Enye yezifo ezitholakala kakhulu kwabesifazane yisifo sikashukela. Ukuvela kwalesi sifo kwabesifazane kuhlotshaniswa nezizathu eziningi, okusukela ekuchazeni izakhi zofuzo emzimbeni wesifazane kuya kwezifo ze-endocrine futhi kugcina ngokulungiswa kabusha kwehomoni okunamandla komzimba wesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangesikhathi sokuya esikhathini.
Igama elithi isifo sikashukela isifo sikashukela yisifo esibi esingapheliyo. Lesi sifo siholela ekuphulweni kwezinqubo eziningi ze-metabolic emzimbeni wesifazane, kepha i-carbohydrate metabolism iyathinteka kakhulu. Ukuthuthuka kancane kwezimpawu kudala ingozi enkulu empilweni, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isifo sikashukela siyoholela ekuqhamukeni kwezinkinga zezitho eziningi, ikakhulukazi ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo. Kwabesifazane, isifo sikashukela sihluke ngandlela thile kunakwabesilisa, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kubalulekile ukwazi izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane.
Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zesifo sikashukela, kepha izinhlobo zokuqala nesibili sikashukela, kanye nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, zithathwa njengezona ezivame kakhulu kubantu besifazane. Ngenye indlela ibizwa ngokuthi i-insulin-incike noma ulutsha - uhlobo lokuqala, ne-insulin engazweli - uhlobo 2 sikashukela, ifomu lokuhlangana nalo lihambisana nesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kubantu besifazane lesi sifo singaba khona lapho sikhona. Uhlobo lokumiswa komzimba lukhula ngesikhathi sesikhathi sokukhulelwa sesibili futhi okwamanje asiqondwa kahle.
Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sikashukela ukwanda koshukela egazini
Ama-pathogenesis abo ahlukile, kepha izimpawu eziyinhloko zicishe zifane. Uhlobo 1 sikashukela i-mellitus, njengomthetho, sikhula ngokushesha futhi sibe nesithombe esicacile somtholampilo sinezimpawu ezichazwe kahle. Kepha uhlobo lwesibili luyinto ethembisayo ngokwengeziwe, ngoba isikhathi se-prediabetesic singakhula eminyakeni eminingi.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane cishe azifani nezamadoda, kodwa ngokunemba kokuxilongwa, kudingeka zihlukaniswe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukungazinaki izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwezinkinga ezinkulu kanye nokukhubazeka. Ulwazi kuphela lwezimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela olungasiza ukumisa ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo esicasulayo.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela emzimbeni wowesifazane zifaka izimpawu ezifana:
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela soHlelo 1- Ubuthakathaka. Ukukhathala, ukuhlaselwa njalo kwesomandla kungenye yezimpawu zokuqala ezesabekayo, noma ngabe hlobo luni. Ubuthakathaka buhlanganiswa kalula nemizwa ngesikhathi sokushintshashintsha kwehomoni ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Ubuthakathaka kulesi sifo bungaba nephutha lokuphambuka kwanyanga zonke enhlalakahleni ephelele.
- Umile. Umuzwa womlomo owomile nokoma okungenakuqhathaniswa ngezinye zezimpawu ezibonakalayo zalesi sifo kubantu besifazane, kepha lesi simpawu asicacanga kakhulu. Ukuvela komile nokuthambekela kokuphuza isilinganiso esikhulu soketshezi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamandla komzimba ngenxa yokuchama kaningi.
- Ukuchama kaningi kuwuphawu lwalesi sifo futhi kwenzeka njengendlela yokucindezela yokususa i-glucose eyeqile emzimbeni. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-glycosuria futhi sinqunywa ngokudlula ekuhlolweni jikelele komchamo.
Kukhona nezimpawu zomuntu ngazinye zohlobo oluthile lwesifo. Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela luhambisana nokuncipha kwesisindo sowesifazane, futhi lesi sibonakaliso siyaphawulelwa ngemuva kwesizinda sokudla okwandayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uhlobo lwe-2 sifo luyisimpawu sabesifazane abanezinkinga ze-metabolic, imvamisa banokukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile ngamazinga ahlukahlukene. Eminyakeni edlule, izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo ziyanda.
