Uhlobo 1 sikashukela yisifo esingapheli esidinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo nokuqashwa kwempilo yeziguli. Kubalulekile futhi ukunamathela ezimisweni zokudla okufanele futhi ngokujwayelekile ukuhola impilo enempilo. Kepha i-insulin yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 iwumuthi ophambili, ngaphandle kwawo cishe akunakwenzeka ukusiza isiguli.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile
Kuze kube manje, ukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nokugcina isiguli sisesimweni esihle ngokusebenzisa imijovo ye-insulin. Emhlabeni wonke, ososayensi bahlala benza ucwaningo ngezinye izindlela zokusiza iziguli ezinje. Isibonelo, odokotela bakhuluma ngamathuba wemibono yokuqamba amaseli e-beta anempilo we-pancreas. Ngemuva kwalokho bahlela ukufakelwa iziguli ukuqeda isifo sikashukela. Kepha kuze kube manje le ndlela ayikaze idlule ekuvivinyweni kwemitholampilo, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukwelashwa okunjalo ngisho naphakathi kohlaka lokuhlolwa.
Akuzona zonke iziguli ezingakwamukela ukwelashelwa ngokomqondo ngaso leso sikhathi, ezinye zazo zicabanga ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ushukela uvamile ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kodwa, ngeshwa, ngesifo sikashukela esifuna i-insulin, lokhu akunakwenzeka ngokwako. Abanye abantu baqala ukujova i-insulin kuphela ngemuva kokungeniswa esibhedlela okokuqala, lapho lesi sifo sesivele sidlala ngamandla. Kungcono ukungakulethi kulokhu, kepha ukuqala ukwelashwa okufanele ngokushesha bese ulungisa indlela ejwayelekile yokuphila.
Ukutholwa kwe-insulin kwakuyinguquko kwezokwelapha, ngoba ngaphambi kokuba iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ziphila okuncane kakhulu, futhi izinga lempilo yazo yayimbi kakhulu kunaleyo yabantu abanempilo. Izidakamizwa zesimanje zivumela iziguli ukuba ziphile impilo ejwayelekile futhi zizizwe zizinhle. Abesifazane abasebasha abanalesi sifo, ngenxa yokwelashwa nokuxilongwa, ezimweni eziningi bangakhulelwa futhi bazale izingane. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusondela kokwelashwa kwe-insulin hhayi kusuka endaweni yokubuka kwemikhawulo ethile yempilo, kepha ngokombono wethuba langempela lokugcina impilo nenhlala-kahle iminyaka eminingi.
Uma ulandela izincomo zikadokotela eziphathelene nokwelashwa kwe-insulin, ubungozi bemiphumela emibi yesidakamizwa luzoncishiswa. Kubalulekile ukugcina i-insulin ngokwemiyalo, faka imithamo enqunywe udokotela wakho, futhi ubheke usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngemiphumela emibi ye-insulin nemithetho ezosiza ukuyigwema, bheka le ndatshana.
Ungayenza kanjani imijovo?
Ukusebenza kwendlela yokusebenzisa i-insulin kuncike ekutheni isiguli siphathwa kahle kangakanani. I-algorithm eyisibonelo yokuphatha i-algorithm imi kanje:
- Indawo yomjovo kufanele iphathwe nge-antiseptic futhi yomiswe kahle nge-gauze napkins ukuze utshwala buqhume ngokuphelele kusuka esikhunjeni (ngokwethulwa kwamanye ama-insulin lesi sinyathelo akudingekile, ngoba aqukethe ama-disinfectants akhethekile okulondolozwa).
- Isirinji le-insulin lidinga ukushayela inani ledingekayo lehormone. Ungaqala uqoqe imali ethe xaxa, bese ukhipha umoya ovela kwisirinji uye kumaki ngqo.
- Khipha umoya, uqiniseke ukuthi awekho ama-bubble amakhulu kwisirinji.
- Ngezandla ezihlanzekile, udinga ukwakha isibaya sesikhumba bese uwufaka umuthi kuwo ngokunyakaza okusheshayo.
