I-glucose yi-monosaccharide ebalulekile ehlala itholakala emzimbeni womuntu futhi, ngokubamba iqhaza ezinqubweni eziningi ze-biochemical, ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamaseli nezicubu. Ushukela ungena ngokudla noma kwakheka kusetshenziswa i-glycogen efakwe esibindini kanye nezinye izitho ezithile.
Amanani we-Glycemia angahluka usuku lonke. Zincike eminyakeni yobudala bomuntu, umthethosisekelo wakhe nesisindo somzimba, isikhathi sokudla kokugcina, ukuba khona kwezimo ze-pathological, umsebenzi womzimba. Okulandelayo, yini imvelo yoshukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla, izimbangela zokuphila nokukhula kokukhula kwayo, kanye nezindlela zokulungisa.
Kungani umzimba udinga i-glucose?
IGlucose (ushukela) iyi-carbohydrate elula etholakala ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka kwama-polysaccharides. Esiswini esincane, singenelwa egazini, bese sisakazeka emzimbeni. Ngemuva kokuthi inkomba ye-glucose esegazini ngemuva kokudla iguqukele phezulu, ubuchopho buthumela isibonakaliso kumanyikwe ukuthi i-insulin idinga ukukhishwa egazini.
I-insulin iyinto esebenza ngama-hormone okuyiwona olawula ukwabiwa kwe-saccharide emzimbeni. Ngosizo lwayo, ama-tubules athile ayavulwa emangqamuzaneni adlula kuwo ushukela ngaphakathi. Lapho, iqubuka emanzini namanzi.
I-Insulin - "ukhiye" othize we-monosaccharide
Ngemuva kokuthi izinga le-glucose lehlile, isibonakaliso siyatholakala ngesidingo sokuyibuyisela ezingeni elifanele. Inqubo yokuqanjwa kweglucose iqala, lapho ama-lipids ne-glycogen behileleka khona. Ngakho-ke, umzimba uzama ukubuyisela i-glycemia kokujwayelekile.
Ushukela wegazi owengeziwe nawo awulungile. Ngobuningi obukhulu, i-monosaccharide iyakwazi ukuba nomphumela onobuthi, ngoba ngokumelene nesizinda se-hyperglycemia, inqubo yamangqamuzana kashukela ejoyina amaprotheni omzimba ayasebenza. Lokhu kushintsha izici zabo zomzimba nezomzimba, kunciphisa ukululama.
Izinkomba ziguquka kanjani usuku lonke
Ushukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla, esiswini esingenalutho, ngemuva kokuzivocavoca umzimba ushintsha izinombolo zayo. Ekuseni, uma ukudla kungakangeni emzimbeni, izinkomba ezilandelayo (ku-mmol / l):
- ubuncane abavunyelwe kwabesifazane abadala kanye nabesilisa ngu-3.3;
- Ubukhulu obuvumelekile kubantu abadala ngu-5.5.
Lezi zibalo zivamile eminyakeni engu-6 kuye kwengama-50. Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa nezinsana, izinkomba zehluka kakhulu - kusuka ku-2.78 kuya ku-4.4. Enganeni yasenkulisa, esiphezulu esiphezulu singu-5, umkhawulo ophansi ufana nobudala obumaphakathi babantu abadala.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50, izinkomba zishintsha kancane. Ngobudala, imikhawulo evunyelwe iguqukela phezulu, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngeminyaka eyishumi elandelayo. Isibonelo, amazinga eglucose kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 angama-3.6-6.9. Lokhu kubhekwa njengezinombolo eziphezulu.
Ilungu ngalinye lomndeni linezinkomba ze-glycemia ezilungele isigaba sobudala bakhe.
Ushukela wegazi ovela emthanjeni uphakeme kancane (cishe u-7%%). Ungahlola izinkomba elabhorethri kuphela. Okujwayelekile (ku-mmol / l) amanani afinyelela ku-6.1.
Izikhathi ezahlukahlukene zokubala
Enye yezifo ezijwayelekile ezibonakala ngamanani aphezulu kashukela ushukela. Bonke abanesifo sikashukela bayazi ukuthi i-glycemia kufanele ilawulwe ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene usuku lonke. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ukhethe umthamo ofanele wezidakamizwa, ukuvimbela ukonakala okubukhali.
