Isifo sikashukela sikhula ngenxa yokuqagelwa kofuzo kanye nezinto eziningi ezingezinhle (ukucindezela, imikhuba emibi, impilo yokuhlala phansi, ukungondleki kahle, njll.). Uma singakhulumi ngefa, khona-ke ezimweni eziningi kulula kakhulu ukuvimbela isifo kunokuqeda. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba isifo sikashukela kufanele selashwa yonke impilo yesiguli. Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zesifo sikashukela: ezincike ku-insulin (uhlobo lokuqala) nokungathembeki kwe-insulin (uhlobo lwesibili). Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, esenzeka kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kuphela, sisodwa. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesifo, izindlela zokwelashwa zingahluka kancane. Lokhu kungenxa yezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwakhiwa kwe-endocrine pathology.
Indima yokudla
Ukudla kuyisisekelo sokwelashwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Kufanele iqine kangakanani kuye ngezidakamizwa ezisetshenzisiwe, iminyaka yesiguli, izifo ezihambisanayo kanye nezimpawu zesifo. Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka ukuguqula ushukela wegazi usebenzisa imikhawulo yokudla ngaphandle kokuguqukela emithini. Isibonelo, nge-gestationalabetes mellitus, amaphilisi okunciphisa ushukela ayaphulwa, futhi i-normalization of metabolism ye-carbohydrate ivela ngokufanele ngenxa yokulungiswa kokudla komama esizayo.
Abanesifo sikashukela abahlushwa ukugula kohlobo lwesibili ukuze banamathele ekudleni kubalulekile. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luba kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile nabadala. Imetabolism yabo isivele ilimele kancane, ngakho-ke imikhawulo yokudla izuzisa umzimba wonke. Kuyiqiniso, inhloso eyinhloko yokudla ukunciphisa okukhulu kuma-carbohydrate asetshenziswa ngabantu ekudleni.
Ngokulashwa kwe-insulin, ukudla nakho kubalulekile, kepha ngokuvamile isiguli singadla ukudla okujwayelekile okuningana. Umthamo okhethwe kahle we-insulin ukuvumela ukuthi unciphise ushukela wegazi ngenombolo edingekayo yamayunithi. Ukwazi inkomba yemikhiqizo ye-glycemic kanye nenani likashukela kuyo, ungakwazi ukubala kalula inani lemithi elidingekayo bese ulifaka kuqala.
Awukho umuthi ongathatha indawo yokudla ushukela. Kumele ibhekwe noma ngabe isekelwa kaningi ukwelashwa.
Imithi
Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela, umuthi oyinhloko i-insulin. Le yi-hormone efakwe emzimbeni wesiguli futhi ibuye ibuyele emzimbeni we-carbohydrate metabolism. Izidakamizwa zesimanje zicishe zifane ne-insulin ekhiqizwa emzimbeni womuntu. Ukubona umthamo obekiwe nokuvama kokuphathwa, isiguli sinciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bezinkinga nokuqhubeka kwezifo. Ngenxa ye-insulin esezingeni eliphezulu ehlanziwe, iziguli eziningi ezinesifo sikashukela zingaphila impilo ephelele, zidle okuhlukahlukene futhi zibandakanyeke emidlalweni elula.
Ngefomu lesifo elizimele le-insulin, isidingo sokuthola amaphilisi okunciphisa ushukela sinqunywa ngawodwa yi-endocrinologist esimweni ngasinye. Kwesinye isikhathi ukudla okuqinile, umsebenzi olula wokuzivocavoca nokulawula ushukela kwanele ukugcina impilo ejwayelekile yesiguli. Kodwa uma lezi zindlela zingalethi umphumela oyifunayo, isiguli sinqunyelwe ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa. Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, izidakamizwa eziphambili ngamaphilisi anciphisa ushukela wegazi. Ziyahlukahluka kumgomo wesenzo futhi zikhethwa ngokuya ngobulukhuni be-endocrine pathologies.
Kunamathebulethi anezindlela ezinjalo zokuthonya emzimbeni wesiguli:
- imithi ethuthukisa ukusebenza kwamanyikwe;
- izidakamizwa ezenza umuzwa wezicubu ube yi-insulin;
- izindlela ezihlangene.
Zonke zitholakala kwifomu lethebhulethi, ngakho-ke zisetshenziselwa ngokuzimela kunoma yiziphi izimo. Udokotela kuphela ongathatha isinqumo sendlela yokuphatha isiguli. Amaphilisi afanayo angathinta abantu abehlukene ngezindlela ezihluke kakhulu, noma ngabe izimpawu zesifo kanye nobunzima besifo sikashukela kubukeka kufana nje ekuqaleni.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zohlobo lwe-2 mellitus yesifo sikashukela, isiguli singanikezwa i-insulin ngomjovo ukuze sinciphise amazinga kashukela. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu, kepha uma izinkomba zezokwelapha zishiya kungabikho okunye ukukhetha, awukwazi ukwenqaba ukwelashwa okunjalo. I-insulin igwema izinkinga ezinzima zesifo futhi yenze isimo sesiguli sibe ngokwejwayelekile.
