Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esihambisana nokwanda kokuhlungelwa ushukela egazini.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokumiswa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin yi-pancreas yomuntu. Le hormone ikhiqizwa amaseli akhethekile alesi sitho, abizwa ngokuthi ama-β-cell.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezahlukahlukene zangaphakathi noma zangaphandle, ukusebenza kwalezi zinhlaka kukhubazeka kakhulu. Kungakho kukhona lokho okuthiwa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin, ngamanye amagama - isifo sikashukela mellitus.
Njengoba wazi, isici esiyinhloko ekwakhekeni kwalesi sifo sidlalwa yi-genetic factor - ngenani elihehayo lamacala, lesi sifo sivela kubazali. Ukuqonda izimbangela zesifo sikashukela ngemininingwane eminingi, udinga ukuzijwayeza ulwazi olwethulwe kulesi sihloko.
I-Etiology kanye nokwethulwa komtholampilo
Ngokuphathelene ne-etiology, uhlobo 1 sikashukela yisifo esiyizalo esidluliselwa kusuka kubazali siye enganeni.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isakhi sofuzo sinquma ukukhula kwesifo engxenyeni yesithathu kuphela.
Njengomthetho, amathuba okuthola lesi sifo emntwaneni ngokuzayo nomama onesifo sikashukela acishe abe yi-3%. Kepha nobaba ogulayo - kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-7%. Uma ingane inengane yakini nalesi sifo, khona-ke amathuba okuthola isifo sikashukela acishe abe ngu-7%.
Umaki owodwa noma amaningana we-humority ye-pancreatic i-cancity etholakalayo angatholakala cishe kuma-87% wazo zonke iziguli ze-endocrinologists
- ama-antibodies ukuze glutamate decarboxylase (GAD);
- ama-antibodies kuma-tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2 no-IA-2 beta).
Ngako konke lokhu, ukuqakatheka okukhulu ekubhujisweni kwama-β-cell kunikezwa ezicini zokungasebenzi komzimba kumaselula. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism kuvame ukuqhathaniswa ne-HLA haplotypes efana ne-DQA ne-DQB.
Njengomthetho, uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo luhlanganiswa nezinye izifo ze-autoimmune endocrine. Isibonelo, zifaka isifo sika-Addison, kanye ne-autoimmune thyroiditis.
Akuyona indima yokugcina enikezwe imvelaphi engeyona ye-endocrine:
- vitiligo;
- izifo ze-pathological zemvelo yama-rheumatic;
- i-alopecia;
- Isifo sikaCrohn.
Njengomthetho, isithombe somtholampilo sikashukela siveza ngezindlela ezimbili. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kwe-pancreatic hormone esigulini. Futhi, njengoba wazi, kungaba okuphelele noma okuhlobene.
Ukushoda kwale nto kuvusa ukubukeka kwesimo okuthiwa sokwehla kwe-carbohydrate nezinye izinhlobo zemetabolism. Le nto ihambisana nezimpawu ezishiwoyo, njengokuthi: ukuncipha okusheshayo, ushukela omningi wegazi, i-glucosuria, i-polyuria, i-polydipsia, i-ketoacidosis, kanye nokuba nesifo sikashukela.
Ukushoda okungapheli kwe-pancreatic hormone egazini ngokumelene nesizinda sesifundo esincishisiwe nesinxephezelwayo salesi sifo okuqhubeka kanyekanye nezimpawu ezijwayelekile, kubonakaliswa njenge-late Diabetes. Kususelwa kusifo sikashukela se-microangiopathy kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, okuyisimo sefomu lesifo esingamahlalakhona.
Ngokuntuleka kobangelwa yini isifo sikashukela?
Njengoba abantu abaningi bazi, lesi sifo esingathi sína esibonakalayo sivela ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okunganele kwehomoni ye-pancreatic ebizwa ngokuthi i-insulin.
Kulokhu, cishe ama-20% amaseli wezicubu asele akwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu. Kepha ngokuqondene nokugula kohlobo lwesibili, kuba kuphela uma ithonya le-pancreas lingaphazamiseki.
Kulokhu, kuvela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin ukumelana. Lesi sifo sitshengiswa eqinisweni lokuthi inani elanele le-insulin egazini lihlala likhona, kodwa alisebenzi kahle ezicutshini.
Lokhu kungenxa yokulahleka kokuzwela yizakhiwo zamaselula. Esimweni lapho i-hormone yamanyikwe incipha kakhulu egazini, ushukela awukwazi ukungena ngokuphelele ezinhlakeni zamaselula.