Uhlobo lwe-1 lesi sifo lubonakala ngokuthi i-hyperglycemia yenzeka ngenxa yokungalingani kahle kwe-insulin. Uhlobo 2 lwenzeka ngenxa yokuvela kokungamelana kwe-insulin (ukulahleka kokuzwela kwe-hormone kumaseli womzimba). I-Pathology ingahambisana nokugxuma okubukhali ushukela usuku lonke, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi izindlela ezivumelekile (ku-mmol / l):
- ngemuva kokuphumula kobusuku kubantu abadala - kuze kufike ku-5.5, ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 - kuze kube ku-5;
- ngaphambi kokungena kokudla emzimbeni - kuze kufike ku-6, ezinganeni - kuze kufike ku-5.5;
- ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla - kuze kufike ku-6.2, umzimba wezingane - ufike ku-5.7;
- ngehora - kuze kufike ku-8,8, enganeni - kuze kufike ku-8;
- ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-120 - ifike ku-6.8, enganeni - ifike ku-6.1;
- ngaphambi kokuphumula kobusuku - kuze kufike ku-6.5, enganeni - kuze kufike ku-5.4;
- ebusuku - kuze kufike ku-5, umzimba wezingane - ufike ku-4,6.
Funda kabanzi ngamazinga kashukela egazi amukelekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kule ndatshana.
Ushukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla
Ngemuva kokudla ushukela wegazi, lokhu okulandelayo kufanele kubhekwe:
- phambi kwesisindo somzimba we-pathological;
- kukhona isiguli esinesifo sikashukela ngohlu;
- ukuba nemikhuba emibi (ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala, ukubhema);
- labo abathanda ukudla okuthosiwe, okubhemayo, ukudla okusheshayo;
- ehlushwa umqubuko we-arterial and cholesterol ephezulu;
- labo besifazane abazala izingane ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwama-4 kg ngaphambili.
Ukwanda okuthe xaxa kweglucose egazini ngemuva kokungena kuyinto ejwayelekile kumzimba ophilile
Uma i-glycemia ishintsha iye phezulu izikhathi eziningana, kufanele ufune izeluleko se-endocrinologist. Kuyadingeka ukukhuluma nodokotela, wenze izifundo ezengeziwe uma kunesifiso se-pathological sokuphuza, ukudla. Ngaso leso sikhathi, umuntu uvame ukuchama futhi angatholi isisindo nakancane, kunalokho, ukwehla kwesisindo somzimba kungenzeka.
Futhi ukuqaphela kufanele kube umuzwa wokoma nokuqina kwesikhumba, ukubonakala kokuqhekeka emakhoneni ezindebe, izinhlungu emaphethelweni aphansi, ukuqubuka ngezikhathi ezithile kwesimo esingacacile esingaphili isikhathi eside.
Ukwedlulela okungabalulekanga kwezinkomba ze-glucose ngaphandle kokujwayelekile kungakhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana ne-insulin, okubuye kuhlolwe ngezindlela zokucwaninga zokuxilonga (isivivinyo somthwalo woshukela). Lesi simo sibizwa nge- prediabetes. Kubonakala ngokuqagela kokuvela kwefomu elizimele le "insulin" elizimele.
Kungani kungaba noshukela ophansi ngemuva kokudla?
Wonke umuntu usetshenziselwa iqiniso lokuthi umsoco uvusa ukukhuphuka kwe-glucose, kepha futhi kukhona "uhlangothi olubuyisanayo lwemali." Le yi-hypoglycemia eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-asebenzayo. Imvamisa, kwenzeka ngemuva kwemvelaphi yokukhuluphala noma uhlobo 2 sikashukela mellitus.
Ukujuluka kungenye yezimpawu ze-hypoglycemia.
Ososayensi abakwazanga ukuhlala ngesizathu esithile salesi simo, ngakho-ke bakhomba imibono eminingana yentuthuko yaso:
Ungahlola kanjani ushukela wegazi- Ukudla lapho umuntu ashiya ngokuphelele ama-carbohydrate ukuze anciphise isisindo. Uma umzimba ungazitholi “izinto zokwakha” ngesimo sama-polysaccharides isikhathi eside, uqala ukusebenzisa izinsiza zawo, zibekwe eceleni zibekelwe. Kepha kufika isikhathi lapho idiphozi lesitoko lingenalutho, ngoba aligcwali.
