Isifo sikashukela isifo esidala ukwanda kwesifo sikhula ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amane. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezithile, ushukela ungakhula esemncane kakhulu.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kunokuthambekela ekwandeni kokuwohloka kwengane nengqondo emhlabeni wonke.
Ochwepheshe bachaza lokhu ngesenzo sezinto ezimbalwa, kepha ukuxilongwa kwesifo esifike ngesikhathi kubalulekile njalo. Yiziphi izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela entsheni?
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela eshumini elineminyaka yobudala eli-12-16
Iningi lezimpawu zomuntu osemusha onesifo sikashukela ziyefana nezimpawu zalesi sifo kubantu abadala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombe somtholampilo wesimo sabantu abasebasha sikhumbuza kakhulu ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela kubantu abadala kunakwizingane zeqembu elincane.
Isikhathi sokugcina sale sifo ebusheni singagcina inyanga eyodwa kuya ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Kulokhu, izimpawu zanda ngokushelela futhi ziyahlukahluka ekubukekeni kokuphendula komzimba kubantu abadala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi intsha ingena ekushintsheni kwama-hormonal kanye nokushintsha komzimba okudlula ngezimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-insulin.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kuphawuleka ngokukhathala okwandayo, ubuthakathaka kanye nokuvela kwekhanda elijwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafana futhi bavame ukubonakala bengafaneleki, ulaka, ukunakwa okuphazamisekile.
Isibonakaliso esibonakalayo sokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo ebusheni ukwehla okukhulu esimweni sesikhumba nezinwele. Amathumba, ibhali, ukucasuka kwesikhumba kwenzeka.
I-Stomatitis ingahle ikhule. Isicanucanu nokuhlanza kuyabonakala futhi, okuba njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma ukuxilongwa kungekenziwa ngesikhathi, ukuphuma komzimba kwenzeka, kubuhlungu esiswini.
Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 lubonakala ngokuthi ebusheni isikhathi eside kakhulu azikho izimpawu zokubonakala kwalesi sifo ezibonakalayo. Azikho ngaphezu kwesihlanu seziguli ezive eshumini nambili ezikhononda ngezimpawu ezinjengokoma nomlomo owomile.
Ngasikhathi sinye, isifo sikashukela siveza yonke inkimbinkimbi yezimpawu ezijwayelekile zokwelashwa, njengokuthi:
- izifo ezingapheli;
- ukukhuluphala
- ukwephulwa kokuchama.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bobabili i-polyuria kanye nobunzima bokuchama kungabonakala. Imvamisa, lezi zimpawu ziyisisekelo sokwenza ukuxilongwa okungalungile, ngoba isifo sikashukela ngalesi sikhathi sisenzakalo esingajwayelekile.
Ngakho-ke, isifo sohlobo lwesibili sivame ukutholwa ngengozi, ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala sitholakala kaningi ngenxa yobukhona bezimpawu eziyingozi neziphazamisayo.
Ushukela wegazi
Ngenxa yobunzima bomzimba ngesikhathi sokufikisa, izinga le-insulin egazini liphezulu kakhulu kubantu abasha kunakwabadala.
Lokhu kungenxa yokukhiqizwa okwandayo kwe-testosterone ne-hormone yokukhula, okuholela ekuwohlokeni okusebenzayo kwamafutha. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kwamafutha egazi kanye nokwehla kokuzwela komzimba kwe-insulin.
Imvamisa, ushukela wegazi kwintsha yaya bobabili ubulili abaneminyaka eyi-13-16 isukela ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.5 mmol. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhuphuka kwezinga likashukela kuze kufike ku-6.5-6.8 mmol akusona isizathu sokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela, ngoba kungenziwa ngezinye izizathu.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhuphuka kwezinga likashukela kuye kuma-6.5 mmol kungakhombisa ukukhula kwe-prediabetes - isimo lapho lesi sifo singakaqali khona, kepha ushintsho lwe-pathological emzimbeni seluvele lwenzeka.
Izici zenkathi yesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezisakhula
Ngokungeziwe ekuthuthukisweni okwanele kwe-asymptomatic, inkambo yesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ihlukile kwezinye izici.Ezimweni eziningi, kuba nokwanda kwesibindi, okunyamalala ngemuva kokujwayelekile kwamazinga kashukela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mucosa yomlomo iba nezinguquko ezinkulu ze-pathological - ukoma, ukuvela kuyabonakala, i-gingivitis kanye nokubola kwamazinyo okuthuthuka ngokushesha kungenzeka.
Izinguquko ezivame kakhulu, ezibuthakathaka kwezikhalaphama ziyabonakala. Ngokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, izinguquko emisindweni yenhliziyo zinokwenzeka, ukububula okuqondakalayo okubonakalayo kwe-systolic. I-pulse iyancipha, umfutho wegazi uyancipha.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi kube khona ushintsho kuyi-myocardium ebonakalayo ku-cardiogram Ukuthuthuka okungalawulwa sikashukela entsheni kuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.
