Isifo sikashukela ngomqondo ongokoqobo siwubhadane lwekhulu lama-21. Ngokwezibalo, abantu abafinyelela kuma-5% banenkinga yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuhambisana nesifo sikashukela. Leli phesenti liphezulu kakhulu emazweni anezinga eliphakeme lokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela kanye nobunzima bokubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo, isilinganiso esiyinhloko sokwelapha ukuze silondoloze ikhwalithi enhle yempilo ukwelashwa okufaka esikhundleni salokho.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin ngesifo sikashukela kuvumela ekuhambeni kwesikhathi ukuba kulondolozwe izinga elamukelekayo lempilo, kunciphise ukuqhubeka kwezinkinga ezihambisana nokuphazamiseka komzimba emzimbeni wesiguli esinesifo sikashukela, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo.
Kuyini ukwelashwa kwe-insulin
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuyindlela ebanzi yokwelashwa okuqikelela iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kuthinta abantu abaphethwe yisifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Mina. nokuntuleka ngokuphelele kwe-insulin. Isinxephezelo sokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic esigulini sitholakala ngokubheka njalo izinga le-glycemia noma ushukela egazini le-venous kanye nokwethula inani elifanelekile le-insulin, ngokuya ngenani lokudla okudliwayo.
Kukuziphi izimo ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-insulin?
Ukwelashwa kweHormone kuyadingeka ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- Kuhlobo 1 sikashukela mellitus, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kumiswe ngokuphelele emzimbeni wesiguli.
- Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, ngenxa yokuqhubeka kwesifo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-2 sibe yifomu eliqukethe i-insulin.
- Lapho ulungiselela iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ngokungenelela kokuhlinzwa kwanoma yikuphi ukwenziwa kwasekhaya.
Isakhiwo se-syringe yokuphatha ukulethwa kwe-insulin elula futhi ephephile
Thayipha i-1 insulin yokwelapha isifo sikashukela
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin yohlobo lwe-1 yesifo sikashukela kuyindlela enkulu yokwelashwa, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin uqobo kumiswe ngokuphelele emzimbeni wesiguli. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwe-autoimmune kumaseli we-beta esiqhingini saseLangerhans asendaweni yamanyikwe. I-algorithm yokwelapha iziguli ezinhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela ifaka ukubhekwa njalo kwezinga loshukela egazini le-venous. Kulokhu, zonke iziguli zohlobo lokuqala kumele zibe ne-glucometer ebhukwayo. Ukulinganisa ushukela wegazi kumele kwenziwe okungenani kabili ngosuku: ekuseni - esiswini esingenalutho nakusihlwa - ukulawula. Ngezinguquko ezinkulu enhlalakahleni, isilinganiso esingeziwe se-glucose senziwa ngokulungiswa okulandelayo nge-insulin.
Ukubalwa komthamo we-insulin
Ungayijova kanjani i-insulinNgemuva kokuhlaziywa kwe-glycemia kanye nezinga lesinxephezelo somzimba, kanye nezinga lokuphazamiseka komzimba. Udokotela we-endocrinologist ubeka inani le-insulin elitsheni. Ukubalwa komthamo kwenziwa ngokubheka ukudla okudliwayo, okulinganiswa emayuniselweni esinkwa. Ukulinganiswa kwe-insulin kwenziwa emayunithi (UNITS).
Umthamo wansuku zonke we-insulin usatshalaliswa ezingxenyeni ezi-2-3 futhi uphathwa nsuku zonke ngasikhathi sinye. Isikimu esinjalo siyasebenza, ngoba sihambisana nokuqashelwa ngokomzimba kwamahomoni aso, axhumene kakhulu emzimbeni. Njengokwejwayelekile, 2/3 womthamo wansuku zonke uphathwa ekuseni no-1/3 ntambama. Kungenzeka futhi ukuphatha i-insulin ngokushesha ngemuva kwesidlo ukulungisa i-glucose egazini le-venous.
Ilawulwa kanjani i-insulin?
Ukuze kube lula kakhulu, isiguli singathenga ipeni lesirinji ekhethekile. I-insulin ilawulwa ngokuvumbuluka, ukusuka lapho imunwa kancane kancane futhi ingene ekujikelezeni kwe-systemic, iveze umphumela wayo oqondile. Izindawo zokujova kufanele zishintshwe njalo ukugwema ukuvuvukala endaweni yomjovo. Amapeni amaSiringe afakelwe idivaysi ekhethekile yokufaka ama-cartridge nge-insulin. Umthamo ngqo we-insulin ugwema imiphumela emibi engathandeki, ngoba umuthi usebenza kakhulu.
