Isifo sikashukela enganeni

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yiqembu lezifo eziqubuka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, kepha lihambisana nesibonakaliso esisodwa - i-hyperglycemia (amazinga aphezulu eglucose egazini). Lesi sifo siqala imvelaphi yokushoda kwama-insulin ama-hormone noma ukwephulwa komphumela wawo kumaseli nezicubu zomzimba.

Isifo sikashukela ezinganeni siyindlela yokufundisa evamile emphakathini wanamuhla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuxilongwa okungcono kwalesi sifo emabangeni okuqala kanye nesimo sofuzo kulesi sifo uqobo. Le ndatshana ixoxa ngezimpawu zesifo sikashukela sabantwana, izinhlobo zayo, izimbangela, izimpawu kanye nemigomo yokunakekelwa kweziguli.

Izindlela zokuqinisekisa isifo sikashukela ezinganeni nasentsheni

Ukuxilongwa kwe- “sifo esimnandi” kusungulwa ukufakazelwa kwelebhu ye-hyperglycemia kanye nokuba khona kwezimpawu zesifo. Indlela Yokuhlonza:

• ukuzimisela okungahleliwe kwezinkomba zoshukela wegazi ngaphezulu kwe-10 mmol / l (noma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, abukho ubudlelwano nokudla kwemikhiqizo emzimbeni);
• amazinga kashukela egazi ngaphezulu kwe-6.3 mmol / l ekuseni ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni;
• Izinkomba ze-glycemia ngenhla kwe-10 mmol / l ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-120 ngemuva kokusebenzisa isixazululo esimnandi ngokumelene nesizinda sokuhlolwa kokushukela kwe-glucose.

Kubalulekile! Sikhuluma ngezinga likashukela egazini le-capillary, okungukuthi, elithathwe emunweni. Egazini le-venous, izinombolo zizoba ngaphezulu (11.1 no-7, ngokulandelana).

I-Hyperglycemia iwuphawu oluphambili lwesi sifo “esimnandi”, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, isimo se-hypoglycemic singakhula kusifo sikashukela

Ngaphezu komqondo wokuthi "isifo sikashukela sengane," kunegama elithi "ukubekezelela ushukela." Kusho isimo somngcele phakathi kwesifo sikashukela ne-homeostasis ejwayelekile emzimbeni. Igama lesibili laleli gama yi-prediabetes, okusho ukuthi ukuthola ingane eqenjini elinengozi enkulu yokuthola "isifo esimnandi".

I-Pathology iqinisekiswa ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose. Uma amahora amabili ngemuva kokusebenzisa isisombululo se-glucose esimnandi, amanani we-glycemia angaphakathi kwebanga le-7.8 mmol / L kuya ku-11.1 mmol / L, udokotela ucabanga nge-NGT.

Isifo sohlobo 1 sikhula kanjani ezinganeni

Uhlobo 1 sikashukela ezinganeni lubonakala ngokungapheleli kwe-pancreas hormone insulin. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthwe ama-molecule woshukela kwezicubu zomzimba kanye namaseli. Uma i-iron ingakwazi ukukhipha inani elifanele le-hormone lingene egazini, iningi le-glucose lihlala ligcwele egazini, bese umzimba uqala ukuhlupheka yindlala yamandla.

Ngokuhambisana nokwanda kwe-glucose egazini, kukhona ukwephulwa kwazo zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic, kufaka phakathi i-redox. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokuntuleka kwe-insulin, kukhona ukwephulwa kwe-metabolism yamafutha, ukunqwabelana kwama-ketones egazini nomchamo, kanye nokuvela kweshukela kumchamo (glucosuria).

Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwefomu lokuncika kwe-insulin

Kancane kancane, uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo luyaqhubeka, kuvela iziphazamiso zesikhumba nezikhumba ezingama-mucous, kuqhamuke nemithambo emikhulu emincane, futhi uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi lukhona.

Izici ezinikezayo yilezi:

• ukutheleleka kwemvelaphi yegciwane (i-Enteroviruses, ama-virus okuphefumula, igciwane le-Coxsackie, i-rubella);
• ukulimala kwemishini;
• umphumela wokuxineka;
• izinto ezinobuthi nezinobuthi (utshwala, ama-nitrate, umuthi, udayi);
• ukuntuleka kokudla okufanele.

Uhlobo 2 lwe-pathology ezinganeni nasebusheni

Izingane zanamuhla ziya ngokuya zitholakala nezifo ezinjengesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ezinganeni. Lesi sifo siba yinkinga ebaluleke ngokwengeziwe yohlelo lwezempilo. Phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi ifomu lesifo elingathembisi i-insulin libhekene nabadala kuphela. Okwamanje, izingane eziningi ezinenkinga yokuqala yesifo sohlobo 1 ekuqaleni zinikezwe uhlobo olungafanele lwe-pathology. Kwavela ukuthi banesifo sohlobo lwesibili.

