I-Hyperglycemia yisimo se-pathological somzimba lapho okuqukethwe okwengeziwe koshukela kuqashelwa egazini (okuyi-serum yawo).
Ukuchezuka okuhambisanayo kuyahlukahluka kusuka kobumnene, lapho izinga lidluliswa cishe izikhathi ezi-2, ukuya kokweqile - x10 noma ngaphezulu.
Ubulukhuni be-pathology
Umuthi wanamuhla uhlukanisa ama-degree ama-5 wobunzima be-hyperglycemia, okunqunywa ukuthi lidlulwa kangakanani i-serum glucose:
- kusuka ku-6.7 kuye ku-8.2 mmol - mnene;
- 8.3-11 mmol - isilinganiso;
- ngaphezu kwe-11.1 mmol - esindayo;
- okuqukethwe kwe-serum okungaphezulu kuka-16,5 mmol we-glucose kubangela isimo sikashukela;
- ukuba khona kwegazi elingaphezu kuka-55,5 mmol kashukela kuholela ekhefini le-hyperosmolar.
Izinkomba ezifakwe kuhlu zihlanganisiwe futhi zingahluka ngokuya ngezimpawu zomzimba ngamunye. Isibonelo, ziyehluka kubantu abanokuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism.
Izimbangela Ezisunguliwe ze-Hyperglycemia
Izimbangela ze-hyperglycemia zihlukahlukene. Okusemqoka yile:
- ama-syndromes obuhlungu obunzima obangela umzimba ukhiqize inani elikhulu kakhulu le-thyroxine ne-adrenaline;
- ukulahleka kwenani legazi elikhulu;
- ukukhulelwa
- ukucindezelwa kwengqondo okunganele;
- ukuntuleka kwamavithamini C no-B1;
- ukudla okune-carbohydrate;
- ukuphazamiseka ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone.
Ngokuqondene nembangela eyinhloko ye-hyperglycemia (biochemistry), yinye kuphela - ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-carbohydrate metabolism. I-Hyperglycemia ivame kakhulu ukubonakala kwenye i-pathology - isifo sikashukela.
Kulokhu, ukwenzeka kwesimo esivumelanayo phakathi nesikhathi isifo esichaziwe kungakatholakali kungakhombisa imvelaphi yaso. Ngakho-ke, abantu ababhekene nalesi sifo banxuswa ukuba bahlolwe ngokuphelele.
Ukuphazamiseka kokudla kungavusela ukuba khona kwesimo se-pathological okukhulunywa ngaso.
Ikakhulu, abantu abane-bulimia amanosa basengozini enkulu yesifo sikashukela, lapho umuntu eba nomuzwa onamandla wendlala, ngenxa yokuthi udla inani elikhulu kakhulu lokudla kwe-carbohydrate.
Umzimba awukwazi ukubhekana nalokhu, okuholela ekwandeni koshukela. I-Hyperglycemia nayo ibonwa ngengcindezelo ejwayelekile. Imiphumela yocwaningo oluningi ikhombisa ukuthi abantu abavame ukubhekana nezimo ezingezinhle ezingokwengqondo basethubeni lokuhlangabezana noshukela okhuphukayo kuseramu yabo yegazi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwe-hyperglycemia kungaba yinto edala ukwenzeka kwemivimbo nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, kanye nokwandisa amathuba okufa kwesiguli lapho kwenzeka enye yawo. Ukuqashelwa okubalulekile: izimbangela ezivama zokuzila ukudla kwe-hyperglycemia yizo kanye izingcindezi ezidlulisiwe. Ukukhishwa kungukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okwenziwa kuphela emzimbeni lapho kukhiqizwa ama-hormone.
Lesi simo singenzeka futhi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithile.
Ikakhulu, kungumphumela wecala wokulwa nama-antidepressants, ama-proteinase inhibitors nezidakamizwa ze-antitumor.
Manje mayelana nama-hormone abangela i-hyperglycemia.
Imbangela ejwayelekile ye-hyperglycemia yi-insulin, esebenza njengomlawuli weglucose emzimbeni. Amanani amaningi noma anele aholela kushukela elikhuphukile. Ngakho-ke, i-hyperglycemia ye-hormonal ikhula kusifo sikashukela ikakhulukazi.
Manje mayelana nokwedlula lapho ama-hormone angadala i-hyperglycemia. Lezi yizinto ze-thyroid eziphila ngokusebenza. Lapho umzimba ukhiqiza inani ngokweqile lama-hormone anjalo, kuba nezinkinga ze-carbohydrate metabolism, okuthi, kuholele ushukela owandayo. Izindlala ze-adrenal nazo zilawula amazinga kashukela. Zikhiqiza: Izinto eziphathelene nocansi ezisebenza ngokocansi, i-adrenaline ne-glucocorticoids.
