E-Russian Federation, cishe amaphesenti angama-45 abantu abatholakala benesifo sikashukela basebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-insulin impilo yabo yonke. Ngokuya ngohlobo lonyango, udokotela angayala i-insulin emfushane, ephakathi neyisikhathi eside.
Izidakamizwa eziyisisekelo ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela zingama-insulin aphakathi nendawo. I-hormone enjalo ihanjiswa kanye noma kabili ngosuku.
Njengoba ukumunca umuthi kuhamba kancane, umphumela we-hypoglycemic uqala ihora elilodwa nesigamu kuphela ngemuva komjovo.
Izinhlobo ze-insulin
- I-insulin efakwa ngokushesha esheshayo iqala ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini imizuzu engu-15-30 ngemuva kokufakwa emzimbeni. Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu egazini kungatholakala ngemuva kwehora elilodwa nohhafu kuya kumabili, ngokwesilinganiso, i-insulin enjalo ikwazi ukwenza isenzo kusuka emahoreni amahlanu kuya kwayi-8.
- Isikhathi esiphakathi insulin yehlisa amazinga kashukela egazi elilodwa nesigamu kuya emahoreni amabili ngemuva kokuphathwa kwayo. Ukuqoqeka okuphezulu kwento esegazini kubonwa ngemuva kwamahora we-5-8, umphumela wesidakamizwa uhlala amahora angama-10-12.
- I-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside isebenza amahora amabili kuya kwamane ngemuva kokuphathwa emzimbeni. Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuhlushwa kwento esegazini libonwa ngemuva kwamahora angama-8 kuya kwayi-12. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-insulin, lesi sidakamizwa siyasebenza ngosuku. Kukhona futhi nama-insulin anomthelela we-hypoglycemic amahora angama-36.
Futhi, i-insulin, ngokuya ngendlela yokuzihlanza, ingaba ejwayelekile, i-monopic ne-monocomponent. Ngendlela ejwayelekile, ukuhlanza kwenziwa nge-chromatography, i-monopic peak insulin itholakala ngokuhlanzwa yi-gel chromatography. Kwi-insulin esebenza nge-insulin, i-chionatography ye-ion-exchange isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlanzwa.
Izinga lokuhlanzwa lihlulelwa inani lezinhlayiya ze-proinsulin ngezinhlayiya eziyisigidi ze-insulin. Isenzo eside se-insulin singatholakala ngoba i-hormone ifakwa ekwelashweni okukhethekile namaprotheni ne-zinc kuyengezelelwa kukho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-insulin ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana, kuya ngendlela yokulungiselela kwabo. I-insulin ye-Homologous yabantu itholakala ngokuhlanganiswa kwamagciwane kanye ne-semisynthesis kusuka kumanyikwe ingulube. I-Heterologous insulin yakhelwe kusuka kumanyikwe ezinkomeni nasezingulubeni.
I-insulin eyenziwe nge-insulin eyenziwe ngabantu itholakala ngokufaka i-amino acid alanine nge-threonine. I-insulin enjalo ihlala isetshenziswa uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela enokulwa ne-insulin, ukungazidli ezinye izidakamizwa.
I-Insulin Ephakathi nendawo ephakathi
Umphumela omkhulu ungabonakala ngemuva kwamahora we-6-10. Isikhathi somsebenzi womuthi kuncike kumthamo okhethiwe.
Ikakhulu, ngokwethulwa kwamayunithi ama-8-12 e-hormone, i-insulin izosebenza amahora angu-12-14, uma usebenzisa umthamo wamayunithi angama-20-25, umuthi uzosebenza amahora angu-16-16.
Ukuhlanganiswa okubalulekile kungenzeka ukuthi kuxutshaniswe i-hormone ne-insulin esheshayo. Ngokuya ngomenzi nokwakheka, umuthi unamagama ahlukile. Abaziwa kakhulu ama-insulin wesikhathi esiphakathi:
- I-Insuman Bazal,
- I-Biosulin N,
- I-Berlinsulin-N basal,
- Homofan 100,
- I-Protofan NM,
- Humulin NRH.