Ifomu elingathembeki kwe-insulin liyatholakala:

• esemncane ngesikhathi esiyishumi sesibili (isilinganiso seminyaka - iminyaka eyi-14);
• kaningi kuma-Afrika, abaseMexico, abase-Asia;
• I-70% yezingane ezigulayo inomndeni wesihlobo sayo onesifo esifanayo;
• izingane eziningi nentsha inesisindo esingajwayelekile;
• I-30% yezingane yenza ukuxilongwa okuyiphutha ngenxa yokuvela kwemizimba ye-ketone egazini nomchamo lapho iqala ukufuna usizo;
• ku-15% wezingane, i-pathology inqunywa phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga.

Ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kwezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zesifo sikashukela nohlobo lwaso lwe-pancreatic

Izigaba zezifo kanye nezimpawu zabo

Lesi sigaba sizogxila kwifomu lesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, ngoba sivame ukutholakala ebuntwaneni. Isifo sohlobo 1 sinezigaba ezimbalwa ezilandelanayo ngokuqhubeka kwe-pathology.

Isigaba sokugcina

Isikhathi singathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa siye eminyakeni eminingana. Kulesi sigaba, izimpawu zesifo azikho, umuntu akasoli ngisho nokuba khona kwesifo. Kuphela kokuphela kwesigaba sokutholwa emzimbeni wesiguli lapho ubukhona bamasosha omzimba kuya kumaseli we-beta wezinto ezifakiwe zepancreas, i-insulin nezinye izinto ezibandakanyeka ngokuqinile emzimbeni we-carbohydrate.

Isifo sokudalwa kwezifo

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi likashukela enganeni nokujwayelekile kwayo

Izifundo zemitholampilo zikhombisile ukuthi izingane ezigulayo zingatholakala ngisho noma kungekho sithombe somtholampilo sesimo se-pathological. Isibonelo, ama-70% wezingane ezihloliwe kanye nentsha yaba nesifo sikashukela ngaphandle kwezikhalazo ngesimo sempilo yabo.

Eqenjini elilodwa lezingane, izimpawu zizokhula ngokushesha, zande ngokushesha, kwelinye - zikhule esikhathini eside. Izimpawu zesifo zixoxwa ngezansi.

Isigaba sokuxolelwa okuyingxenye

Le nkathi iboniswa "ukuqothulwa" kwezimpawu zokubonisa lesi sifo. Isifo sikashukela kumntwana sidinga isinxephezelo, ngoba umuthi wanamuhla ophelele awukwazi ukusinqoba. Kunombono wokuthi isiguli singena esigabeni sokuxolelwa ngokwengxenye lapho i-glycosylated hemoglobin yayo ingeqi i-7%, futhi inani le-hormone elisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-insulin alidluli amayunithi angama-0,5 ngekhilogremu yomzimba ngamunye ngosuku.

Amandla wokugcina izibalo ezinhle ze-glycemia ngenkathi kuncishiswa inani lesisombululo sehomoni elifakiwe kukhombisa ukufezeka kwesinxephezelo sesifo

Kunezimo lapho, phakathi nokwelashwa kwe-insulin, ingane ingathola isinxephezelo esizinzile ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ukusuka ekuqaleni kokwelashwa. Okwesikhashana ukuphathwa kwento esebenza ngama-hormone kukhanseliwe.

Isigaba Sokuncipha Kwensulin Esikhathi Esisonke

Ukushintshela esigabeni esinzima kunazo zonke esigulini kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokuncipha ngokweqile kwama-pancreas, ukungezwa kwama-pathologies afanayo. Njengoba bekhula futhi bekhula, umuntu ngeke esenqaba ukwelashwa kwehomoni. Ukufakwa kwe-gland, okukhonjiswa kwabanesifo sikashukela esidala futhi esingasithuthukisa isimo esijwayelekile, akunconyelwe iziguli ezincane, ngoba inqubo idinga ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinomphumela onobuthi ezinso.

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sengane

Isimo somtholampilo 'wesifo esoshukela' sincike ekutheni yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthuka isifo esikuthola. Isifo sikashukela asinakho ukubonakaliswa; kuzivivinyo zaselebhu, izinombolo ze-glycemic zingaphakathi kwemingcele evamile. Kunezici zobungozi zokufudukela esigabeni esilandelayo: ukuba khona kwezihlobo ezigulayo, isisindo sokuzalwa esiphakeme, ukukhuluphala kwanoma iliphi ibanga, amawele azalwa ngumzali onesifo sikashukela.