Ngenxa yokuvela kwezinye izindlela zokushukela ushukela ezicutshini, kuhlangana kancane kancane i-sorbitol ne-glycated hemoglobin. Njengoba wazi, i-sorbitol ivame ukubangela ukubukeka kwesifo esinjalo sezitho zohlelo lokubonakalayo njengekati. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yako, ukusebenza kwemithambo yegazi emincane (ama-capillaries) kuya kuwohloka, futhi nokubaluleka okuphansi kohlelo lwezinzwa kuyabonakala.
Lokhu yikho kanye okwenza ukuthi isiguli sibe nobuthakathaka obonakalayo ezakhiweni zemisipha, kanye nokusebenza kokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo nemisipha yamathambo.
Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-lipid oxidation nokuqongelela ubuthi, umonakalo omkhulu emithanjeni yegazi uyaphawulwa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, umzimba ukhulisa okuqukethwe kwemizimba ye-ketone, okuyimikhiqizo ye-metabolic.
Imiphumela yokutheleleka ngegciwane
Kumele kugcizelelwe ukuthi ukutheleleka kwesimo segciwane kufaka isandla ekubhujisweni kwezakhi zamangqamuzana pancreas, ngenxa yokuthi ukwenziwa kwe-insulin kuqinisekiswa.
Phakathi kwezifo ezibulala amanyikwe, umuntu angahlukanisa ama-mumps we-viral, i-rubella, i-hepatitis yegciwane kanye nenkukhu.
Ezinye zalezi zifo zinobudlelwano obukhulu bama-pancreas, noma, izakhiwo zalo zeselula. Ubudlelwano buchazwa yikhono into eyodwa enayo ngokuhlobene nenye. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi amathuba okudala into entsha avele.
Esimweni sokubandakanyeka kwezifo ezithathelanayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwamaselula kwamanyikwe, kuchazwa ukubonakala kwengqinamba ebizwa ngokuthi yi-mellitus yesifo sikashukela. Ezigulini eziye zathola i-rubella, kukhona ukwanda kwezigameko zesifo esibuzwayo ngokwesilinganiso esingaba ikota.
Ingabe ifa lingadala isifo?
Isifo okuthiwa i-endocrine esivame ukubonakala sivela kaningi kakhulu kulezi ziguli ezinezihlobo ngalesi sifo.
Ezimweni zokulimazeka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism kubo bobabili abazali, amathuba wesifo sikashukela ezinganeni zabo kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo acishe abe yi-100%.
Uma umama noma ubaba enalesi sifo kuphela, ingozi icishe ibe ngama-50%. Kepha uma ingane inodadewabo noma umfowethu onalesi sifo, amathuba okuthi angagula nayo acishe abe ngama-25%.
Phakathi kokunye, kunamacala aziwayo okudluliselwa kwesifo sikashukela, lapho lesi sifo sivele kwelinye lamawele. Kepha ingane yesibili yahlala iphilile impilo yayo yonke.
Ukusuka kulolu lwazi, kungaphethwa ngokuthi izici ezibikezela ngaphambi kwesikhathi azithathwa njengesitatimende sokugcina sokuthi umuntu uzoba nohlobo lokuqala lokugula. Vele, uma nje engeke atheleleke ngesifo esithile sendalo yegciwane.
Ukukhuluphala njenge-Factor
Inani elikhulu lezifundo zesimanje libonisa ukuthi ukumelana ne-insulin kanye nokuba khona kwesisindo ngokweqile kunezimbangela zofuzo.
Lesi sitatimende sisuselwa ezinhlotsheni ezithile ezingatholakala njengefa ezinganeni.
Abanye ochwepheshe bababiza ngofuzo, aba nomthelela ekuqoqweni kwamaphawundi angeziwe. Njengoba sazi, umzimba womuntu, othambekele ekutholeni isisindo esithe xaxa, ugcotshwa ngenani elihehayo lamakhompiyutha e-carbohydrate ngesikhathi lapho bewungena ngobuningi.
Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi okuqukethwe ushukela ku-plasma yegazi kukhuphuka kancane kancane. Njengoba kungaqondakala kulawa maqiniso, lokhu kugula kwesimo se-endocrine kanye nokukhuluphala kuhlobene kakhulu.
