I-Microangiopathy kushukela

I-Microangiopathy iyi-lesion yemithambo yegazi emincane (ama-venules, ama-arterioles, ama-capillaries). Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, le nto yenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko ze-pathological egazini namazinga aphezulu kashukela kuyo. Imikhumbi emincane iba ntekenteke ngokwengeziwe, eminye yayo ikhula kakhulu, eminye iba mncane ngokwendalo noma ibe mncane. Konke lokhu kuholela ekwephulweni kwemisebenzi yalesositho, ukujikeleza kwegazi okunikezayo. Yingakho i-microangiopathy yesifo sikashukela iyinkinga enkulu okungcono ukuyivimbela kunokuyelapha.

Izinhlobo Zokukhubazeka kwe-Vascular

Ngokuya ngasendaweni yemikhumbi ethintekile, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezifo yilezi:

• i-nephropathy;
• i-retinopathy
• i-microangiopathy yemikhawulo ephansi.

Nge-nephropathy, izinguquko ze-pathological zithinta cishe yonke imikhumbi emincane yezinso. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, imithambo yemithambo emikhulu nayo iyathinteka, okuholela ekusebenzeni okonakele kwalesi sitho. I-metabolism yendawo ayinamandla ngokwanele, izicubu namangqamuzana awutholi i-oksijini nezakhi ezidingekayo. Ngaphezu kwezinguquko ze-vascular, nephropathy, inqubo yokuhlunga nezinhlaka ezibhekene nokuqaliswa kwayo (i-tubules ne-glomeruli) ziyahlupheka.

I-retinopathy iyi-lesion ye-retina. Imikhumbi emincane kule ndawo inesibopho sokunikezwa kwegazi okujwayelekile ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zesitho sokubona, ngakho-ke ushintsho lwazo oluhlungu luthinta kabi ikhono lomuntu lokubona. Ngokuya esigabeni se-retinopathy, izimpawu zingaba zincane futhi zicasule isiguli. Umphumela onzima kakhulu we-microangiopathy yeso ubumpumputhe, ngakho-ke, abanesifo sikashukela badinga ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile.

Ushintsho emikhunjini yamaphethelo aphansi kungenye yezimbangela zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela sonyawo. Ukwephulwa kokujikeleza kwegazi, i-nerve conduction kuholela ekungondleni okwanele kwezicubu zemilenze, ngakho-ke lezi izicubu ziphelelwa yizwi elijwayelekile nobunzima. Isikhumba emaphethelweni aphansi soma, noma imiphi imifantu nokuqhekeka kuphendukela esangweni lokungena ukuze kutholakale isifo. Ukulimala esikhunjeni semilenze kuphulukisa isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi kunzima, umuntu angaba nezilonda ezi-trophic ezibuhlungu. Inkinga enkulu kakhulu ye-angiopathy yemikhawulo engezansi yi-gangrene, okuholela ekunqunyweni noma ekufeni.

Izimbangela zokwenzeka

Isifo sikashukela i-Microangiopathy senzeka ngenxa yokwephulwa kwe-microcirculation yegazi, ngenxa yalokho imikhumbi ingenayo i-oksijini nezakhi zomzimba. Ukungahambi kahle emzimbeni we-carbohydrate metabolism okubangelwa yisifo sikashukela kuholela ekusebenzeni okungajwayelekile kwezindonga nezindonga zama-capillaries, ama-arterioles kanye nama-venum, ngoba lezi zinto zokwakheka nazo ziqukethe ama-carbohydrate.

I-Microangiopathy ingakhula kunoma yisiphi isiguli, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luphi lwesifo sikashukela kanye nobudala isiguli esithole ngalo lesi sifo

Ngenxa yesifo sikashukela, imikhiqizo esele ye-protein metabolism inqwabelana egazini lesiguli, okuvame ukuthi likhishwe emzimbeni. Lokhu kuholela ekushintsheni kwezakhiwo zegazi kanye nokuqina kwezindonga zemikhumbi emincane. Imvamisa, i-microangiopathy yenzeka ngonyaka we-10-15 wesifo sikashukela, kepha futhi kukhona izimo zokukhula ngokushesha kwe-pathology kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-1-2 kusukela kuqalile ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine. Kungakho zonke iziguli ziwela eqenjini eliyingozi, futhi ukuze zilondoloze impilo yazo kudingeka zilalelisise imizimba yazo futhi zivakashele udokotela ngesikhathi.