- I-Pathology, ehambisana nokungabekezelelani ne-fructose yemvelo yamafa.
- Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubantu abaye bahlinzwa emgodini wamathumbu phambilini.
- Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sezimo ezicindezelayo, i-spasm of pancreas iyenzeka, ekhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin ngobuningi obukhulu.
- Ukuba khona kwe-insulinomas isimila se-hormone esiveza ngokungakhathali ukuthi i-insulin ingangeni egazini.
- Ukwehla okukhulu kwenani le-glucagon, okuyi-insulin antagonist.
I-hypoglycemia esebenzayo ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Umuntu uphawula ukuvela kokuqwasha, isiyezi, ukujuluka ngokweqile. Uhlala efuna ukudla, ngisho nangemva kokudla kwasemini okunempilo, isidlo sakusihlwa. Izikhalazo zokukhathala, ukusebenza okunciphile.
Ukuqeda lesi simo, udinga ukushintsha indlela ophila ngayo: yidla kaningi, kepha ezingxenyeni ezincane, unqabe ama-carbohydrate asheshayo, gcina umgomo wokudla okunempilo, lapho i-insulin ikhishwa khona ngokwanele. Kuyadingeka ukushiya utshwala nekhofi.
Ushukela ongemuhle ngemuva kokudla
Lesi simo sibizwa nge- postprandial hyperglycemia. Kuboniswa izinga le-glucose egazini ngemuva kokudla ngaphezulu kwe-10 mmol / L. Amaphuzu alandelayo abhekwa njengezinto eziyingozi:
- isisindo se-pathological;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
- amanani aphezulu e-insulin egazini;
- ukuba khona kwe-cholesterol "embi";
- ukubekezelela ushukela okhubazekile;
- ukubekelwa phambili kwesimo sofuzo;
- ubulili (buvame ukwenzeka kwabesilisa).
I-glycemia ephezulu emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokudla - ubufakazi benqubo ye-pathological emzimbeni
I-Afghan hyperglycemia ihlotshaniswa nobungozi bokuthuthukisa lezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- ama-macroangiopathies - ukulimala kwemikhumbi emikhulu;
- i-retinopathy - i-pathology yemikhumbi ye-fundus;
- ukukhuphuka kobukhulu bemithambo ye-carotid;
- ukucindezela kwe-oxidative, ukuvuvukala, nokungasebenzi komzimba;
- ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi emisipha yenhliziyo;
- izinqubo ze-oncological zesimo esibuhlungu;
- i-pathology yemisebenzi yokuqonda kubantu asebekhulile noma ngemuva kwendlela yokuzimela yesifo sikashukela esimele.
Kubalulekile! I-postprandial hyperglycemia iletha ukulimala okukhulu empilweni yabantu, idinga ukulungiswa kwesimo esikhulukazi.
Ukulwa ne-pathology kuqukethe ngokulandela ukudla okunomthwalo omncane we-carbohydrate, empini yokulwa nesisindo somzimba, ukusetshenziswa kwemithwalo yemidlalo. Izidakamizwa ezisiza ukuqeda ushukela ophakanyiswe emzimbeni ngemuva kokudla:
- ama-anylin analog;
- I-DPP-4 inhibitors;
- zobumba;
- okuphuma ku-glucagon-like peptide-1;
- insul.
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kungenye yezinyathelo ezisiza isiguli ngokwanda kwensangu egazini
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bukuvumela ukuthi ulawule i-glycemia hhayi kuphela elabhorethri, kodwa nasekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ama-glucometer - amadivaysi akhethekile, afaka phakathi izingilazi zokubhoboza umunwe nemichilo yokuhlola esetshenziselwa ukwenza ukuvela kwe-biochemical nokuhlola amanani kashukela.
Ukusekela izinga elijwayelekile le-glycemia emgodini wegazi, hhayi nje ngaphambi kokuphela, kepha futhi ngemuva kokudla, kubhekwa njengephuzu elibalulekile lokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zezimo ezithile ze-pathological.