Isigaba sokugcina sesifo asinazo izimpawu, iziguli kungenzeka zingasoli ubukhona bokugula. Uma uthatha ukuhlaziya kwegazi lasekuseni elishesha kusuka ezigulini ezinjalo, imiphumela ingaba phakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile, noma kunjalo, phakathi nosuku kukhona ama-surges abukhali ushukela phezulu naphansi. Ukuqinisekiswa kwesimo kwenzeka usebenzisa ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela.

Ukuhlolwa kwengane kwenziwa njalo, kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwakhe, okukuvumela ukuthi ukhombe ubukhona be-endocrinopathy ngesikhathi

Isigaba esibonakalayo salesi sifo (isifo sikashukela esidlula yonke) sibonakaliswa isithombe esihle somtholampilo ezinganeni kuze kube unyaka, iziguli zeminyaka yasenkulisa, intsha. Izimpawu zokuqala:

• ukwabiwa kwenani elikhulu lomchamo;
• ukoma okungapheli;
• umlomo owomile
• ukomiswa nokulunywa kwesikhumba, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, imihuzuko iyabonakala;
• ulimi olukhanyayo, umbala ofanayo esihlathini;
• izingane zivame ukuba nokuqunjaza, ukuvuvukala kwezitho zangasese.

Ukuxilongwa okuyisisekelo nokuqapha isimo sesiguli

Ukuqinisekisa ubukhona besifo nokubheka njalo izinga le-glycemia kuyizindlela ezifanayo ezisetshenziswayo. Ziyadingeka ukucacisa amazinga kashukela wegazi, ukuvimba ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezingamahlalakhona ezingapheli ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, izinso, ukuhlaziya okubukwayo, kanye nokunciphisa izehlakalo ze-hypo- ne-hyperglycemia.

Ushukela wegazi

Sebenzisa izindlela eziningana zaselebhu:

• ukuthatha igazi le-capillary kusuka emunweni;
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi venous;
• indlela yokuveza, eyenziwa ekhaya (glucometer).

Izindlela ezimbili zokuqala zenziwa kuphela ezimweni zezikhungo zezokwelapha. Zombili zisesiswini esingenalutho, zidinga ukulungiswa okhethekile kocwaningo (ukwenqaba ukudla neziphuzo ngaphambi kokuthatha lokho, ukwenqaba ukuthatha imithi ngemvume kadokotela, ukuxubha amazinyo akho, usebenzisa itshungama, ukubhema).

Igazi le-capillary liyinhlangano yezinto eziphilayo ezikuvumela ukuthi uhlole isimo jikelele somzimba wengane

Izindlela zokugcina zingasetshenziswa noma kuphi: emsebenzini, ekhaya, esibhedlela, endizeni, eholidini. Kusetshenziswa idivaysi ekhethekile ephathekayo. Imichilo yokuhlola enama-reagents asetshenziswa endaweni echaziwe afakiwe kuyo. Kuthunyelwa lapha ithonsi legazi lomuntu, futhi idivaysi ihlinzeka ngemininingwane yokuhlolwa kwezinkomba ze-glycemia esikrinini sedivayisi.

Ushukela womchamo

Njengomthetho, ushukela omchamo uvela lapho egazini izinkomba zawo ziwela umkhawulo we-10 mmol / L. Okubi kwendlela ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusebenza kahle kwezindlela zokwelashwa, okusho ukuthi, ukusabela kwe-glycemia ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa ezithile. Ukuqapha i-glucosuria, imichilo yokuhlola isetshenziswa eshintsha umbala wayo ekuxhumaneni nomchamo kuya ekuhlolweni koshukela.

Izinkomba zemizimba ye-ketone esegazini nomchamo

I-acetone emelana nesifo sikashukela ivela kumchamo kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• izinkomba ezingalawulwa ze-monosaccharide egazini;
• ukuntuleka kwe-insulin ebucayi;
• ukuba khona kwezifo ezithinta umzimba;
• isimo se-ketoacidotic.

Ukuhunyushwa kwemiphumela (mmol / l):

• ngaphansi kuka-0,5 - "ukulandelwa kwama-ketones";
• 0.5-1.5 - "inani elincane";
• 1,5-4 - "inani elilinganiselwe";
• 4 - 8 - "inani eliphakathi";
• ngaphezulu kwe-8 - "inani eliphezulu".

Imiyalo yemichilo yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuhambelana kombala wemphumela nezinombolo zezinga lemizimba ye-acetone

Ukuqopha idatha

Abazali bezingane abagulayo noma osemusha uqobo kufanele bagcine idayari yakhe. Lokhu kulungele ukuqopha yonke imininingwane ehlobene nezinkomba zokuxilongwa kwasekhaya, ukuba khona kwama-pathologies afanayo, ukusebenza ngokomzimba nokudla okudliwayo usuku lonke.