Izimpawu

Ekuqaleni nje kokuthuthuka kwenqubo ye-pathological (kungakhathalekile ukuthi ikuphi), izimpawu azibaluleki kangako ukuthi umuntu akavamile ukunaka zona. Uma sikhuluma ngezinkinga ngemithambo yemilenze, khona-ke izimpawu zazo eziyinhloko zingadinwa noma umuzwa wokuqina.

Njengoba i-pathology yesiguli iqhubeka, izimpawu ezilandelayo ziqala ukukhathaza:

• ukudweba izinhlungu emilenzeni;
• ukukhathala okwandayo;
• ukudumba;
• ukoma ngokweqile kwesikhumba sezinyawo nemilenze;
• ukulahleka kwezinwele kule ndawo;
• iminyakazo
• ukulahleka kokushisa kanye (noma) nokuzwela kobuhlungu;
• ukwakheka kwezilonda ezinamaqhuqhuva okunzima ukuzelapha.

Imilenze yesiguli ihlala ibanda ngisho nangesikhathi esishisayo ngenxa yokugeleza kwegazi okunganele. Ngaphezu kwezinkinga zemikhumbi emincane, izinzwa nemithambo emikhulu nemithambo kudonswa ngaphakathi kule nqubo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umbala wesikhumba semilente ungaphenduka ube nsomi noma ube nsomi, ube yi-cyanotic. Ukungalandelwa kwemithetho yenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, njengomthetho, kubeka kabi isimo futhi kube umfutho ekwakhiweni kwezilonda ezithathelwanayo. Ukugcina izinyawo zakho zihlanzekile futhi zomile kungenye yemithetho eyinhloko yokuphila kwesifo sikashukela.

Ezikhungweni eziningi zezokwelapha kukhona "amakhabethe ezinyawo ezinesifo sikashukela" lapho isiguli siyohlolelwa khona ukuzwela kwemilenze futhi sihlole isimo saso esivamile

I-retinopathy emazingeni okuqala empeleni ayizenzi izizwe, kepha uma ihlolwa ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo, isiguli esinjalo kungenzeka sivele sinezinguquko. Imvamisa, iziguli zithi ukubukeka okunjalo kukhathala, futhi akunamathele ngokubaluleka okukhethekile kuzo. Ekuqaleni, "izimpukane" ezincane noma izinhlansi zingavela phambi kwamehlo, kepha umthetho obonakalayo, njengokomthetho, awuhlupheki. Lapho-ke umuntu uyabona ukuthi kuba nzima kuye ukuthi asebenze ekhompiyutha, afunde futhi abhale (amehlo akhe adinwe kakhulu futhi nokucaca kombono kuyehla). Izimpawu ziya ziba zimbi njengoba i-retina iya ngokuya ikhula, futhi uma ungaxhumani nodokotela ngesikhathi, khona-ke nengozi yokungaboni kahle iyanda.

Kunzima ukusola i-nephropathy ekuqaleni kokukhula kwayo, ngoba ingaboniswa kuphela ngokuba khona kwamaprotheni kumchamo (lokhu kungabonakala ngokudlula kokuhlaziywa). Lapho ukulimala kwezinso kuba ngokwengeziwe futhi kungalapheki, umuntu angaphazamiseka yi-edema, agxume ekucindezelweni kwegazi, ukuchama okungahambi kahle, iphunga le-ammonia lisuka emlonyeni kanye nobuthakathaka obungapheli.

Ukuxilonga

Ukwelashwa kwe-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela

Ukusungula ukuxilongwa kwe-microangiopathy yamaphethelo aphansi, ukuhlolwa kukadokotela, ukuhlolwa kwegazi elebhu kanye nama-x-ray kuyadingeka. Imikhumbi emincane nemikhulu yemilenze nayo ingahlolwa kusetshenziswa i-Doppler (umbala we-ultrasound). Kwezinye izimo, i-MRI noma i-computer tomography scan ingabekwa ukucacisa izingqinamba eziphikisanayo. Ukuthola isithombe esinembile, isiguli kwesinye isikhathi sinconywa ukuthi senze isifundo esinjalo nomenzeli ohlukile, okhulisa ukucaca kwesithombe.

