I-pancreas yisitho esibandakanyeka ekugayweni nasekuqinisekiseni ukulinganisela kwe-hormonal komzimba. I-insulin ingelinye lama-hormone elenziwa i-gland. Le nto esebenzayo ibandakanyeka ekusatshalisweni koshukela (ushukela) kumaseli nezicubu ukuze ibanikeze amandla. Izinkomba zeHormone zigcinwa kulelo zinga oludingekayo esigabeni esithile somsebenzi womuntu.
Enganeni, amazinga ajwayelekile e-insulin ahlukile kancane kubantu abadala nakwabadala. Isimo se-insulin esegazini sezingane, ukuphambuka nezindlela zokubhekana nalezi zimo kuxoxwa ngazo esihlokweni.
Kungani umzimba udinga i-insulin?
Ngemuva kwekudla lokungena emtimbeni, kuyahlukana ngetincenye letincane. I-Monosaccharides iyisibonelo 'sokwakha' okusetshenziswa amaseli nezicubu zomzimba ukuhlinzeka ngezidingo zayo zamandla.
Lapho nje umuntu eseqede ukudla, izinga likashukela egazini lakhe liyakhuphuka, okuthi ama-pancreas athole isibonakaliso ngalo. Impendulo ukukhishwa kwenani elithile le-insulin, umsebenzi wayo ukuthutha ushukela emzimbeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-insulin ibandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwezindawo ezinoshukela emisipheni yemisipha namafutha.
Eminye imisebenzi ye-hormone esebenzayo into:
- ivuselela ukwakheka kwamafutha acid esibindini;
- kusebenze izinqubo zokukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni emzimbeni;
- kuvimbela ukwephulwa kwemizimba ye-glycogen ne-acetone;
- imisa inqubo yokuhlukanisa amaseli wamafutha;
- kuvimbela ukwehlukana kwezinto ezinamaprotheni kumaseli emisipha.
I-Insulin - into enikeza umzimba inani elanele lamandla ngokuhambisa i-monosaccharide (ushukela)
Ukusebenza okujwayelekile
Izinga le-insulin ezinganeni lihlukile kancane kunenani labantu abadala. Inani elivunyelwe le-hormone esiswini esingenalutho yi-20 mkU / l, okungenani 3 mkU / l. Lezi zinombolo zingaqhosha ingane engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-12.
Izinga elijwayelekile le-hormone ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12 ubudala lihambelana nezinkomba zabantu abadala:
- isilinganiso esiphezulu esivumelekile ngu-25 mkU / l;
- ubuncane bezinga elifanelekile ngu-3 mkU / l.
Yiziphi izindlela ezilawula izinkomba?
Kunezindlela eziningana ongabona ngazo ukuthi izinga elijwayelekile le-insulin egazini noma ukusebenza kwalo lingaphandle kwebanga elamukelekayo.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
Isiguli sidlulisa i-biomaterial esiswini esingenalutho endaweni yokuhlinza ilabhoratri. Ukuze umphumela ube ngolungile, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela ukuqoqwa kwezinto. Kulokhu, isidlo sokugcina akumele sibe ngaphambi kwamahora we-10-12 ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokusampula kwegazi. Ekuseni ungaphuza kuphela amanzi noma amaminerali amanzi ngaphandle kwegesi.
Udinga futhi ukulahla ukusetshenziswa kwamazinyo, ukuhlafuna insini, ukubhema.
Ukunqunyelwa kokubekezelela ushukela
Le ndlela yokucwaninga isekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi isiguli sihambisa izikhathi eziningi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho, bathatha igazi le-capillary noma le-venous. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi zaselabhorathri zithambisa i-glucose powder emanzini, isiguli siphuza le khambi, futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile (imvamisa 60, 90 noma imizuzu engama-120) sithatha igazi.
I-GTT kungenye yezindlela zokuthola izinga le-insulin egazini
Kubalulekile ukubiyela ngendlela efanayo nesikhathi sokuqala. Uma efiseleka, udokotela ohambelayo angabonisa ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi asidingayo ukuhlola amazinga e-insulin egazini.