Kubalulekile ukulandela irejimeni yemithi enqunywe uchwepheshe. Awungeke ushintshe umthamo ngokwakho noma ukhansele umuthi ngaphandle kokuthintana nodokotela kuqala
Isifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukwelapha ngokuphelele ingane yohlobo lwe-1 yesifo sikashukela, etholakala ngisho nasezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula. Kepha ngosizo lwe-insulin Therapy kanye nohlobo oluhlelelwe kahle losuku, ungaba nempilo enhle empilweni yonke.
Ekwelapheni kwezingane, kubalulekile ukulandela imigomo enjalo:
- gcina irejimeni yokuphathwa kwe-insulin, umthamo kanye nemvamisa yakho okufanele kukhethwe udokotela wobugqila ezinganeni;
- hlinzeka ingane ngokudla kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, ngomkhawulo wama-carbohydrate ekwakhiweni kokudla;
- qapha njalo amazinga kashukela egazini usebenzisa i-glucometer eyodwa.
Akunandaba noma iminyaka yobudala yengane enesifo sikashukela, ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, yonke inkathazo iwela emahlombe abazali. Kancane kancane kufanele bajwayele ingane ukuzithiba futhi bayichaze ngokubaluleka kwemijovo, ukudla kanye nokuzivocavoca. Imidlalo evunyelwe ibaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni ezigulayo, ngoba imisebenzi emincane yomzimba inganciphisa ushukela wegazi, ithuthukise imetabolism futhi ilondoloze isisindo somzimba ngaphansi kolawulo.
Kunzima kakhulu ngezingane ukubekezelela imikhawulo yokudla okunempilo kunabantu abadala. Ngakho-ke, ukusekelwa kwengqondo kwezihlobo nabangane, kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni semikhiqizo eyingozi ngamaswidi nezithelo okunempilo kubaluleke kakhulu kubo.
Lapho ukhetha ukwelashwa kwengane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikela ukukhetha kunama-insulin ahlanzeke kakhulu futhi aphezulu kakhulu. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zinciphisa ubungozi bemiphumela emibi nezinkinga zesifo. Ukondliwa kwengane enesifo sikashukela kungahlukahluka, futhi kufaka nokudla okunempilo nokunambitheka kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukukhawulela noma ukukhipha izitsha eziqukethe ushukela olula futhi ube nenkomba ephezulu ye-glycemic. Amaswidi abalulekile ekunethezekeni kwengqondo kwengane, ngakho-ke ingashintshwa ngokuphatha okunempilo, izithelo namantongomane.
Izindlela zokwelashwa kwalesi sifo emazingeni okuqala entuthuko
Ezimweni eziningi, cishe akunakwenzeka ukwelapha isifo sikashukela ngemithi unomphela. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, lapho umuntu edinga ukujova njalo nge-insulin. Ungasithuthukisa isimo sesiguli futhi usilondoloze isikhathi eside ngosizo lokwelashwa kokudla, umuthi kanye nokuzivocavoca okulawulwayo komzimba.
Ngosizo lokudla, kuvame ukwelashwa ngokuphelele isifo sikashukela, esakhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Uhlobo lokuthambisa lwalesi sifo livame ukunyamalala ngemuva nje kokubeletha, inqobo nje uma umama wesikhathi esizayo ekhomba futhi enamathela ekudleni okuqinile. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sihambisana nokuncipha kokuzwela kwezicubu kwe-insulin (ukumelana ne-insulin). Ngokususa lesi simo, kungenzeka ukuthi kube noshukela wegazi ngokwejwayelekile futhi kunciphise kakhulu ingozi yezinkinga kusuka ohlelweni lwezinzwa, inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Kukhona nezindlela zokuhlinza zokubuyisela umsebenzi we-pancreatic, kepha kuze kube manje aziyona eyezinhlobo zokwelashwa zakudala futhi akuvamile ukuthi zisetshenziswe. Mhlawumbe ngokuzayo, ngosizo lokufakelwa kweseli le-beta noma ngenxa yamanye amasu okuhlinza, kuzokwazi ukuqeda unomphela iziguli zalokhu kugula okungathi sína.
Kepha uma sikhuluma ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, awukwazi ukwenqaba i-insulin. Naphezu kokuthuthuka kwesikhashana, iziguli ezingalimi kanjalo zisengozini yokuba ne-hyperglycemia kanye nezinkinga ezinzima zesifo. Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 ngaphandle kokwelashwa sinzima kakhulu futhi singambulala umuntu ngesikhathi esifushane.
Amathuba amakhulu okuthola ikhambi eliphelele ayaziwa kulezo ziguli ezitholakele zibizwa nge- "prediabetes." Lesi yisikhathi lapho izinguquko ezibuhlungu ku-carbohydrate metabolism ziqala ukwakheka emzimbeni, kepha isifo sikashukela asikaxoxwa ngaso. Lesi simo sivame ukutholwa kusetshenziswa isivivinyo sokubekezelela i-glucose kanye nokuhlaziya okuthile kwe-biochemical (ukuba khona kwe-C-peptide kanye nama-antibodies ayo kuma-pancreatic beta cell). Ukuhlelwa ngokwejwayelekile kokudla okunempilo, ukwenqatshwa kwemikhuba emibi nokuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo ezimweni eziningi kukuvumela ukuthi uthathe ukulawula isimo ngesikhathi futhi uyeke ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela.
