Izinto eziningi ezisebenzayo zebhayoloji zenziwa emzimbeni womuntu. Zithinta zonke izehlakalo ezenzeka emangqamuzaneni nasekwakhiweni kwe-emzimbeni.
Ukufundwa kwamakhompiyutha anjalo, phakathi kwawo amaningi angamalungu eqembu lama-hormone, akuvumeli nje kuphela ukuqonda izindlela ezisebenza ngazo, kepha futhi kuzisebenzisela ukwelapha.
Ukwelashwa ngeHormone sekuphenduke isimangaliso sangempela kwiziguli eziningi ezinezifo ezingeke zelaphe ezinye izindlela. Iqembu elidume kakhulu lezidakamizwa ezinjalo yi-glucocorticoids, izinkomba zokusebenzisa zazo ezifanele emagatsheni amaningi ezokwelapha.
Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile
Ama-glucocorticosteroids ayizithako ezisebenzayo zebhayoloji ezikhiqizwa yilezi zindlala zezilwane ezincelisayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-cortisol, i-corticosterone namanye ama-hormone. Okuningi kwakho konke kudedelwa egazini ngesikhathi sezimo ezicindezelayo, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwegazi noma ukulimala.
Ukuba nomphumela womphikisi, ama-glucocorticosteroids anemiphumela elandelayo:
- khuphula ingcindezi emithanjeni;
- khulisa ukuzwela kwezindonga zeseli ze-myocardial kuma-catecholamines;
- vimbela ukulahleka kokuzwela kwe-receptor ngama-catecholamine aphezulu;
- vuselela ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi;
- qinisa ukwakheka koshukela esibindini;
- neqhaza ekukhupheni ushukela wegazi;
- vimbela ukusetshenziswa kweglucose yizicubu ezixakile;
- qinisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-glycogen;
- ukuvimbela izinqubo zokwenziwa kwamaprotheni futhi kusheshiswe ukubola kwawo;
- qinisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kumaseli wezicubu ezi-subcutaneous;
- neqhaza ekuqongeleleni kwamanzi, i-sodium ne-chlorine emzimbeni, kanye nokuphuma kwe-calcium ne-potassium;
- vimbela ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba;
- thinta ukuzwela kwezicubu kuma-hormone ahlukahlukene (i-adrenaline, i-hormone yokukhula, i-histamine, ama-hormone wesitho sofuzo kanye ne-yegilo);
- babe nomphumela ohlukahlukene emasosheni omzimba (vimbela ukukhiqizwa nokwenziwa kwamanye amaseli okuvikela, kepha asheshise ukwakheka kwamanye amaseli omzimba);
- khuphula ukusebenza kokuvikela izicubu emisebeni.
Lolu hlu olude lwemiphumela ye-glucocotricoid empeleni lungaqhubeka isikhathi eside. Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kuyingxenye encane yezindawo zabo.
Enye yemiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu ebangela ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucocorticoids umphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala.
Lezi zinto zivimbela ukweqiwa kwezicubu nezakhi zomzimba ngaphansi kwethonya lezenzo ezinobudlova zokuvuvukala ngokuvimbela umsebenzi wama-enzyme athile.
Ama-Glucocorticosteroid ama-hormone avimbela ukwakheka kokuvuvukala endaweni yokuvuvukala, ngoba anciphisa ukuqina kodonga lwamathambo. Ziphinde zidale ukwakheka kwezinye izinto ngemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala.
Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwe-glucocorticoids
Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwe-glucocorticoids zingokulandelayo:
- ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-adrenal (glucocorticoids kusetshenziselwa ukungabinayo, ifomu elingapheli lokukhubazeka, i-cortical cortical hyperplasia), lapho bengakwazi ukukhiqiza ngokuphelele (noma ngisho) nokukhiqiza ama-hormone anele;
- ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-autoimmune (rheumatism, sarcoidosis) - kususelwa ekhonweni lawa ma-hormone ukuthonya izinqubo zokuzivikela komzimba, ukuwacindezela noma ukuwasebenzisa. I-Glucocorticoids nayo isetshenziselwa i-rheumatoid arthritis;
- ukwelashwa kwezifo zohlelo lomchamo, kufaka phakathi ezivuthayo. Lawa ma-hormone akwazi ukulwa ngokuphumelelayo nokuvuvukala okunobudlova;
- ama-glucocorticoids ama-allergise asetshenziswa njengama-ejenti athinta ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali asebenzayo we-biologic ashukumisa futhi athuthukise ukusabela kokungabekezeleli komuntu ngamunye;
- ukwelashwa kwezifo zohlelo lokuphefumula (i-glucocorticoids kunqunyelwe i-asthma ye-bronchial, i-pneumocystic pneumonia, i-allergic rhinitis). Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi izidakamizwa ezahlukile zinama-pharmacodynamics ahlukile. Ezinye izidakamizwa zisebenza ngokushesha ngokwanele, ezinye zihamba kancane. Kusho ukubambezeleka, ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngeke kusetshenziswe uma kunesidingo sokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa okukhinyayo (ngokwesibonelo, ngokuhlaselwa i-asthmatic);
- ama-glucocorticoids ezindlini zamazinyo asetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-pulpitis, i-periodontitis, ezinye izehlakalo zokuvuvukala, kanye nasekwakhiweni kwezingxube zokugcwalisa nanjenge-ejenti elwa nokushaqeka yokwesatshiswa kwe-anaphylactic okubangelwa izidakamizwa;
- ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zesikhumba, izinqubo zokuvuvukala ku-dermis;
- ukwelashwa kwezifo zamapheshana emathunjini. Inkomba yokuqokwa kwama-glucocorticoids yisifo sikaCrohn;
- Ukwelashwa kweziguli ngemuva kokulimala (kufaka phakathi emuva) kungenxa yomphumela we-anti-shock, anti-inflammatory of the drug.
