Ukuvalwa kwesifo sikashukela: Izibalo Zama-Epidemiology kanye neZifo eMhlabeni

Isifo sikashukela kuyinkinga enkulu yezokwelapha neyenhlalo ekhula phambili minyaka yonke. Ngenxa yokwanda kwaso, lesi sifo sithathwa njengobhubhane olungatheleleki.

Kukhona futhi nomkhuba wokukhulisa isibalo seziguli ezinale nkinga ezihambisana nomsebenzi wamanyikwe.

Kuze kube manje, ngokusho kwe-WHO, lesi sifo sithinta cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-246 emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokusho kwesimo sezulu, leli nani lingacishe liphindwe kabili.

Ukubaluleka kwenkinga yezenhlalo kukhuliswa iqiniso lokuthi lesi sifo siholela ekukhubazekeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokufa kwabantu ngenxa yezinguquko ezingenakuphikiswa ezivela ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngabe sibi kangakanani ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela emhlabeni?

Izibalo zikashukela womhlaba

Isifo sikashukela yisifo se-hyperglycemia esingamahlalakhona.

Okwamanje, imbangela eqondile yalesi sifo ayaziwa. Ingavela lapho kutholakala noma yiziphi iziphazamiso eziphazamisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwezakhi zeseli.

Izizathu ezivusa ukubukeka kwalesi sifo zingabikwa ukuthi: izilonda ezinzima futhi eziyingozi zamaphaphu wesimo esingamahlalakhona, ukuqina kwethambo kwezinye izindlala ze-endocrine (i-pituitary, adrenal gland, gland yegilo), umphumela wezinto ezinobuthi kanye nokutheleleka. Isikhathi eside kakhulu, isifo sikashukela siye sabonwa njengesici esiyingozi esiyinhloko sokubonakala kwezifo zohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo.

Ngenxa yokubonakaliswa okuhlala njalo kwezimpawu zemithambo yegazi, inhliziyo, ubuchopho noma ukuvela okuvela ngemuva kwesizinda sokulawula okuphezulu kwe-hypoglycemic, isifo sikashukela sithathwa njengesifo se-vascular real.

Isifo sikashukela sivame ukuholela ezifweni zesistimu yenhliziyo

EYurophu, kunabantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezingama-250 abanesifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elihlaba umxhwele alisoli ngisho nokuba khona kokugula uqobo ngokwalo.

Isibonelo, eFrance, ukukhuluphala kwenzeka kubantu abacishe babe yizigidi eziyi-10, okuyimfuneko yokuqala ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Lesi sifo sivusa ukubukeka kwezinkinga ezingathandeki, ezikhulisa isimo kuphela.

Izibalo Zikazifo Zomhlaba:

1. iminyaka yobudala. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ososayensi lukhombisa ukuthi ukubhebhetheka kwesifo sikashukela kuphakeme kakhulu kunalezi ezirekhodiwe izikhathi eziyi-3.3 ezigulini ezineminyaka engu-29- 38, izikhathi ezi-4,3 zeminyaka engama-41-48, izikhathi ezingama-2.3 kwabangu-50 -Ineminyaka engama -58 ubudala nezikhathi ezingama-2.7 kwabaneminyaka engama-60-70;
2. ubulili Ngenxa yezimpawu zomzimba, abesifazane banesifo sikashukela kaningi kakhulu kunamadoda. Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo luvela kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-30. Kakhulu ngabesifazane abahlushwa yikho kaningi. Kepha uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela cishe luhlala lutholakala kulabo bantu abakhuluphele. Njengomthetho, bayagula abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-44;
3. isilinganiso sezehlakalo. Uma sibheka izibalo ezinsimini yezwe lethu, singaphetha ngokuthi phakathi nenkathi kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000 yaphetha ngonyaka we-2009, izehlakalo phakathi kwabantu sezicishe zaphindeka kabili. Njengomthetho, kuvame kakhulu uhlobo lwesibili lokugula okugula. Emhlabeni jikelele, cishe ama-90% wabo bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela abahlushwa uhlobo lwesibili lokuphazamiseka okuhambisana nokusebenza kabi kwepancreatic.

Kepha isilinganiso sesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa sikhuphuke sisuka ku-0,04 saya ku-0,24%. Lokhu kungenxa yokwenyuka kwesibalo sabantu besifazane abakhulelwe maqondana nenqubomgomo yezenhlalo yamazwe, okuhloswe ngayo ukukhuphula izinga lokuzalwa, kanye nokwethulwa kokuxilongwa kokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela esisheshayo.

Uma sibheka izibalo zokuvela kwalesi sifo ezinganeni nasentsheni, singathola amanani ashaqisayo: imvamisa lesi sifo sithinta izingane ezisukela eminyakeni engu-9 kuye kweli-15.

Ukudlanga kwezinkinga ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela siyinkinga hhayi yezwe lethu kuphela, kodwa yomhlaba wonke. Inani labanesifo sikashukela liyanda nsuku zonke.

Uma sinaka izibalo, singaphetha ngokuthi emhlabeni wonke, babalelwa ezigidini ezingama-371 abantu abanalesi sifo. Futhi lokhu, okwesibili, kunjalo impela ama-7.1% wabantu emhlabeni wonke.

Isizathu esikhulu sokubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo se-endocrine ukuguquka kwesisekelo kwendlela yokuphila. Ngokusho kososayensi, uma isimo singaguquki sibe ngcono, lapho-ke kungaba ngu-2030 inani leziguli lizokwanda amahlandla ambalwa.