Futhi emashalofini emakhemisi, kunikezwa umuthi wesimanje wokukhiqizwa waseRussia iBrinsulmi-di ChSP, oqukethe ukumiswa kwe-insulin ne-protamine.
Ama-insulin wesikhathi esiphakathi akhonjiswa:
- Uhlobo 1 isifo sikashukela;
- Uhlobo 2 isifo sikashukela;
- Uma kwenzeka izinkinga zesifo sikashukela ngesimo se-ketoacidosis, acidosis;
- Ngokukhula kwezifo ezinzima, izifo ezithinta umzimba, ukuhlinzwa okuningana, isikhathi se-postoperative, usizi, ukucindezelwa kwabanesifo sikashukela.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lweHormone
Ukufakwa kwenziwa esiswini, ethangeni. Ingalo yangaphambi kwezicubu. Umthamo unqunywa ngawodwana, enconyweni kadokotela ohambelayo. Ukuphathwa okuphathelene nomuthi kungavunyelwe.
Kubalulekile ukulandela zonke izincomo zikadokotela zokukhetha uhlobo lwehomoni, umthamo kanye nesikhathi sokuchayeka. Uma isifo sikashukela sisuka engulubeni noma enyameni insulin uye kumuntu ofanayo, kulungiswa idosi.
Ngaphambi kokwethulwa komuthi, i-vial kufanele inyakaziswe ngobumnene ukuze i-solvent ixubeke ngokuphelele futhi amafomu we-turbid. Umthamo ofiselekile we-insulin udonswa masinyane kwisirinji futhi ulimale.
Awungeke wenze ukunyakazisa ngamandla kwebhodlela ukuze kungabonakali amagwebu, lokhu kungaphazamisa ukukhethwa komthamo ofanele. Isirinji se-insulin kufanele silinganise ukuhlangana kwehomoni esetshenzisiwe.
Ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwe-insulin, indawo yomjovo ayidingi ukugcotshwa. Kubalulekile ukuguqula amasayithi womjovo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuqikelela ukuthi inaliti ayingeni emithanjeni yegazi.
- Ukuphathwa kwe-insulin eshukela sikashukela kwenziwa imizuzu engama-45-60 ngaphambi kokudla izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngosuku.
- Iziguli zabantu abadala eziphathwe umuthi okokuqala kufanele zithole umthamo wokuqala wamayunithi angama-8-24 kanye ngosuku.
- Lapho kukhona ukuzwela okuphezulu kwe-hormone, izingane nabantu abadala abaphathwanga amayunithi angaphezu kwama-8 ngosuku.
- Uma ukuzwela kwe-hormone kuncishisiwe, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa umthamo wezitho ezingaphezu kwama-24 ngosuku.
- Umthamo owodwa omkhulu ungaba amayunithi angama-40. Ukweqa lo mkhawulo kungenzeka kuphela esimweni esiphuthumayo esiphuthumayo.
I-insulin yesikhathi esiphakathi ingasetjenziswa ngokuhlangana ne-insulin esebenza ngokufushane. Kulokhu, i-insulin esheshayo iqoqwa kuqala kwisirinji. Umjovo wenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthi umuthi uxutshwe.
Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ukwakheka kwe-insulin, ngoba kuyenqatshelwe ukuxuba amalungiselelo we-zinc nehormone equkethe i-phosphate.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umuthi, i-vial kumele ihlolwe ngokucophelela. Uma kuvela ama-flakes noma ezinye izinhlayiya kuwo lapho zihlanganiswa, i-insulin ayivunyelwe. Umuthi uphathwa ngokuya ngemiyalo efakwe kwipeni yesirinji. Ukuze ugweme amaphutha, udokotela kumele akufundise ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani insimbi ukufaka i-hormone.
Abesifazane abatholakala benesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kufanele bahlole ushukela wegazi labo. Esikhathini ngasinye sokukhulelwa, kuyadingeka ukulungisa umthamo, kuya ngezidingo zomzimba.
Futhi, ushintsho kumthamo we-hormone ungadingeka ngenkathi uncelisa ibele.