Nge-nephropathy ekuhlaziyeni okujwayelekile komchamo, izinguquko zivame ukutholakala eziba yisizathu sokuxilongwa okungathí sina.

Thola ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yezinso usebenzisa izinso usebenzisa i-ultrasound, ama-x-ray, i-MRI. Ukuhlola isimo se-retina kanye nokutholwa kwe-retinopathy kusenesikhathi, isiguli kudingeka sihlolwe njalo ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo. Ngaphezu kokubonisana kanye nokuhlolwa, udokotela uvame ukusebenzisa izindlela ezinamandla zokuhlola imishini yokusebenza kwe-ocular, ngesisekelo lapho enza isiphetho mayelana nokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwezinguquko ze-pathological.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwe-microangiopathy kusifo sikashukela kuya ngokuthi kwakwenziwa kanjani inqubo ye-pathological. Kunzima kakhulu ukumisa ukuqala kwe-retinopathy, izinkinga ngemithambo yemilenze noma i-nephropathy, kepha kusenokwenzeka ukunciphisa ijubane lokukhula kwabo kancane. Izakhi ezisemqoka zokwelashwa kwako konke ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo emzimbeni zigcinela ushukela wegazi ezingeni lelitshe futhi zilandela ukudla. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, azikho izinqubo zasendaweni nemithi esizayo ezosiza noma ilethe umphumela ohlala njalo.

Ukwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile ukugeleza kwezinqubo ze-metabolic e-retina, isiguli singabekwa ngokuqinisa amathonsi wamehlo, amavithamini kanye nokugcotshwa kwezinkophe. Izinqubo ezinjalo ngeke zisuse inkinga ngokuphelele, kepha zizonciphisa ukuqhubeka kwayo. Nge-nephropathy, kubalulekile ukulandela ukudla, ukushiya usawoti kanye nenani elikhulu lamaprotheni, nokulawula umfutho wegazi. Nge-hypertension ehambisanayo, isiguli kufanele siphuze izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive (isibonelo, i-ACE inhibitors).

Ekwelashweni kwezinkinga zemithambo yemilenze, kubalulekile ukuqapha isisindo nokuvikela ukukhuluphala

Isisindo esikhulu somzimba sithinta kabi isimo semikhawulo ephansi, ngoba kulokhu kunomthwalo omningi kakhulu. Imidlalo yezemidlalo nokuhamba ngokulinganayo kubalulekile ukukhuphula ukuhamba kwegazi, ukuthuthukisa ukucwaswa kwezicubu nokwandisa izinqubo ze-metabolic. Ukuzilolonga nsuku zonke kanye nokuzivocavoca kunciphisa ngempumelelo ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela sonyawo sikashukela. Kwesinye isikhathi isiguli singabekelwa izinqubo zehardotherapeutic yezinsimbi zomzimba nokugcotshwa kwamafutha okusetshenziselwa izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ezithuthukisa isimo sezicubu ezithambile nemithambo yegazi yemilenze.

Ukuvimbela

Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuvimbela noma yiziphi izingqinamba zemisipha yesifo sikashukela ukugcina ushukela wegazi ezingeni lelitshe. Ukuze uthole lokhu, kubalulekile ukulandela ukudla, ukuhlolwa okuhleliwe ngudokotela we-endocrinologist ngesikhathi, nokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Futhi, ukuvimbela, kufiseleka kakhulu:

• yeka ukubhema uphuze utshwala;
• khawulela usawoti osetshenziswa ngokudla;
• hlola njalo izinga le-cholesterol egazini futhi, uma kunesidingo, lehlise;
• phila impilo esebenzayo;
• lawula umfutho wegazi, vikela ukukhuphuka kwalo okubukhali.

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, empeleni, sithinta isimo semithambo yegazi, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ushintsho olubi kubo. Kepha lapho kukhonjwa izinkinga ekuqaleni, umuntu angavimbela ukuwohloka kwenqubo ye-pathological. Indlela yokuphila enempilo nokubambelela ekuncomeni kukadokotela ohambelayo kuvumela abanesifo sikashukela abaningi bakhohlwe ngezinkinga zesifo isikhathi eside.