- njengengxenye yokwelapha okuyinkimbinkimbi - nge-edema yamakhemikhali.
Cortisone
Ngokwesisekelo sezinto eziseqenjini le-glucocorticosteroids, amalungiselelo ezokwelapha adalwe ngesimo samafutha okugcoba, amaphilisi, izixazululo kuma-ampoules, uketshezi olwedonsa ngaphakathi:
- I-Cortisone;
- I-Prednisone;
- I-Dexamethasone;
- IHydrocortisone;
- Beclomethasone;
- I-Triamcinolone.
Imiphumela emibi
Isisindo semiphumela emihle ama-glucocorticoids abangele ukusetshenziswa kwawo kabanzi kwezokwelapha.
Ukwelashwa nge-Hormone bekungaphephile nakancane, kubonakala ngokuba khona kwemiphumela emibi eminingi:
- ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yezinwele nesikhumba, ukuvela kwamamaki okweluleka, ama-blackheads;
- ukukhula okukhulu kwezinwele ezindaweni ze-atypical zomzimba kwabesifazane;
- ukwehla kwamandla emithambo yegazi;
- ukubukeka kwezinguquko ze-hormonal;
- ukukhathazeka okuvusa amadlingozi, i-psychosis;
- umbono onciphile;
- ukwephulwa umzimba-usawoti umzimba.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucocorticoids kungaholela ekubonakala kwezifo eziningi:
- isilonda se-peptic;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- ukukhuluphala
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- ukungasebenzi komzimba;
- dysmenorrhea.
Kunezimo lapho i-glucocorticosteroids ivusa ukukhula ngokushesha kwezifo, ama-causative agents lawo ayesemzimbeni ngaphambili, kodwa engenawo amandla okuphindaphindeka kakhulu ngenxa yomsebenzi wamasosha omzimba.
Imiphumela emibi yenzeka hhayi ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwama-glucocorticosteroids noma ngokweqile kwawo. Ziphinde zitholwe nokuqedwa okubukhali kwezidakamizwa, ngoba ngemuva kokuthola ama-analogue okwenziwa ngama-hormone, izindlala ze-adrenal ziwayimisa ngokwazo.
Ngemuva kokuphela kokulashwa kwe-hormone, ukubonakaliswa kungenzeka:
- ubuthakathaka;
- ukubonakala kobuhlungu bemisipha;
- ukulahleka kwesifiso sokudla;
- umkhuhlane;
- ukukhuphula amanye ama-pathologies akhona.
Umphumela oyingozi oyicasulwa wukukhanselwa okungazelelwe kwama-hormone anjalo ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal.
Isibonakaliso saso esikhulu ukwehla kwengcindezi yegazi, izimpawu ezengeziwe - ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla, okuhambisana nobuhlungu, ukubulawa ngamandla, ukubanjwa kwesithuthwane.
Contraindication
Ubuningi bemiphumela emibi ebangelwa ukuphathwa kwe-glucocorticosteroids nayo ibangela ukuphikisana okuningi ekusebenziseni kwabo:
- uhlobo olunamandla lomfutho wegazi ophakeme;
- ukwehluleka kokujikeleza;
- ukukhulelwa
- i-syphilis;
- isifo sofuba
- isifo sikashukela
- i-endocarditis;
- jade.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-glucocorticoids ekwelapheni izifo akuvunyelwe ngaphandle kokuthi kunikezwe ukuvikela okwengeziwe komzimba ekuthuthukisweni kwezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo. Isibonelo, ukushaya isikhumba ngamafutha we-glucocorticoid, umuntu wehlisa ukungazetheki kwasendaweni futhi abe nengozi yokuthola izifo zokukhunta.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Mayelana nemiphumela emibi engenzeka yama-glucocorticosteroids kuvidiyo:
I-Glucocorticoids ikufanele ngempela ukunakwa nokuqashelwa kakhulu kodokotela, ngoba bangasiza ezimeni ezinzima ezinjalo. Kodwa izidakamizwa ze-hormonal zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile lapho kuthuthukiswa isikhathi sokwelashwa nomthamo. Udokotela kufanele azise isiguli ngayo yonke i-nuances engaqhamuka lapho usebenzisa i-glucocorticoids, kanye nezingozi ezilindelwe ukwenqatshwa okuqinile komuthi.