Contraindication kanye ne-overdose
Ngomthamo ongalungile, isiguli singathola izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia ngesimo sokujuluka kwamakhaza, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, ukukhumsha kwesikhumba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuthuthumela, ukwethuka, isicanucanu, ukugabha ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba, ikhanda. Umuntu angaqala futhi abe ne-precoma ne-coma.
Uma i-hypoglycemia emnene noma elinganiselayo ibonwa, isiguli kufanele sithole umthamo ofanele we-glucose ngendlela yamathebulethi, ujusi wezithelo, uju, ushukela neminye imikhiqizo equkethe ushukela.
Uma kutholakala i-hypoglycemia ebabazekayo, umuntu ulahlekelwa ingqondo noma ukhubazekile, i-50 ml yesisombululo sikashukela esingu-50% sifakwa ngokuphuthumayo esigulini. Okulandelayo ukumfaka okuqhubekayo kwesisombululo se-glucose esi-5% noma i-10%. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkomba zikashukela, i-creatinine, ne-urea esegazini zigadiwe.
Lapho umuntu onesifo sikashukela ebuyela ezingqondweni, uphiwa ukudla okune-carbohydrate yokudla ukuze ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemia kungaphindi.
I-insulin yesikhathi esiphakathi ihlukaniswe ku:
- i-hypoglycemia;
- insuloma;
- I-hypersensitivity kwi-insulin ye-hormone noma kunoma yiziphi izingxenye zomuthi.
Kubalulekile ukucabanga ukuthi umuthi ungadala imiphumela emibi evame ukwenzeka ngokudla ngokweqile, okukhohliwe noma ukudla okune-belated, ukuzivocavoca umzimba osindayo, kanye nokukhula kwezifo ezinzima ezithathelanayo. Kulokhu, izimpawu zihambisana ne-hypoglycemia, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ukuthuthumela, ukuphazamiseka kokulala.
Ukusabela komzimba kuvame ukubonwa uma isiguli sinokuzwela okwengeziwe kwe-insulin yemvelaphi yesilwane. Isiguli sinokuphefumula ngokufushane, ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic, ukuqubuka esikhunjeni, ukuvuvukala komsipha, ubunzima bokuphefumula. Icala elinamandla lokungezwani komzimba lingafaka engozini impilo yomuntu.
Uma umuthi usetshenziswa isikhathi eside, i-lipodystrophy ingabonakala endaweni yomjovo we-insulin.
Nge-hypoglycemia, ukugxila kokunaka kuvama kakhulu futhi ijubane lokuphendula kwe-psychomotor liyancipha, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokululama akufanele ushayele imoto noma ushayele izindlela ezinkulu.
Ukuxhumana neminye imithi
Izinsolo, ezibandakanya i-zinc, akufanele neze zihlanganiswe ne-insulin ene-insulin, kufaka phakathi ukuthi azixubwanga namanye amalungiselelo e-zinc-insulin.
Lapho usebenzisa ezinye izidakamizwa, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho, ngoba izidakamizwa eziningi zingathinta ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucose.
Ngcono umphumela we-hypoglycemic we-insulin ye-hormone futhi wandise ingozi ye-hypoglycemia efana nezidakamizwa ezifana:
- tetracyclines
- i-monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- ama-hypoglycemic agents
- ifosfamides, alpha-blockers,
- sulfonamides,
- i-angiotensin eguqula ama-enzyme inhibitors,
- tritoxylin,
- ama-disopyramid
- imicu
- shaya umoya
- ama-fluoxetines.
Futhi, ama-pentoxifyllines, ama-propoxyphenes, ama-salicylates, ama-amphetamines, ama-anabolic steroid nama-triphosphamides abangela umphumela ofanayo.
Qinisa noma wenze buthaka umphumela we-hypoglycemic wama-salicylates e-hormone, usawoti we-lithium, i-beta-blockers, i-reserpine, i-clonidine. Ngokufanayo thinta umzimba neziphuzo zotshwala.
Ama-diuretics, ama-glucocorticosteroids, ama-sympathomimetics, ama-contracepiment asemlonyeni, ama-antidepressants ama-tricyclic angenza buthaka isenzo se-insulin.
Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, imininingwane ngeProtafan insulin inikezwe ngokuningiliziwe.