- Inaliti kufanele isuswe, ibambe indawo yomjovo ngokotini. Ukuzivocavoca indawo yomjovo akudingekile.
Enye yemithetho eyinhloko yokuphatha i-insulin ukungena ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwesikhumba, hhayi endaweni yemisipha. Umjovo we-intramuscular kungaholela ekutheni uvinjelwe i-insulin futhi kubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala kule ndawo.
Akufanele uhlanganise i-insulin yemikhiqizo ehlukile kusirinji efanayo, ngoba lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni yezempilo engalindeleki. Akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuhlangana kwezakhi, okusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubikezela umphumela wazo kushukela wegazi kanye nenhlala-kahle yeziguli
Indawo yokulawulwa kwe-insulin ifiseleka ukuyishintsha: ngokwesibonelo, ekuseni ungafaka insulin esiswini, ngesikhathi sasemini - ethangeni, bese kuba engaphambili, njll. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ukuze i-lipodystrophy ingenzeki, okungukuthi, ukuncipha kwamafutha angaphansi. Nge-lipodystrophy, indlela yokufakwa kwe-insulin iyaphazamiseka, kungenzeka ingangeni izicubu ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuthinta ukusebenza kahle kwomuthi futhi kwandisa ubungozi be-spikes ngokuzumayo ushukela wegazi.
Ukwelashwa komjovo wesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
I-insulin yohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela ayisetshenziswa kakhulu, ngoba lesi sifo sihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic ezingeni lamaselula kunokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin. Imvamisa, le hormone ikhiqizwa amaseli we-pancreatic beta. Futhi, njengomthetho, onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, zisebenza ngokujwayelekile. Amazinga kashukela egazini akhuphuka ngenxa yokumelana ne-insulin, okungukuthi, ukuncipha kokuzwela kwezicubu kwe-insulin. Ngenxa yalokhu, ushukela awukwazi ukungena kumaseli egazi, esikhundleni salokho, unqwabelana egazini.
Uma iningi lamaseli e-beta lisebenza kahle, khona-ke omunye wemisebenzi yokwelapha uhlobo lwe-non-insulin-isifo olincike kulo ukuwagcina esesimweni esifanayo
Ngohlobo olunzima lwesifo sikashukela esingu-2 kanye nezinguquko ezivame emazingeni kashukela wegazi, la mangqamuzana angafa noma enze buthaka umsebenzi wawo wokusebenza. Kulokhu, ukwenza isimo sibe ngeso lesiqhelo, isiguli kuzodingeka ukuthi sikhambe isikhashana noma sikhweze insulin njalo.
Futhi, imijovo ye-hormone ingadingeka ukuze kulondolozwe umzimba ngezikhathi zokudluliselwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, okuyisivivinyo sangempela sokungavikeleki kwesifo sikashukela. Ama-pancreas njengamanje angaveza i-insulin enganele, ngoba nayo iyahlupheka ngenxa yokudakwa komzimba.
Ngohlobo olunesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 olulula, iziguli zivame ukwenza ngaphandle kwamaphilisi anciphisa ushukela. Balawula lesi sifo kuphela ngosizo lokudla okhethekile nokuzivocavoca okukhanyayo okukhanyayo, kuyilapho bengakhohlwa ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile okwenziwe ngudokotela nokulinganisa ushukela wegazi. Kepha kulezo zikhathi lapho i-insulin ibekelwe ukonakala kwesikhashana, kungcono ukulandela izincomo ukuze kugcinwe amandla wokugcina lesi sifo silawulwa esikhathini esizayo.
Izinhlobo ze-insulin
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, wonke ama-insulin angahlukaniswa ngombandela ngamaqembu alandelayo:
Izidakamizwa ezintsha zohlobo 2 sikashukela namagama wazo- isenzo se-ultrashort;
- isenzo esifushane;
- isenzo esiphakathi;
- isenzo eside
I-Ultrashort insulin iqala ukusebenza imizuzu eyi-10-15 ngemuva komjovo. Umphumela wayo emzimbeni uhlala amahora ama-4-5.