Ngaphezu kwezinguquko ezijwayelekile ze-pathological e-retina yeso ne-visual, kanye nezinye izinzwa, kanye nomonakalo wezinso nasistimu yethambo, ezinye izinkinga zingabonakala.
Ngakho-ke, isifo sikashukela kungaholela ekukhuleni emuva kwengane, kanye nokuphazamisa ukuthomba.
Ubuhlungu esibindini ngisho nokukhula kwe-cirrhosis kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo sikashukela esakhula singenye yezimbangela zesifo sofuba, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi kuqashwe isimo samaphaphu.
Izimiso zokwelashwa
Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokwelashwa ukuhlinzekwa kokwelashwa ngezidakamizwa, futhi uma kunesidingo, ukuphathwa kwe-insulin njalo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuhambisana nokudla kanye nezincomo ezijwayelekile zokuhlanzeka.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin ebusheni ukwethulwa kwe-insulin elula, kanye nezidakamizwa ezisebenza isikhathi eside.
Okokuqala, kusetshenziswa i-insulin "esheshayo". Kuyadingeka ukukhetha umthamo osuselwa ku-glycosuria yansuku zonke yentsha, uyinciphise ngo-5% ushukela wokudla. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iyunithi elilodwa le-insulin liyadingeka ukuze kulahlwe amayunithi ama-5 kashukela.
I-insulin esheshayo ihanjiswa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku. Ngemijovo emithathu yansuku zonke, kubalulekile ukuthi umjovo wakusihlwa ungeqi amayunithi ayisithupha omuthi, ngaphandle kwalokho ingozi yokuhlakulela i-hypoglycemia iphezulu. Ukwanda noma ukuncipha komthamo, ngokususelwa ekufundeni kwemitha, kumele kwenzeke kancane kancane, amayunithi ama-5 njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Umthamo we-insulin isikhathi eside kufanele ube u-½ noma u-1/3 wethamo elijwayelekile.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ingahanjiswa ngokushesha ngemuva komjovo ojwayelekile, kusetshenziswa inalithi esele ifakiwe.
Ngokuqala kwe-insulin ende, inaliti kufanele ithuthukiswe ijule kancane. Okubaluleke kakhulu ekwelashweni ukuqapha isimo esivamile sesiguli esisesincane. Ngokunikezwa kwezimpawu zokusebenza kwengqondo kwentsha, kuyaqabukela angakwazi ukulawula isimo sakhe.
Kunzima kosemusha ukubona izincomo zokudla nokuhlanzeka okuqinile, ukugwema ukuvezwa isikhathi eside kulabo abangafuneki kwabanesifo sikashukela, ukusebenza ngokweqile, nokuhambisana nohlobo. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka ukuthi kuqashelwe ukuthambekela kwengane okufushane ngaso sonke isikhathi kodwa kuyaqhubeka.
Ukudla okuphansi kwe-carb kwabanesifo sikashukela abasebasha
Imigomo yokudla okuphansi kwe-carb kwentsha enesifo sikashukela ukunciphisa ukuncipha kwabo kwamafutha nama-carbohydrate futhi kuvimbele ukubukeka kwesisindo esengeziwe.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukunakwa okukhulu kufanele kukhokhwe ekudleni okuphelele futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomzimba ezikhulayo ngamandla nangamavithamini.
Kungcono ukuthatha izidlo amahlandla ama-4-5 ngosuku, ngenkathi ulandela ngokuqinile ukudliwa kwansuku zonke okusetshenziselwe abanesifo sikashukela. Okokuqala, kufanelekile ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo eminingana - ushukela, isitashi samazambane njengengxenye yemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene eseqediwe akufanele kudliwe nhlobo.
Kufanele zithathelwe indawo amazambane, angaqedwa afinyelela ku-400 amagremu, izithelo ezintsha ezingafakiwe nezithelo ezomisiwe - kuze kufike kumagremu angama-20 ngosuku. Ukugcizelelwa okuyinhloko ekudleni kuzinhlanzi nezitsha zenyama ngokufakwa kwemifino. Osemusha uvunyelwe ukuthi adle amagremu angama-150 enyama afinyelela ku-70 amagremu ezinhlanzi ngosuku.
Imvelo yemifino ngu-300 amagremu. Imikhiqizo yobisi nayo kufanele ikhawulelwe, kepha ayemukeleki ukuyisusa ngokuphelele ekudleni.
Amagremu ayikhulu ushizi we-cottage ushizi ongafika ku-400 amagremu wemikhiqizo yobisi azonikeza i-calcium futhi enze ngcono ukugaya kwentsha ene-kishukela.
Imithombo yamafutha ezilwane afana nebhotela, ushizi kanye no-ukhilimu omuncu futhi akumele ingafakwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, le mikhiqizo, njengokusanhlamvu ene-pasta, akufanele ifakwe ngokungajwayelekile nangokuqapha kwimenyu, iqaphe ukufundwa kwe-glucose.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Mayelana nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela kwintsha kwividiyo:
Ukuhambisana nazo zonke izincomo kubalulekile kumuntu onesifo sikashukela ebusheni futhi kuzosiza ukugwema i-pathologies ebalulekile nokubambezeleka kokuthuthuka.