Ukwelashwa ngemithi yabantu
Yini engingayidla ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2Akunakwenzeka ukwelapha isifo sikashukela ngezindlela ezingokwesiko kuphela, kepha zingasebenza njengendlela yokwelapha efanelekile. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma iyiphi yazo, kufanele kuboniswane ne-endocrinologist, ngoba, uma uqala ukubheka izidakamizwa ezingenangozi zingalimaza kakhulu emzimbeni obuthakathaka. Lokhu kusebenza kunoma yikuphi amakhambi, izitshalo, amajikijolo, izithelo nemifino lapho kulungiswa khona ama-infusions, ama-decoction kanye ne-tinctures yotshwala.
Amakhambi esifo sikashukela asuselwa ekusetshenzisweni kwemvelo eluhlaza, okwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini futhi ibuye yenze kube ngokomzimba ukwanda komzimba. Amakhambi amaningi okwelapha, amakhowe nemifino aqukethe izinto ezibuyisa umuzwa wezicubu ku-insulin.
Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela ngaphandle kwemithi, kufaka phakathi amakhambi abantu, kule ndatshana.
Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga
Cishe asikho isitho esingasithinti isifo sikashukela. Lesi sifo sibi kakhulu ngenxa yezinkinga zaso ezivela emithanjeni, ezinzwa, kwamehlo nakwezinye izinto ezibalulekile nezinhlelo zomzimba. Kodwa-ke, zingavinjelwa noma zinciphise kakhulu ingozi yokuvela. Isisekelo sokuvimbela izinkinga zesifo sikashukela sigcina izinga elijwayelekile loshukela wegazi futhi silandele ukudla. Uma zenzeka, khona-ke ukwelashwa kusheshe kuqalile, kuphakama amathuba okugcina ukusebenza kwendawo ethintekile.
Omunye wemiphumela emibi yesifo sikashukela yi-diabetesic foot syndrome. Usongela ngokuqola, ukunqunywa komzimba kanye nokufa yize kungekho ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi. Kuqala ngokugabha, ukubindeka kwezinye izingxenye zemilenze kanye nokuvela kwezilonda ezinde ngokungalapheki isikhathi eside. Uma kwenzeka lokhu kudalwa kwezifo, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha ukuze ukhethe ikhambi elilungile.
Ukwelashwa kwesilonda kuqala, okokuqala, ngokujwayelekile kwamazinga kashukela egazini, ngoba lolu phawu lubangelwa isifo sikashukela. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, kuyahlinzekwa ukwelashwa kwendawo, okulandela imigomo enjalo:
- ukuvimbela ukutheleleka;
- ukuhlanza inxeba ezindaweni ezifile nezifashisayo;
- ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda esihlanzekile.
Ngale njongo, ama-antibiotics, asho ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi lendawo, ama-antiseptics esikhumba nezidakamizwa zokomisa zinganconywa esigulini. Ishushulwe yonke inyama enesifo, engasakwazi ukubuyiselwa. Emva kwalokho, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingenalwazi, isilonda siyaphola kancane kancane.
Ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa kwezilonda, kudingekile ikakhulukazi ukubheka inhlanzeko nokuhlanzeka, ngoba ukutheleleka okuncane kakhulu kungadala ukutheleleka futhi ukonakala
Ukwelashwa kwezilonda ezi-trophic ngezindlela ezihlukile kungenziwa kuphela ngemvume kadokotela oya khona. Akuzona zonke lezi zindlela eziphephile futhi ziyahambisana nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa zakudala. Ngaso leso sikhathi, izixazululo zamanye amakhambi zine-antiseptic, ukomisa nokupholisa, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuvunywa uchwepheshe, zingasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa okulekelelayo.
Noma yiziphi ezinye izinkinga zesifo sikashukela (ukhubazeka okubukwayo, izinkinga zesikhumba, i-vascular pathologies) nazo zidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Uchwepheshe omncane kufanele anikeze umuthi, kepha ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwe-endocrinologist. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akuyona yonke imithi engasetshenziswa ukwelapha iningi leziguli efanelekile kwabanesifo sikashukela. Ngenxa kashukela wegazi ophakeme, uhlobo lokwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kufanele lusondele ikakhulukazi ngokucophelela ukuze kungakhubeki ukuwohloka kwesimo sesiguli.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo, kufanele kube olubanzi. Ukudla nemikhawulo ethile akuzona izindlela zesikhashana, kepha kuyindlela entsha yokuphila. Ukubona irejimeni enconywe udokotela, ungaphila impilo ejwayelekile ephelele, yize unesifo esingamahlalakhona. Isiguli singazivikela kwizinkinga ezinkulu zesifo sikashukela kuye kuphela, siphathe impilo yakhe kahle.