Izidakamizwa ezibamba amafushane ziqala ukusebenza ngokwesilinganiso sehora ihora ngemuva komjovo. Isikhathi sethonya labo amahora angama-5-6. I-Ultrashort insulin ingahanjiswa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokudla noma ngokushesha ngemuva kwayo. I-insulin emfushane inconyelwa ukuphathwa kuphela ngaphambi kokudla, ngoba ayiqali ukwenza ngokushesha okukhulu.
I-insulin esebenza njenge-insulin, uma idakwe, iqala ukunciphisa ushukela kuphela ngemuva kwamahora ama-2, futhi isikhathi sokwenza kwayo okujwayelekile kufinyelela emahoreni ayi-16.
Izidakamizwa zesikhathi eside (ezinwetshiwe) ziqala ukuthinta i-carbohydrate metabolism ngemuva kwamahora ayi-10-12 futhi azikhishwa emzimbeni amahora angama-24 noma ngaphezulu.
Zonke lezi zidakamizwa zinemisebenzi ehlukile. Ezinye zazo ziphathwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokudla ukuze ziyeke i-postprandial hyperglycemia (ukwanda koshukela ngemuva kokudla).
Ama-insulin aphakathi nendawo nokusebenza isikhathi eside ayabanjiswa ukuze kulondolozwe izinga likashukela eliqondisiwe ngokuqhubekayo usuku lonke. Imithamo nokuphathwa kukhethwe ngokwahlukana kukashukela ngamunye, kuye ngeminyaka yakhe, isisindo, izici zenkathi yesifo sikashukela kanye nokuba khona kwezifo ezihambisanayo. Kunohlelo lombuso lokusabalalisa i-insulin kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, esihlinzekela mahhala lo muthi kubo bonke abadinga usizo.
Indima yokudla
Njengoba unesifo sikashukela sanoma yiluphi uhlobo, ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwe-insulin, kubalulekile ukuthi isiguli silandele indlela esidla ngayo. Izimiso zokudla okwelaphayo ziyafana ezigulini ezinezindlela ezihlukile zalesi sifo, kodwa kusekhona umehluko. Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, ukudla kungahle kube okubanzi, ngoba bathola le hormone kusuka ngaphandle.
Ngokulashwa okukhethwe kahle kanye noshukela onikezwe kahle, umuntu angadla cishe yonke into. Vele, sikhuluma kuphela ngemikhiqizo ephilile neyemvelo, njengoba imikhiqizo esekuqediwe nokudla okungenamsoco ibekelwe zonke iziguli. Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukuphatha kahle i-insulin yabanesifo sikashukela futhi ukwazi ukubala kahle inani lemithi edingekayo, kuya ngevolumu nokwakheka kokudla.
Isisekelo sokudla kwesiguli esitholakala sinezinkinga ze-metabolic kufanele sibe:
- imifino emisha nezithelo ezinenkomba ye-glycemic ephansi noma ephakathi;
- imikhiqizo yobisi yokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphansi;
- okusanhlamvu okunama-carbohydrate aphambili ekwakhekeni;
- inyama yokudla nenhlanzi.
Isifo sikashukela eselashwa nge-insulin kwesinye isikhathi singasithenga isinkwa namanye amaswidi emvelo (uma engenazo izinkinga zesifo). Iziguli zohlobo lwesibili sikashukela kufanele zilandele ukudla okuqinile, ngoba esimweni sazo kunokudla okunempilo okuyisisekelo sokwelashwa.
Ngenxa yokulungiswa kokudla, ungaqeda isisindo ngokweqile futhi unciphise umthwalo kuzo zonke izitho ezibalulekile
Inyama nenhlanzi nazo zibaluleke kakhulu esigulini esigulayo, ngoba zingumthombo wamaprotheni, okuyiqiniso, okuyinto yokwakha amaseli. Izitsha ezivela kule mikhiqizo zi-steam best, zibhakwe noma zibilisiwe, zidliwe. Kuyadingeka ukunakekela izinhlobo ezinamafutha aphansi enyama nezinhlanzi, hhayi ukufaka usawoti omningi ngenkathi upheka.