Izinga lamazwe anesibalo esiphezulu soshukela lifaka okulandelayo:

1. India Cishe ziyizigidi ezingama-51
2. China - izigidi ezingama-44;
3. I-United States of America - 27;
4. I-Russian Federation - i-10;
5. EBrazil - 8;
6. EJalimane - 7.7;
7. Pakistan - 7.3;
8. Japan - 7;
9. I-Indonesia - 6.9;
10. IMexico - 6.8.

Iphesenti elihlaba umxhwele lesilinganiso sezehlakalo latholakala e-United States. Kuleli lizwe, cishe u-21% wabantu uhlushwa isifo sikashukela. Kepha ezweni lethu, izibalo zincane - cishe ziyi-6%.

Noma kunjalo, noma ngabe iqiniso lokuthi ezweni lethu izinga lesifo aliphezulu kangako e-United States, ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi maduze nje izinkomba zingasondela e-US. Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo sizobizwa ngokuthi ubhubhane.

Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, senzeka kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-29. Ezweni lethu, lesi sifo sisheshe sibe sibancane: okwamanje kutholakala ezigulini ezisukela eminyakeni eyi-11 kuye kwengu-17.

Izinombolo ezethusayo zinikezwa izibalo maqondana nalabo bantu abasanda kuphumelela ukuhlolwa.

Cishe ingxenye yabo bonke abakhileyo kulo mhlaba abazi nokuthi ukugula sekuvele kubalindele. Lokhu kusebenza ekufeni. Lesi sifo singakhula isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokukhombisa ukuthi azikho izimpawu zokulimala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni amaningi athuthukile ngokwezomnotho lesi sifo asitholwa njalo ngendlela efanelekile.

Yize iqiniso lokuthi ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela kubhekwa njengento ephansi kakhulu emazweni ase-Afrika, kulapho liphezulu kakhulu inani labantu abangakakutholi ukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Sonke isizathu sisezingeni eliphansi lokufunda nokubhala nokungazi ngalesi sifo.

Ukudlanga kwezinkinga kubantu abanezinhlobo zombili zesifo sikashukela

Njengoba wazi, kuba nezinkinga ezinkulu ezingaletha izinkinga eziningi.

Ziwusongo olukhulu empilweni yabantu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izifunda ezikhula isikhathi eside esikhathini esincane.

Kungaba ngisho namahora ambalwa. Imvamisa, ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kuholela ekufeni. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukunikeza usizo olufanele ngokushesha. Kunokukhethwa okuningana okujwayelekile kwezinkinga ezinzima, ngasinye sazo sihluke kwesokuqala.

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zokugula zibandakanya: ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, hyperosmolar coma, lactic acidosis coma, nabanye.Imiphumela yakamuva ivela phakathi kweminyaka embalwa yokugula. Ukulimala kwabo akubonakali, kodwa eqinisweni lokuthi bakwenza kabi isimo somuntu kancane kancane.

Ngisho nokwelashwa ochwepheshe akusizi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: i-retinopathy, i-angiopathy, i-polyneuropathy, kanye nonyawo lwesifo sikashukela.

Izingqinamba zesimo esingamahlalakhona ziyaphawulwa eminyakeni eyi-11-16 edlule yokuphila.

Ngisho nangokubheka ngokuqinile kwazo zonke izidingo zokwelashwa, imithambo yegazi, izitho zohlelo lokuchamela, isikhumba, uhlelo lwezinzwa, futhi nenhliziyo ihlupheka. Kwabamele ubulili obunamandla, izinkinga ezivelile ngemuva kwesizinda se-mellitus yesifo sikashukela zitholakala kancane kakhulu kunabesifazane.

Lesi sakamuva sihlushwa kakhulu yimiphumela yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okunjalo. Njengoba sekushiwo phambilini, ukugula kuholela ekubonakala kwezinkinga eziyingozi ezihambisana nokusebenza kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Abantu beminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi bavame ukutholakala nobumpumputhe, okuvela ngenxa yokuba khona kwesifo sikashukela.

Kodwa izinkinga zezinso ziholela ekwehlulekeni kwe-renal renal. Imbangela yalesi sifo futhi ingaba yi-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela.

Cishe isigamu sabo bonke abanesifo sikashukela sinezinkinga ezithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa. Kamuva, i-neuropathy ivusa ukubukeka kokuncipha kokuzwela kanye nomonakalo emaphethelweni aphansi.

Ngenxa yezinguquko ezinkulu ohlelweni lwezinzwa, abantu abanokulimala kukhubazeka bangathola ubunzima obunjengonyawo lwesifo sikashukela. Le yinto enobungozi, ehlobene ngqo nokwephulwa kohlelo lwenhliziyo. Imvamisa kungadala ukunqunywa kwezingalo.

Amavidiyo ahlobene

Le vidiyo idingida incazelo ejwayelekile, izinhlobo, izindlela zokwelashwa, izimpawu nezibalo zesifo sikashukela:

Lapho kukhona isifo sikashukela, umuntu akufanele angakunaki ukwelashwa, okubandakanya hhayi kuphela imithi ekhethekile, kodwa futhi nokudla okufanele nokulinganiselayo, ukuzivocavoca nokwenqaba ukulutha (okubandakanya ukubhema nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala). Futhi ngezikhathi ezithile udinga ukuvakashela i-endocrinologist yomuntu ne-cardiologist ukuze uthole ngesimo sempilo ngqo.