I-SOLUBLE INSULIN YOMUNTU (ENJINIYELA NGOFUZO)

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Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwe-insulin, i-hormone ejwayele ukukhiqizwa ngamanani aphelele we-pancreas. Imithi yesimanjemanje yesimanje iyatholakala ngenxa yempumelelo yobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo kanye ne-biotechnology, kusetshenziswa amagciwane aguquliwe ekukhiqizeni kwawo.

Le mishanguzo ibonakala ngokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, ukungabi namandla komzimba ophansi kanye nokwenziwa ngcono kwezokwelapha (ngokungafani nemikhiqizo esekwe ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zemvelaphi yezilwane). I-soluble insulin yaleli qembu imvamisa iyingxenye yezidakamizwa ezisebenza isikhathi esifushane, okuhloselwe ukuphatha ngaphambi kokudla.

Indlela yokusebenza kanye nezici zesingeniso

Lapho i-insulin eyakhelwe izakhi zofuzo ingena emzimbeni, ixhumana nama-receptors (iziphetho ezibucayi) zezakhi zamangqamuzana futhi yakha inkimbinkimbi ethile ye- “insulin receptor”. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukunyuswa kwe-glucose kwe-intracellular kukhuphuka, futhi izinga layo emgodini wegazi wamahhala, ngokuphambene nalokho, liyancipha. Ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwe-insulin kuhambisana nemiphumela emihle enjalo yomzimba:

ukwakheka kwamaprotheni (inqubo yokwenziwa) kuyasheshiswa;
ukumelana ne-insulin kuyancipha;
Ukwephulwa kwe-glycogen esibindini kuncipha, ngenxa yokuthi i-glucose ayidli ngokushesha kangako futhi nezinga layo egazini likhuphuka kancane.

I-soluble insulin (futhi ngesinye isikhathi ungathola amagama anjenge-Insulin soluble noma i- "solubil") ibhekisa ezidakamizweni ezisebenza ngokubambezelayo. Umphumela we-pharmacological wakhe uqala isigamu sehora ngemuva komjovo, ngakho-ke udinga ukufaka isidakamizwa imizuzu eyi-15-30 ngaphambi kokudla okuhlongozwayo, ngaphandle kwalokho kungahle kungabi nesikhathi sokwenza. Umuthi ungalawulwa ngokungaziphathi, ngaphakathi nangaphakathi. Ukuze kube nokuzilawula okulula ekhaya, odokotela batusa imijovo engabonakali. Umthamo kanye nokuvama kokusetshenziswa kwomuthi kufanele kukhethwe ngu-endocrinologist ohamba, ngokubheka kwezimpawu zesifo sesiguli.

Le insulin ingasetshenziswa njengomuthi okuwukuphela kwawo ekwelapheni iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus noma ngokuhlangana neminye imithi. Ukuze ugweme ukuthamba kwamafutha we-subcutaneous (lipodystrophy), kungakuhle ushintshe isifunda se-anatomical isikhathi ngasinye ngomjovo.

Umuthi ophuzekiwe kufanele ube lokushisa lasekamelweni, oyinyumba kanye nezinsimbi ngazinye kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukujova

Izinkomba

I-insulin esebenza nge-insulin eyenziwe yofuzo isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Kepha futhi izinkomba zokungeniswa kwaso kungenzeka kube:

I-Biphasic Insulin Aspart

thayipha i-2 mellitus yesifo sikashukela ngenkambo eyinkimbinkimbi, engalungiswa ngokudla nezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela;
ubunzima bezinkinga zanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo (ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic coma);
ukuzalwa kwengane nokuhlinzwa ezigulini ezine-carbohydrate metabolic ukuphazamiseka;
isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa (uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka ukudla).

Uma isiguli esesikhundleni sinaso isifo sikashukela ngaphambi kokukhulelwa futhi sisebenzise le-insulin yokwelashwa, angaqhubeka nokwelashwa. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngokuthwala kwesibeletho, isidingo se-hormone singashintsha, ngakho-ke udokotela kufanele alungise umthamo bese ukhetha uhlobo oludumile lomjovo. Umuthi futhi ungasetshenziswa ngenkathi uncelisa ibele uma owesifazane edinga ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, kepha isinqumo esinjalo singenziwa kuphela ngudokotela, kucatshangelwa isilinganiso senzuzo yengozi kamama nengane.

Imiphumela emibi nokuphikisana

I-insulin yomuntu etholakala kusetshenziswa izindlela ze-biotechnological, ngokuvamile, ibekezelelwa kahle yiziguli futhi akuvamile ukuba ibange imiphumela emibi eshiwo. Kepha, njenganoma yimuphi omunye umuthi, ngokweqiniso kungavusa ukukhula kwemiphumela engathandeki engxenyeni yezitho nezinhlelo ezahlukene.

Imiphumela emibi ifaka phakathi:

i-hypoglycemia (yehlisa ushukela wegazi ngaphansi kwesimo sokuphila);
ukukhathala, ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
izimo zokwehluleka;
ubomvu kanye nokucasuka kwesikhumba endaweni yomjovo;
i-hyperglycemia (ngomthamo okhethwe ngokungafanele, ukwephulwa kokudla noma ukweqa umjovo);
ukudumba;
lipodystrophy.

Iziguli ezingakaze zilimale i-insulin ngaphambili zingaba nezinkinga zokubona ekuqaleni kokwelashwa.

Njengomthetho, ukuphazamiseka kwamehlo kungokwesikhashana, futhi kunyamalale kungapheli amasonto amabili. Zihlotshaniswa nokujwayelekile koshukela wegazi kanye nokungakwazi kwemithambo yegazi emincane ye-retina ukujwayela ngokushesha lolu shintsho. Uma umbono uqhubeka nokuwa, noma ungalulami kungakapheli inyanga kusukela kuqale ukwelashwa, isiguli sidinga ukubona i-ophthalmologist ukuthi ihlolwe ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukuxhumana ngokuphathwa kwe-insulin kuyizimo zonke lapho ushukela wegazi lesiguli ungaphansi kwesijwayelekile (okungukuthi, i-hypoglycemia ibonwa).

Lesi sidakamizwa naso asinqunyelwe i-hepatitis eyingozi, ukwephulwa okunamandla kwesibindi nezinso, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okubolile. Ngokuqapha, leli thuluzi lisetshenziselwa izingozi ze-cerebrovascular, izifo ze-thyroid kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela ethatha imishanguzo ngasikhathi sinye ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi, kubalulekile ukwazisa i-endocrinologist ngalokhu, ngoba ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin nabanye babo kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-hypoglycemia.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin, etholakala ngenxa yobunjiniyela bobuchwepheshe besimanje, kugwema izinkinga eziningi zesifo sikashukela. Lo muthi udlulela ezigabeni eziningana zokuhlanza, ngakho-ke kuphephile ngisho nakubaphethwe yi-allergy kanye neziguli ezikhubazekile. Kepha, yize zikhona zonke izinzuzo zomuthi, kusenzima ukuzindla nokuzisebenzisa ngaphandle kwemiyalelo kadokotela. Ngisho nokushintshwa kusuka kolunye uhlobo lwe-insulin kuye kolunye kungenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokubonisana nodokotela we-endocrinologist kanye nokuhlolwa kokudlula. Lokhu kuzogwema izinkinga ezingezinhle futhi kuqinisekise ukusebenza kahle komuthi.

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