Kungani amazinga e-insulin eshintsha kulo lonke uhlaziyo? Iqiniso ngukuthi i-glucose powder iyinto enuka kamnandi ekhuthaza ukukhuphuka kwe-glucose egazini kanye nokukhishwa kwe-insulin ngamanyikwe. Lonke lolu shintsho lubonwa ngokuya kwamandla wegazi.
Ukulinganisa ushukela
Le ndlela iyasebenza ukucacisa ukuthi ngabe izinga le-insulin egazini lengane noma izinkomba lingaphandle kwebanga elamukelekayo yini. Amazinga we-Glycemia alinganiswa ngezindlela eziningana:
- ukuhlaziywa kwebhubhoratri;
- imitha kashukela egazini ekhaya.
Lezi zilinganiso ngeke zikhombise inani eliqondile, kepha zizosiza ekuboneni ukwanda noma ukwehla kwezinga lezinto ezisebenza ngama-hormone.
Isilinganiso se-glucose nge-glucometer:
- Geza izandla zengane nomuntu ozothatha lezo zilinganiso kahle. Phatha umunwe ezinganeni ngotshwala noma ngenye ikhambi magciwane. Linda kuze kube yilapho umunwe usuwomile ngokuphelele.
- Awungeke usebenzise umunwe kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-earlobe, isithende (kuya ngeminyaka yengane).
- Setha imitha ngokufaka umucu wokuhlola ofanele ophathwe ngamakhemikhali kuwo.
- Shaya umunwe wengane ngedivayisi ekhethekile efakiwe ngemitha.
- Ithonsi legazi eliqhamukayo kufanele lifakwe ngqo endaweni ekhonjiswe kwimiyalo ese strip test.
- Ngemuva kwesilinganiso esithile sesikhathi (imvamisa ukusuka kumasekhondi ayi-10 kuye kwangama-40), umphumela wokulinganisa kwe-glycemia uyavela esikrinini sedivaysi ephathekayo.
Izinga le-insulin lingacaciswa nge-glucometer.
Amanani aphezulu
Uma izinga lezinto ezisebenza ngama-hormone lenyuka, kuvela izimpawu zesimo se-hypoglycemic. Inani elikhulu le-insulin livusa ukwehla koshukela egazini. Lokhu kugcwele iqiniso lokuthi amaseli womzimba awatholi amandla anele. Okokuqala, lokhu kusebenza kumaseli obuchopho. I-hypoglycemia yesikhathi eside ibanga imiphumela emibi engenakuphikwa. Amaseli aqala ukuphuma futhi afe, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-encephalopathy.
Izimbangela zamazinga aphezulu e-hormone egazini yilezi:
- ukuba khona kwe-tumor-secreting tumor (insulinoma) yamanyikwe;
- ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2;
- ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa, okuhambisana nokususwa kwengxenye yamathumbu amancane noma isisu (ukungena ngokushesha kokudla kuphephetha lamathumbu kuvuselela ukukhishwa njalo kwe-insulin);
- i-pathology yesistimu yezinzwa;
- izifo zesikhathi eside ezinobungozi obunobungozi;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kokudla;
- ukusebenza ngokweqile komzimba.
Izimpawu
Abazali baqaphela ukuthi ingane iba nesidina nje, ishiye imidlalo ejwayelekile, umdlalo wokuzijabulisa omnandi. Ukuqhaqhazela kubonakala emilenzeni nasezinzwaneni, emilenzeni ephansi yezindebe (efana ne-pathology yohlelo lwezinzwa). Ingane ihlala icela ukudla, kepha ngesikhathi esifanayo ayitholi isisindo nakancane, kunalokho, inganciphisa isisindo esengeziwe.
Uchwepheshe ofanelekayo anganquma kalula isimo se-hypoglycemic ngokusho kwezikhalazo zengane nabazali bakhe
Lapho esexilongiwe, udokotela unquma ukujuluka kwesikhumba, ukujuluka ngokweqile. Ababelethi bangabona ukuqashelwa.