Yini ebangela isifo sikashukela kwabesifazane?
Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 luba mncane ngokwedlule, ukuvela kwaso kuhlotshaniswa nezizathu eziningi, okusho ukuthi, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siyisifo se-multifactorial. Izici eziyinhloko eziholela ekwakhiweni kwe-insulin engamelana nesifo yilezi:
- Indlela yokuphila engalungile yokuhlangana nokungasebenzi ngokomzimba yinto enkulu ekutholeni isisindo somzimba ngokweqile.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile ngenxa yokudla okungalingani okungenampilo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanani amakhulu okudla kwe-carbohydrate.
- Izimo ezicindezelayo. Ukwanda ngokweqile kwengqondo-ngokomzwelo.
- Inani elinganele lokulala liholela ekuqokeleleni nasekubonisweni kwamafutha emzimbeni wowesifazane.
Ngokushoda kwe-insulin, ushukela awunakungena usuka egazini ungene emangqamuzaneni omzimba, obangela i-hyperglycemia
Isamba esengeziwe sezicubu ze-adipose kancane kancane sakha ukumelana ne-insulin kuwo wonke izicubu zomzimba, okuholela ekunqwabeni kweglucose egazini. Ngendlela, ukukhuluphala kungenye yezimpawu zesimo esivimbela ukumelana nesifo se-insulin. Ukuze unxephezele i-hyperglycemia, amaseli we-pancreatic aqala ukukhiqiza ngentshiseko i-insulin futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ancipha.
Enye indlela okungathiwa, uhlobo lwabesifazane lwalesi sifo yisifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa uma owesifazane eba nethuba lokuthola lesi sifo kulesi sici. Indlela yokuthinta yenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko ezibalulekile zamahomoni emzimbeni wesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhulelwa. Ngokuthuthukiswa kokukhulelwa, izinguquko zenzeka kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-metabolism, kufaka phakathi ukumelana ne-insulin.
Izimpawu ngokuya ngeminyaka
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kunezindlela ezicacile nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane. Ngokuvamile, isithombe somtholampilo nezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye zingahlukahluka kakhulu futhi kuya ngominyaka yowesifazane. Ifomu elincike ku-insulin lenzeka ebusheni futhi libonakala ngokuqala kwesi sifo.
Isifo sikashukela sivela kanjani ngokuya ngeminyaka yowesifazane? Ifomu elilwa ne-insulin lenzeka kancane futhi lithuthuka emashumini eminyaka. Imvamisa, uhlobo 2 sikashukela luvela kwabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30, lapho inani elikhulu lezinto eziyingozi linqwabelana. Owesifazane kungenzeka angaziboni izibonakaliso zokuqala isikhathi eside kakhulu, kepha lesi sifo siyaqhubeka kancane kancane. Ngokwesifo sohlobo lwesibili kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-30 ubudala, kuvela izimpawu ezifana nokoma okungagculisi, i-polyuria kanye nokunciphisa umzimba. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu ngesikhathi futhi wenze ukuxilongwa okuhlukile ngaphandle kwe-insipidus yesifo sikashukela, enezimbangela ezihluke ngokuphelele, kepha ezinye izimpawu ziyafana.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40 zivame ukudidaniswa nesikhathi se-climacteric, ngoba ngaso, owesifazane uphazamiseka yizimpawu ezifanayo. Abesifazane be-menopausal bangahle bome ukoma nokuchama, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila owomile nokukhanya okushisayo. Kulesi sikhathi, isifo sikashukela sivame ukutholakala ngokungazenzisi, ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa emsebenzini wokuzivikela emsebenzini. Kulesi sikhathi, ngokuqalwa kweshukela engamelana ne-insulin, i-metabolic syndrome iza kuqala, njengoba abesifazane ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokubeletha bathambekele ekuzuzeni isisindo somzimba ngokweqile.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane abaneminyaka engama-50 nazo zingavinjelwa ukubonakaliswa kwe-postmenopausal, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukusola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Esikhathini sesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, izifo ezithathelwanayo nezivuvukala emzimbeni wangaphandle ziyabonakala kakhulu kubantu besifazane, okuyisimpawu esibonisa isifo sikashukela i-mellitus. Futhi, izifo zokuvuvukala zivame ukubonwa esikhumbeni, futhi ukwelashwa kwazo kuthatha isikhathi esiningi.