Enye yezindlela ezintsha zokufaka i-insulin emzimbeni ukusebenzisa iphampu ye-insulin. I-Pump insulin therapy ukugqokwa njalo kwensiza - iphampu ye-insulin, ene-dispenser yayo uqobo. Izinzuzo zompompo zifaka umthamo oqondile we-insulin, olingisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngokomzimba. Inani le-insulin lilawulwa ngqo yiphampu ngokuqapha njalo amazinga kashukela egazini, ngakho-ke ukukhohlwa ukufaka umthamo odingekayo we-insulin ngeke kusebenze. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwempompo kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga eziningi, ngoba kudinga ukuba khona kwenalithi njalo emzimbeni wesiguli esinesifo sikashukela, esingenza ukuthi lesi sifo sihlanganyele.
Thayipha 2 isifo sikashukela i-insulin
Yize isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 singabhubhisi amaseli we-pancreatic beta, izwe elithembele ku-insulin alinakugwenywa. Emzimbeni wesiguli, ukushoda kwe-insulin kuhamba kancane, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kudinga ukulungiswa ngokufakwa kwe-insulin. Ukumelana ne-insulin okuhlobene nesikhathi kuholela ekwehleni kwamandla emfihlo amaseli abo e-beta, ahambisana ne-hyperglycemia ejwayelekile. Ekuqaleni nje kohlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela, amangqamuzana e-beta, kunalokho, akhiqiza inani elikhulayo le-insulin yawo, kodwa ngokuqhubeka kwawo anciphile, okudinga ukudluliselwa kwesifo sikashukela ekwelashweni kwe-hormone.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin yohlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus cishe akuhlukile kunhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, noma kunjalo, umthamo we-insulin kuleli cala uphansi kakhulu kunokuphelelwa ngokuphelele kwe-insulin. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuguqukela kokunye esikhundleni sokwelashwa kwabantu abanesifo sikashukela esinefomu lokumelana kwenzeka eminyakeni engama-7-8 ngemuva kokuqala kwesifo.
Izinkomba zokushintshela ekwelashweni kokufaka esikhundleni seziguli ezinohlobo 2 zingokulandelayo:
- ukuqhubeka ngokushesha kokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine kanye ne-metabolic;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela;
- ingozi enkulu yesifo senhliziyo;
- ukuhlela kokuhlinzwa;
- ukwehla kokusebenza kusuka ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi yokudla nezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela;
- ukuba khona kokulimala nezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezingapheli kanye nezifo.
Zonke lezi zimo ezingenhla zidinga ukwelashwa esikhundleni se-hormone.
Ama-insulin therapy regimens
Njengomthetho, ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus ngosizo lwe-insulin therapy kwenziwa ngokwezinhlelo eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile. Isikimu sokwelapha i-insulin sakhiwa yi-endocrinologist ngemuva kokuxilongwa okugcwele kokuxilongwa kanye nokusungulwa kokuxilongwa kwezifo zesifo sikashukela. Ku-endocrinology yesimanje, indlela yokwelashwa komuntu ngamunye isiguli ngasinye inqoba. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningana eziyisisekelo zokwelashwa zesifo sikashukela. Ngaphambi kokunquma uhlelo oluthile, isiguli kufanele sigcine idayari ekhethekile phakathi nesonto, lapho siqopha imiphumela ye-glucometry izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngosuku bese sibhala izinto ezinomthelela emiphumeleni.
Amapharamitha alandelayo kufanele aboniswe kudayari:
- isikhathi nenombolo yokudla;
- umthamo wokudla okudliwayo nokwakheka kwawo;
- imizwa esetshenziswayo ehambisana nendlala noma ukudla ngokweqile;
- noma yimuphi umsebenzi womzimba kanye nezikhathi zabo;
- isikhathi, imvamisa nomthamo wezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela ngomlomo;
- izifo ezihambisanayo noma izinqubo zokutheleleka nokuvuvukala.
Ngemuva kokuqamba idayari futhi uyihlaziye, uchwepheshe ukhetha irejimeni yokwelashwa esekelwe kunqubo eyisisekelo yokwelashwa kwehomoni.
Isikimu se-Basis Bolus
Sekuyisikhathi eside kuqashelwa ukuthi emzimbeni onempilo, ukuvezwa kwama-hormone asemafayilini nase-contra-hormonal kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukukhiqizwa okuyisisekelo kwe-insulin yomuntu siqu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokulala ebusuku noma isikhathi eside phakathi kokudla. I-insulin eyisisekelo ikhuthaza ukumuncwa kangcono kwe-glucose yegazi futhi igcina ukuqina kwayo ngokomzimba ku-plasma.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, kuthathwa inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate, okuthi, lapho echithiwe, akhe ushukela, kuthi ukugcotshwa kwamuva kube segazini. Ukuvimbela i-hyperglycemia, kukhishwa umgoqo we-insulin, osiza i-glucose ukuthi ingene ezicutshini futhi inciphise ukuqina kwayo egazini. Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kweleveli ejwayelekile ye-glycemia, ukukhululeka kwehomoni - glucagon - kuthunyelwe bese ibhalansi ibuyiselwa.