Izindlela Zokulawula Isimo
Ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, udokotela kufanele anqume ukuthi kungani i-hyperinsulinism yenzeka. Ngaphandle kokuqeda izimbangela, akunakwenzeka ukususa izibonakaliso ze-pathology. Uma ukwakheka komlingiswa ocijile noma okulimazayo sekuyinto yesayensi yokuphamba, kufanele kususwe, khona-ke kwenziwa ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
Imfuneko ukulandela imigomo yokwelashwa kokudla. Ingane kufanele ithole inani elanele lamaprotheni, ama-lipid nama-carbohydrate, izinga elihambisana nobudala besiguli.
Uma ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemic kwenzeka:
- ukuhlinzeka isiguli okuthile okumnandi (uswidi, ujamu, itiye elishisayo);
- ukwethulwa kwekhambi le-glucose emthanjeni;
- umjovo we-adrenaline;
- ukuphathwa kwe-glucagon;
- izinhlungu zokuthungwa okukhokhisayo.
Amazinga aphansi ama-hormone
Izizathu zokuncipha kwe-insulin emzimbeni wengane:
Izimbangela ze-Insulin Ephezulu Yegazi- thayipha i-1 isifo sikashukela;
- ukudla ngokweqile;
- ukutholwa kwenombolo enkulu yemikhiqizo ecebile ngama-monosaccharides;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- ama-pathologies wesimo sokuvuvukala;
- ukucindezela
- ukunciphisa umzimba.
Izimpawu
Lapho ulinganisa ushukela wegazi, ukuba khona kwe-hyperglycemia kunqunywa. Ingane ibuza kaningi ukuphuza, ukudla, ukwanda kwe-pathological enanini lokuchama kuyavela.
Ingane idla okuningi, kepha ayitholi isisindo ngasikhathi sinye. Isikhumba nolwelwesi lwamafinyila selomile, izinga lokubona liyancipha, ukuqubuka kwamathambo kungabonakala kungapholi isikhathi eside.
I-Hyperglycemia - isibonakaliso sokuntuleka kwe-insulin emzimbeni
Siza
Isimo se-Hyperglycemic sidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo. Kuyadingeka ukuphatha amalungiselelo e-insulin. Baqala ngeqiniso lokuthi umuthi uphathwa ngendlela yayo emsulwa, bese kuba nesixazululo sikashukela ukuvimbela ukukhula kwe-hypoglycemia.
Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukwelashwa okubuyiselwa esikhundleni nge-insulin analogues yomuntu:
- ama-insulin amafushane - aqala ukwenza isenzo kungakapheli ihora, umphumela uthatha amahora angama-2-4;
- izidakamizwa zesikhathi esiphakathi nendawo - isenzo sikhula ngaphezu kwamahora angama-1-2 futhi sithatha amahora angama-12;
- insulin isikhathi eside - ukusebenza kahle kwesidakamizwa kuyabonakala usuku lonke.
Enye indlela edingekayo yokulungiswa kwamazinga e-insulin wukudla okuphansi kwe-carb. Izimiso zalo:
- Ukudla kaningi ngezingxenye ezincane.
- Ukwenqaba ushukela, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sweeteners yemvelo yemvelo noma yokwenziwa.
- Ukwenqaba utshwala, amafutha, ukubhema, ukudla okunosawoti.
- Uhlobo lokuphuza olwanele (amalitha 1.5-2 ngosuku).
- Okuthandwayo kunikezwa ngemikhiqizo entshontshiwe, ebilisiwe neyosiwe.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwekalori kubalwa ngawodwana (imvamisa 2500-2700 kcal ngosuku).
- Ukunciphisa inani lama-carbohydrate egayintayo, amaprotheni nama-lipid kuhlala kungaphakathi ebangeni elijwayelekile.
Uma kwenzeka kuba naluphi ushintsho esimweni sengane, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe ofanelekayo. Lokhu kuzovikela ukukhula kwesifo noma kusheshise ukululama lapho kutholakala isimo se-pathological ezigabeni zokuqala.