Ezangaphambili zingabalamuli bokusebenza kwamaprotheni, futhi, ikakhulukazi, zandisa inani lama-amino acid. Kuwo, umzimba ukhiqiza ushukela. Ngakho-ke, uma kunama-hormone amaningi ocansi, lokhu kungaholela ku-hyperglycemia.
Ama-Glucocorticoids angama-hormone anxephezela imiphumela ye-insulin. Lapho kwenzeka ukwehluleka ekukhiqizeni kwabo, ukuphazamiseka kokudla kwe-carbohydrate metabolism kungenzeka.
I-Adrenaline futhi isebenza njenge-arbiter ekukhiqizweni kwama-glucocorticoids, okusho ukuthi ukwanda noma ukwehla kungathinta ushukela. Kakhulu ngalesi sizathu, ukucindezela kungaholela ku-hyperglycemia.
Futhi enye into: i-hypothalamus ibhekele ukwenziwa kwe-adrenaline. Lapho izinga le-glucose lehla, lithumela isiginali efanelekile kwizindlala ze-adrenal, okutholayo okucasulayo ukukhishwa kwenani elidingekayo le-adrenaline.
Izimpawu
I-Symbomatology yale pathology yehlukene futhi ixhomekeke kokubili ekuphakameni kwe-glucose nasezimpawu zomzimba womuntu ogulayo.
Kunezimpawu ezimbili eziyinhloko ezihlala zivela lapho i-hyperglycemia yenzeka.
Okokuqala - lokhuokomela okukhulu - umzimba uzama ukususa ushukela owedlulele ngokwandisa inani lamanzi. Uphawu lwesibili - ukuchama kaningi - umzimba uzama ukususa ushukela ngokweqile.
Umuntu osesimweni sokuqhakaza kwe-hyperglycemia futhi angathola ukukhathala okungenasizathu kanye nokulahleka kwe-visual acuity. Isimo se-epidermis sivame ukuguquka - siba ome, okuholela ekunqubeni nezinkinga zokuphola inxeba. Imvamisa kuba nokuphazamiseka emsebenzini wesistimu yenhliziyo.
Ushukela omningi kakhulu, ukuphazamiseka kokuqwashisa ngokweqile kwenzeka. Isiguli singase sikhuphuke futhi siphele amandla. Lapho kufinyelelwa embundwini othile, umuntu ugoqwa.
Usizo lokuqala nokwelashwa
Lapho ukhomba izimpawu zokuqala zalesi simo, kufanele uqale ulinganise izinga leshukela usebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile.
Uma izinga likashukela lingaphansi kwamaphuzu ayi-14, awudingi ukuthatha noma yiziphi izindlela ezikhethekile - kwanele ukuhlinzeka umzimba ngenani lamanzi elidingekayo (cishe ilitha eli-1 ngehora eli-1).
Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuthatha izilinganiso njalo ngehora noma lapho isimo siba sibi. Ukuhlinzekwa ngamanzi kungaba nzima ngenxa yobuthakathaka noma ukuswela kwemizwa yesiguli.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuyenqatshelwa ukuthulula uketshezi emlonyeni ngamandla, ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukuthi ungene epheshaneni lokuphefumula, ngenxa yalokho umuntu azolimunca. Kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma - ucingo oluphuthumayo. Ngenkathi ehamba, isiguli sidinga ukudala izimo ezihamba kahle kakhulu.Uma okuqukethwe ushukela kudlula inani le-14 mmol ilitha ngalinye, kuphoqelekile ukuthi kufakwe i-insulin kumthamo obekelwe lokhu.
Ukuphathwa kwalesi sidakamizwa kufanele kuqhubeke ngokunwetshwa kwemizuzu engama-90-120 kuze kube yilapho isimo sivamile.
Nge-hyperglycemia, ukugcwala kwe-acetone cishe njalo kuyanda emzimbeni - kudinga ukwehliswa.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwenza i-gastric lavage usebenzisa izindlela ezenzelwe lokhu, noma usebenzisa ikhambi le-soda (amagremu angama-5-10 ilitha lamanzi).
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Izimpawu kanye nemigomo yosizo lokuqala lwe-hyperglycemia:
Isibhedlela sizokwenza isivivinyo esiphelele, sikhombe izimbangela zesifo bese sinquma ukwelashwa okuyikho. Ukwelashwa uqobo kuhloselwe izinto ezimbili: ukugcina ukusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba kanye nokuqeda imbangela yempatho ye-pathology. Okokuqala, ezimweni eziningi kufaka phakathi ukwethulwa kwe-insulin (njalo noma ngezikhathi zokuqhuma).