Ukudla okunamafutha, okuthosiwe nokubhemayo akukhuthaziwe ezigulini ezinanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luphi lokwelashwa nobunzima besifo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izitsha ezinjalo zigcwala ama-pancreas futhi zandisa ingozi yezifo zesistimu yenhliziyo.
Isifo sikashukela kudingeka sikwazi ukubala inani lamayunithi esinkwa ekudleni kanye nethamo elifanele le-insulin ukuze kulondolozwe izinga likashukela egazini eliqondiwe. Konke lokhu okufihliwe kanye nama-nuances, njengomthetho, kuchazwa yi-endocrinologist ngokubonisana. Lokhu kubuye kufundiswe "ezikoleni zesifo sikashukela", esivame ukusebenza ezikhungweni nasemitholampilo ekhethekile.
Yini enye ebalulekile ukwazi ngesifo sikashukela kanye ne-insulin?
Kungenzeka ukuthi, zonke iziguli ezake zatholakala zinalokhu zikhathazekile ngokuthi ziphila isikhathi eside kangakanani nesifo sikashukela nokuthi lesi sifo sithinta kanjani impilo yazo. Impendulo ecacile yalo mbuzo ayikho, ngoba konke kuncike ekujuleni kwesifo nesimo sengqondo somuntu ngokugula kwakhe, nangasesigabeni lapho satholakala khona. Uma isiguli sinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala sisheshe siqale ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, maningi amathuba okuba sigcine impilo ejwayelekile iminyaka ezayo.
Ukuze ushukela unxephezelwe kahle, kubalulekile ukukhetha umthamo ofanele we-insulin futhi ungaphuthelwa umjovo
Udokotela kufanele akhethe umuthi, noma yimiphi imizamo yokuzelapha ekwelashweni ingaqeda ngehluleki. Imvamisa, isiguli kuqala ukukhethwa i-insulin eyeluliwe, ezoyiphatha ebusuku noma ekuseni (kepha kwesinye isikhathi inconywa ukuthi ihlaselwe kabili ngosuku). Bese uqhubeka nokubalwa kwenani le-insulin emfushane noma ye-ultrashort.
Kungcono ukuthi isiguli sithenga isilinganiselo ekhishini ukuze sazi isisindo ngqo, okuqukethwe kwekhalori nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali esitsheni (inani lamaprotheni, amafutha nama-carbohydrate akulo). Ukuze ukhethe umthamo ofanele we-insulin emfushane, isiguli kudingeka silinganise ushukela wegazi njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kokudla, kanye namahora angama-2,5 emva kwaso, bese siqopha lezi zibalo kwidayari yomuntu ngamunye. Kubalulekile ukuthi kulezi zinsuku zokukhetha umthamo womuthi, inani lamandla lezitsha umuntu adla ngalo isidlo sasekuseni, isidlo sasemini nakusihlwa kufanele lifane. Kungaba ukudla okuhlukahlukene, kepha kumele kuqukethe inani elilinganayo lamafutha, amaprotheni nama-carbohydrate.
Lapho ukhetha umuthi, odokotela bavame ukutusa ukuqala ngemithamo ephansi ye-insulin futhi bayandise kancane kancane lapho kudingeka. Isazi se-endocrinologist silinganisela izinga lokukhuphuka ushukela phakathi nosuku, ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kwalokho. Akuzona zonke iziguli ezidinga ukufaka umjovo we-insulin njalo ngaphambi kokudla - ezinye zazo zidinga ukwenza imijovo kanye noma kaningana ngosuku. Asikho uhlelo olujwayelekile lokusebenzisa umuthi lo; luhlala lukhiqizwa ngudokotela uqobo esigulini ngasinye, kucatshangelwa izici zenkambo yesifo kanye nedatha yaselebhu.
Njengoba unesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukuthi isiguli sithole udokotela onekhono ongamsiza ukuthi akhethe ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu futhi akutshele ukuthi kulula kanjani ukujwayela impilo entsha. I-insulin yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 yithuba kuphela leziguli lokugcina impilo enhle isikhathi eside. Ukulandela izincomo zabodokotela nokugcina ushukela ulawulwa, umuntu angaphila impilo egcwele, engahlukile kakhulu empilweni yabantu abaphilile.
