanye ne-peritoneal dialysis

Uma isimo siba sibi kakhulu, isiguli sinqunywa inqubo yokuhlanza igazi ngedivayisi ekhethekile noma ngomgodi wesisu.

Akunakwenzeka ukwelapha izinso ngale ndlela, ungakwazi ukusekela ukusebenza kwazo kuphela. Ukukhwabanisa kweziguli eziningi kubekezelelwa ngokujwayelekile. Ngokusebenzisa i-hemodialysis, kusetshenziswa insiza ye-dialyzer.

Igazi elikuyo lihlanzwa ubuthi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze ukulingana okujwayelekile kwe-electrolyte ne-alkaline emzimbeni. Inqubo yenziwa kathathu ngesonto amahora amahlanu esibhedlela. I-Peritoneal dialysis iboniswa lapho i-hemodialysis ingenzeki.

Igazi lihlanjululwa nge-peritoneum, eyi-dialyzer. Ukukhwabanisa kwenziwa esibhedlela nasekhaya, okungenani kabili ngesonto. Isiguli singathola ukuvuvukala kwe-peritoneum, i-hernia, nezinkinga zokuchama.

Izincomo zokwelashwa kanye nokuvimbela

Uma ukugula kutholakale sekwephuzile, isiguli sikhonjiswa inqubo ye-hemodialysis, ukufakelwa kwengxenye ethintekile.

Ukuvimbela i-nephropathy kuqukethe ukubheka isiguli nge-endocrinologist, isazi sezempilo, ekuqondisweni kokulashwa okufika ngesikhathi.

Isiguli kufanele silawule izinga le-glycemia, ingcindezi, uthathe imishanguzo ebekwe udokotela, idle ngakwesokudla, isebenzise imiyalo yekhemisi likazwelonke, ibandakanyeka kwezemidlalo okungenzeka, igweme ukucabanga nemikhuba emibi.

Amavidiyo ahlobene

Mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-nephropathy kwisifo sikashukela kuvidiyo:

Izigaba zokuqala ze-nephropathy azivezi ngezimpawu zomtholampilo, eziyinkimbinkimbi yokuxilongwa kwalesi sifo. Ingakapheli iminyaka embalwa yokuthola isifo sikashukela, isiguli sakha i-proteinuria, umfutho wegazi uyakhuphuka, ukuphefumula, izinhlungu esifubeni, ukuvuvukala okunzima. Umgomo wokwelashwa ukuvikela ukwenzeka kwezinkinga okubangelwa ukulimala kwemithambo.

Ukuvakashela njalo kudokotela, ukuhlolwa, ukuqapha amazinga kashukela egazini, ukulandela izincomo ezibekiwe kuzosiza ukukhomba ukugula kusenesikhathi futhi kuvikele ukuvela kokungaphatheki kahle kwe-renal.