Iqiniso ngukuthi kwisifo sikashukela i-mellitus, isixhumanisi esiyinhloko se-pathogenetic yi-hyperglycemia. Ukwanda ushukela wegazi kuyindawo ekahle yokuzala yezifo ezingamagciwane, futhi ngokuqondile maqondana nalokhu ukuthi izifo ezithathelwanayo kwisifo sikashukela mellitus zinzima kakhulu futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphulukisa. Ngendlela, kwabesifazane abaseminyakeni esakhula, ngokwesibonelo, eneminyaka engu-60, izimpawu zokushintshwa kwesifo sikashukela zihanjiswa ukwehla komzimba wokumelana nomzimba, izifo ezingamahlwili zenhliziyo.
Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka ushukela wegazi lakho ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kowesifazane ziyanda, futhi kuba nzima ukungazinaki, kepha kulesi sikhathi lesi sifo sivele sinezimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwezitho nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene.
Izinkinga nezimpawu ezihambisana nazo
Yiziphi izingozi kowesifazane ongalapheki isifo sikashukela? Njengoba kunesifo sikashukela esivele sikhona futhi esingalungiseki, kwenziwa izinguquko eziningi ze-pathological ezithweni nasezinhlakeni ezihlukile.
Okokuqala, uhlelo lwezinhliziyo luhlushwa, umfazi uba nesifo se-atherosclerotic kanye ne-arterial hypertension. Ukwakheka okwedlulele kwama-atherosclerotic plaque kwenzeka, i-lumen yemikhumbi iyancipha, okuholela kwizimpawu ezinjengokuqina kwamaphethelo aphezulu nangaphansi. Ngenxa ye-atherosclerosis, ukulethwa kwegazi ku-retina kuya kuqina futhi lokhu kuholela ekuwohlokeni masinyane kombono. Ngesifo sikashukela, umzimba uyaguga uqhubeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ingozi yezifo ezinjengokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, ingozi yengozi yokuqina kwezinyawo, unyawo lwesifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, ukubangwa kwezitho zomzimba kukhuphuka kakhulu.
Ukuxilonga
Indlela main yokuxilonga yanoma yiluphi uhlobo izivivinyo zaselebhu. Qiniseka ukuthi isiguli sithatha igazi eline-venous esifundweni se-biochemical, lapho ukunqunyelwa kwe-glucose ku-plasma yegazi kunqunywa. Ngokukhuphuka kwamanani eglucose angaphezu kuka-7 mmol / l egazini, kukhombisa ubukhona bokuphikisana ne-insulin nesifo sikashukela. Qiniseka ukuthi unquma ukuhlaziya okujwayelekile komchamo, lapho kutholwa khona ukuhlolwa kweglucose okuhle. Kanye nomchamo, inani elikhulu le-glucose likhishwa ukuze kunxeshezelwe i-hyperglycemia yegazi.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kowesifazane kuya ngohlobo lwayo. Ngokwefomu elincike ku-insulin, ushukela kwabesifazane kumele ulungiswe impilo ngokusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa nge-insulin. Kulokhu, lona wesifazane ulimaza i-insulin ngokweqile kaningana ngosuku. Umthamo we-insulin ukhethwa ngudokotela ohambelayo. Ukwelashwa okubuyiselwayo, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-insulin. Esinye isimo esiyinhloko sokulungiswa kwe-hyperglycemia ukwelashwa kokudla, okuthwala kuze kufike ku-50% wokusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa. Ukudla okukhethekile kwabanesifo sikashukela kufaka phakathi ukulawula okuqinile kokudla kokudla kwe-carbohydrate. Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kumele ziphile impilo enempilo futhi zigweme ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba.