Esimweni sokuntuleka kwe-insulin ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, ukukhiqizwa kwazo zombili izinhlobo ze-insulin kuyaphazamiseka, futhi isikimu se-basal-bolus sakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi silingise ngempumelelo ukuphuma kwe-insulin ngokomzimba. Ukwelapha, i-insulin isetshenziswa, omude omude futhi omfushane futhi omfishane kakhulu. Imithamo ikhethiwe ngokuya ngobukhulu beshukela kanye nokuba khona kwezinkinga.
Ukujikeleza okujwayelekile
Kule ndlela, iziguli zithatha ingxube ye-insulin yezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zomsebenzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani lemijovo yansuku zonke lehla kakhulu, noma kunjalo, leli fomu lisebenza kuphela ezigulini ezinezindlela ezinesifo sikashukela elincane kanye nezinga elincane le-hyperglycemia.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin
Indlela ethuthuke kakhulu futhi entsha yokubuyiselwa kwama-hormone. Okwamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwephampu akunakwenzeka kuzo zonke iziguli, kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:
- Izindleko eziphakeme zephampu ye-insulin.
- Inani elincane lezinkampani ezikhiqiza amaphampu.
Imiphumela Yokulashwa Kwangaphambi Kwezikhundla
Ngokuqapha njalo kwe-glycemia yegazi kanye nokugcinwa kweshukela kumanani okuhlosiwe, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ziyakwazi ukuhlala zisesimweni esinxephezelwe isikhathi eside. Ngokulashwa okufanele kwe-insulin, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlehlise izinkinga ezinzima ezihambisana nokuphulwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni amashumishumi eminyaka. Kodwa-ke, njengazo zonke izinhlobo zokwelashwa, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kunemiphumela yako emibi nemiphumela.
Izinkinga
Izinkinga zokwelashwa kwe-insulin zihambisana nezinga eliphakeme lomsebenzi walesi hormone. I-insulin, esetshenziswa njengesidakamizwa kuma-diabetes, ikhiqizwa ngokungeyikho noma ngokwenziwa. I-insulin yokuqala kwakuyinyama yengulube futhi yabangela ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba ezigulini ezinezifo ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus. Kunemiphumela emibi emi-3 evela kulokhu kwelashwa.
Ukusabela komzimba
Kwabanye abantu, ukwethulwa kwezidakamizwa zokwenziwa kwama-hormonal kubangela ukungahambi kahle komzimba, okudala ukungabekezelelani nomuthi. Ukwelashwa kweziguli okunjalo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngoba kunesidingo sokubhekwa njalo kwesimo sokuzivikela komzimba nokugula komuntu ogulayo. Kwesinye isikhathi i-allergy ingadalwa inqubo engafanele yokufaka injekishini yomuthi, lapho isiguli sisebenzisa izinaliti ezithambile noma silimaza umuthi ngendlela ebandayo.
I-Hypoglycemia
I-complication ejwayelekile kakhulu eyenzeka ezigulini eziningi. Ikakhulu ezigulini ezisanda kunqunywa ukwelashwa kokufakwa esikhundleni kwe-insulin. I-Hypoglycemia - ukwehla kokuxineka kwe-glucose egazini ngezansi okujwayelekile (3 mmol / l). Lesi simo sihambisana nobuthakathaka obukhali, isiyezi kanye nomuzwa wendlala enkulu.
Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-glucose ingumthombo ophambili wokudla namandla wamaseli wezinzwa zobuchopho, futhi ngokwehla okukhulu ngenxa yokuqothuka ngokweqile kwe-insulin, ubuchopho abunawo amandla anele, okuholela ekuvinjelweni kwayo yonke imisebenzi yomzimba. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, i-insulin ngokweqile ingaholela ekukholekeni kwe-hypoglycemic.
Izinguquko zeLipodystrophic esikhunjeni
Ukufakwa esikhundleni sokwelashwa kwe-insulin kwenziwa impilo yonke, futhi lokhu kuholela ekutheni isiguli esinesifo sikashukela siphoqelelwe ukuba sijove njalo sijova i-insulin. Ukuphathwa kwe-subcutaneous kanye nokudalwa kohlobo lwedepho ye-insulin kuholela ekubumbeni kabusha noma ekuthatheni kancane kancane kwamafutha angaphansi, okwenza kube nesici sobuchopho obonakalayo. Imvamisa amaphutha anjalo akhiwa lapho ukungahambisani nokushintshwa kwezindawo zokujova i-insulin.
Isifo sikashukela i-insulin lipodystrophy esiswini
Zonke lezi zinkinga ezingenhla zokwelashwa kwe-insulin zingagwenywa ngendlela efanelekayo yokwelapha isifo sakho. Ukuguqulwa kwesikhathi kwezinaliti, ukubalwa umthamo ofanele, ukushintshwa kwezindawo zokujova kugwema imiphumela emibi enjalo ekwelashweni. Kubuye kunconywe ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezingena ngaphansi kwe-hormone yokuvuselela i-hormone zihlale ziphatha amaswidi ambalwa ukuze lapho zidla ngokweqile kwi-insulin, zisheshe zilungise igazi lazo le-hypoglycemia. Lalela umzimba wakho futhi uphile!