Lapho likhula ngokweqile izinga lokukhuluphala, izakhi zamaselula ezihlasela ngokwengeziwe ziba yi-pancreatic hormone. Kamuva, lo mzimba uqala ukukhiqiza ngokuqinile i-insulin ngevolumu ekhuphukayo. Futhi lokhu, kamuva, kuholela ekuqongeleleni okukhulu kakhulu kwamafutha omzimba.
Ukudla okune-carbohydrate ephezulu
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlobo zofuzo ezisiza umzimba ukuqongelela amafutha ngokweqile zivusa ukubukeka kwenani elinganele le-serotonin. Ukushoda kwakhe okuxakile kuholela emizweni engapheli yokudangala, ukunganaki kanye nendlala ephikelelayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuqukethe i-carbohydrate kwenza sikwazi ukukhipha izimpawu ezinjalo okwesikhashana. Ngemuva kwalokho, lokhu kungaholela ekunciphiseni kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, okungadala ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela.
Izici ezinjalo zingahola kancane kancane ekuzuzeni isisindo ngokweqile kanye nokuvela kwesifo i-endocrine okukhulunywa ngaso:
- ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba;
- ukungondleki okungafanele nokungalingani;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kwamaswidi noshukela ocolisisiwe;
- ukwephulwa okukhona kokusebenza kohlelo lwe-endocrine;
- ukudla ngokungafanele;
- ubuthakathaka obungapheli;
- ezinye izidakamizwa ze-psychotropic zingavusa isethi yamaphawundi angeziwe.
Izifo eziningana ezikhuthaza ukubonakala kwesifo sikashukela
Lokhu kufaka lezo zinhlobonhlobo zezifo phambi kwakho lapho ukungavikeleki komuntu kuqala ukulwa nezicubu nezakhi zamaselula omzimba wazo.I-Autoimmune thyroiditis, i-lupus erythematosus, i-hepatitis, i-glomerulonephritis nezinye zihlukaniswa phakathi kwezifo ezidala isifo sikashukela.
Njengomthetho, ukwephulwa okunjalo kokufakwa kwe-carbohydrate, njengesifo sikashukela, kusebenza njengezinkinga ezinkulu.
Lesi sifo sivela ngenxa yokubhujiswa okusheshayo kwezakhi zamangqamuzana pancreas omuntu. Ngenxa yabo, njengoba kwaziwa, kwenziwa i-insulin. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu kubhujiswa kuchazwa yithonya lemisebenzi yokuvikela umzimba.
Ukucindezela kobuhlungu
Ukuxineka kanye nomphumela wawo emzimbeni kubhekwa njengento ebucayi obangela ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela kubantu. Kungcono ukuzama ukubakhipha empilweni yakho.
Iminyaka
Ubudala, njengoba wazi, futhi kubalwa phakathi kwezici ezidala ukuba khona kwesifo okukhulunywa ngaso.
Ngokwezibalo, uma isiguli sisincane, maningi amathuba okuba sigule.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi njengoba iminyaka ikhula, ukubekeka phambili kofuzo njengenye yezici ezinomthelela wokuvela kwesifo kuphulukana nokuhambisana nakho nesifo sikashukela.
Kepha ukuba khona kwesisindo ngokweqile kwenza, kunalokho, njengosongo olunqumayo kulokhu. Ngokukhethekile kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine kulabo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.
Izici ezinomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni zimi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- ukuvela kwengane kubazali abane-carbohydrate metabolism;
- wadlulisela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic;
- ekuzalweni, isisindo sengane sisuka ku-5 kg noma ngaphezulu;
- ukwenza buthaka kwemisebenzi yokuvikela yomzimba.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Lokhu kungaba imbangela yesifo sikashukela.
Uma izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi zokuvimbela nokwelapha zingathathwanga, khona-ke izinkinga azinakugwenywa.
Ukuba nesibeletho wedwa ngeke kube imbangela yalesi sifo se-endocrine. Kepha ukungondleki kanye nelifa kungathinta ukukhula kwalesi sifo.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Izimbangela eziyisithupha eziphambili zesifo sikashukela kuvidiyo yilezi:
Lo mbhalo usitshela ukuthi isifo sikashukela yisifo esiyingozi esingavela ngezizathu eziningi. Ukuze ukhiphe ngaphandle ukubonakala kwayo, kungakuhle ukuthi udle ngokulungile, uphila impilo esebenzayo, dlala ezemidlalo futhi uqinise amasosha omzimba. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kufanele wenze izivivinyo ezikhethekile.