Imininingwane yokuthi ungayigcina kanjani idayari efanayo ingatholwa kumabhodi ezaziso ezikhungweni zezokwelapha zephrofayli ye-endocrinological, esikoleni sikashukela, kanye nasezibhedlela ezinemininingwane emincane.

Izimiso zokwelashwa

Isisekelo sokusiza ingane egulayo, njenge-diabetesic yabantu abadala, ukwelashwa kokudla. Odokotela batusa ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kokudla okujwayelekile, ngokusobala basebenzise ikhalori yokudla nsuku zonke, benqaba ushukela nokudla okunama-carbohydrate asheshayo ekwakhiweni.

Ukudla kufanele kube okungenani izikhathi ezi-6 (phakathi kokudla okuyinhloko udinga ukudla okulula). Ama-carbohydrate e-digestible athathelwa indawo kokudla okune-fiber kanye ne-fiber yokudla. Nqaba irayisi emhlophe, i-semolina, izitsha zikafulawa kakolweni, amazambane anomkhawulo, izaqathi abilisiwe.

Ukudla sikashukela ezinganeni kunikeza okuthandwa nguwe:

• imifino;
• izithelo
• okusanhlamvu;
• inyama nenhlanzi;
• imikhiqizo yobisi.

Kubalulekile! Ukudla kufanele kubiliswe, kudwetshwe, kubhakwe. Kuyadingeka ukulahla imikhiqizo enamafutha, ebhemayo, ekhethiwe.

Ngaphezu kokudla okunempilo, udinga ukulawula ukuthi ingane iphuza amanzi anele usuku lonke

Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin

Izidingo zokwelashwa okufakwa esikhundleni sama-hormone ezinganeni nakwentsha:

• inani lesisombululo sokulimala akufanele lidlule iyunithi eli-1 ngekhilogremu yesisindo ngosuku;
• ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa kokuxilongwa - kuze kube ngu-0.5 PIECES, kamuva - 0.7-0.8 PIECES;
• umthamo wansuku zonke wezidakamizwa kufanele ube kabili komthamo wobusuku;
• Insulin "ende" kufanele ihlanganiswe nemijovo "emifushane";
• isimo esibolile sidinga imijovo ye-insulin "emfishane";
• kusetshenziswa kuphela izixazululo ezihlanzwa kakhulu.

Izibonelo zezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-insulin:

• Izindlela ze-ultrashort nezenzo ezimfushane - Humalog 100, Humulin Regular 100.
• Ukufakwa kobude besikhathi esiphakathi - Humulin 100, Protafan 40.
• Izidakamizwa "ezinde" - u-Detemir, Levemir, uLantus.

Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amasirinji ajwayelekile we-insulin, amapeni wesirinji, amaphampu we-insulin. Uhlobo kanye nomthamo kukhethwe ngudokotela ohambelayo.

Isimo sezulu

Okwamanje, uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela alukalashwa, yingakho ukuphumelela kwesinxephezelo kubhekwa njengomgomo oyinhloko wokwelapha. Isikhathi sokuphila kwezingane ezigulayo sincike ekutheni kungakanani ongakwazi ukugcina izibalo ze-glycemia zingaphansi kwemingcele eyamukelekayo, kanye nangesikhathi sokukhula kwezinkinga zemithambo engapheli, okungaholela ekukhubazekeni.

Ingane egulayo akufanele ibe nomuzwa wokuthi ayifani nawo wonke umuntu, amehlo ayo kufanele akhanye injabulo (ukufeza lo msebenzi wabazali)

Indaba yokusungula ukukhubazeka ihlala ixoxwa ngakho, kepha ayinampendulo ecacile. Njengomthetho, iqembu labakhubazekile kufanele lisungulwe kulezo zingane ezisesimweni sokubola, zibe nezinkinga ezivela ezinso, i-CNS visual analyzer, engavumeli ukuzinakekela, idinga ukuba khona kanye nosizo lwabantu abangagunyaziwe.

Izindlela zokuvimbela

Ukuvimbela kubandakanya imisebenzi elandelayo:

• ukudla okunempilo
• ukusebenza komzimba okwanele;
• ukulwa nesisindo ngokweqile;
• ukuhlolwa kwezokwelashwa konyaka;
• ukwabiwa okufanele kwesikhathi sokulala, ukuphumula kanye nomsebenzi.

Uma umuntu ophokophele ukukhula kwe- “sifo esimnandi” engazilandeli izincomo ezinjalo, ubungozi bokuthola lesi sifo bukhuphuka kaninginingi, futhi lapho kukhona ukukhuluphala kakhulu, kuze kube izikhathi eziyi-10.