Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus isifo esingenampilo esingathinta abantu hhayi nezilwane kuphela. I-Pathology ibonakaliswa ukwephula ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin yama-pancreas noma ngokushintsha kokuzwela kwesenzo sayo samaseli nezicubu zomzimba. Lesi sifo sathola igama laso sibonga ngamagama amabili esiLatin: isifo sikashukela, okusho ukuthi ngiyadlula, kanye nama-mellitus, amnandi njengoju.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus ezinjeni senzeka ku-0.5% yamacala emitholampilo. Kwenzeka ngasiphi iminyaka, kepha ikakhulukazi esikhathini esukela eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kweli-15. Abesilisa abanesifo sikashukela bavamile kunamabhontane agulayo. Uma sikhuluma ngokuxhaphaka ngohlobo lokuzala, le nkomba iyahlukahluka emazweni ahlukene. Kaningi abanikazi be-golden retriever, poodle, labrador, bichon frizz kanye ne-terrier yase-Australia beza kudokotela wezilwane onenkinga efanayo.
Le ndatshana ixoxa ngezimpawu zesifo "esimnandi" ezinjeni, izimpawu zesifo, izimiso zokwelashwa nokondliwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezigulayo.
Hlobo luni lwesifo?
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sibhekwa njenge-endocrinopathy, okungukuthi, isifo somunye wemithambo yohlelo lwe-endocrine. Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwalesi sifo i-hyperglycemia engapheli. Lesi yisimo esibonakala ngamanani aphezulu kashukela egazini. Umphumela we-hyperglycemia isikhathi eside ukwephulwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic, kanye nezinguquko ekusebenzeni kwazo zonke izitho nezinhlelo zomzimba.
Isifo sikashukela ezinshukela ezinjeni kubonakaliswa ukuthi ama-pancreas awakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin eyanele ye-hormone. Lokhu kuhileleka ekuthuthweni kwamangqamuzana kashukela emangqamuzaneni, njengokungathi uwavulela iminyango. Uma i-hormone inganele, inani elikhulu le-glucose lihlala egazini, bese izicubu zihlangabezana nendlala.
Ama-pancreas amelwe izinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli: ezinye zikhiqiza ama-enzyme abandakanyeka ekugayweni, amanye - ama-hormone
Kunesinye isimo. Okokusebenza okungafakwanga kwendlala kukhipha inani elanele lezinto ezisebenza ngama-hormone zingene egazini, kepha ukumelana ne-insulin, okuwukuthi, isimo lapho amangqamuzana alahlekelwa uzwela wawo ngesenzo se-insulin. Umphumela uyefana enkambweni yokuqala yemicimbi - i-hyperglycemia iyakhula.
Ama-pancreas enja athola isibonakaliso sokuthi izicubu azinikeziwe ngenani lamandla adingekayo, futhi lonke ushukela lusegazini. Isitho siqala ukuhlanganisa inani elikhulu le-hormone, kepha lokhu kwandisa kuphela imicimbi yezikhathi.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Okwamanje, odokotela bezilwane banombono wokuthi isifo sikashukela ezinjeni sihlukaniswe yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
Yini ebangela isifo sikashukela- Ukuncika kwe-insulin (uhlobo 1) - leli fomu lihambisana nokufa kwamaseli e-pancreatic kanye nokwehluleka kokuzibandakanya kwalo ezinqubweni ze-metabolic. Izimbangela eziphambili zentuthuko zithathwa njengezibalo zofuzo ne-autoimmune lesion (isimo lapho amasosha omzimba wakho elwa namangqamuzana endlala, azithatha njengezangaphandle). Uhlobo 1 lwenzeka ku-87-92% wezinja ezinesifo sikashukela.
- Uhlobo 2 - ezilwaneni, le ndlela yesifo ibonakaliswa hhayi kuphela ngokuncipha kokuzwela kwezicubu esenzweni se-insulin ye-hormone, kodwa futhi nange-pathology yamangqamuzana wezinto zemishini ye-insulin uqobo. Ebantwini, isifo sohlobo 2 sivame ukuphathwa ngamaphilisi anciphisa ushukela, nasezilwaneni, ngemijovo ye-insulin.
- Uhlobo lwesibili - lwenzeka ngemuva kwamagciwane e-viral, ngokumelene nesizinda sokulimala kwe-pituitary gland noma ngenxa yokusebenzisa isikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa.
- Uhlobo lomzimba - lukhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwama-bitches ngokushintshwa kwebhalansi ye-hormonal emzimbeni wesilwane. Ngemuva kokuba imidlwane izelwe, lesi sifo siyanyamalala, kepha kusala kusengaphambili ekukhuleni kwayo ngokuzayo.
Akusizi ngalutho ukuhlonza isilwane sakho ngokwakho, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe nguchwepheshe ofanelekayo
Izimpawu nezimpawu
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela i-mellitus ezinjeni empeleni azihlukile kwesithombe somtholampilo sokugula komuntu noma kwesinye isilwane. Abanikazi bayazi ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo ziphuza uketshezi oluningi, okuvame ukuchama futhi ngobuningi, ziye zanda isifiso sokudla. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sesifo sohlobo loku-1, isilwane sehliswa ngokumangazayo, ngohlobo 2, kunalokho, sishesha ukuthola isisindo.
Lapho behlolwa, odokotela bezilwane bayaphawula:
- ukuncipha kwemisipha;
- ubuthuntu kanye nejazi elilambatha;
- ukuncipha kwezinwele;
- ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba;
- ushintsho engxenyeni ehlaziyayo ebonakalayo;
- ukwanda kosayizi wesibindi nobubanzi.
Izimiso Zokuxilonga
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela inja kuqinisekiswa ngokususelwa ebukhoneni be-triad elandelayo:
- izimpawu ezinzima zesifo;
- ushukela wegazi ophakeme ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho;
- ukuvela koshukela emchameni.
Udokotela wezilwane kufanele ahlukanise isifo sikashukela namanye ama-pathologies anesithombe esifanayo sasemtholampilo. Isibonelo, ngesifo sikashukela i-insipidus - isifo esihambisana nokuphuma komchamo omkhulu ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwe-hormone ye-antidiuretic. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthola ukuthi luhlobo luni lwesifo sokuphefumula esiveze inja, ngoba indlela yokuqhubeka kwesifo incike kulokhu.
Indlela eyinhloko yokuxilonga i-capillary sampling yegazi yokuhlola ushukela. Izinga le-glycemic ezinjeni liyi-5.5 mmol / L, njengasemzimbeni ophilile. Izibalo ze-Glycemia azinganqunywa kuphela kwelebhu yezilwane, kodwa nasekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ama-glucometer akhethekile afakwe imicu yokuhlola nemikhonto yokugobhoza izicubu ezithambile.
Ukulinganisa kwe-glycemia kwenziwa ngokufaka ithonsi legazi ngesihloko kwibhande lokuhlola, elifakwe kumamitha, umphumela ukhonjiswa esikrinini
Amaphawundi we-paw wesampula yegazi awasetshenziswa, ngoba lapho kukhona khona imithambo kujule ngokwanele. Ukudunwa kuzoba buhlungu futhi kudale isilwane kakhulu. Igazi lokuhlaziywa ezinjeni lithathwa esihlangwini sendlebe. Yenza ama-capillaries asendaweni ngokweqile.
Ukuhlolwa kwesinxephezelo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezingeziwe zokuxilonga:
- amazinga wokulinganisa ama-fructosamine;
- ukulinganisa kwe-glycated (glycosylated) izinombolo ze-hemoglobin.
I-Fructosamine iyinkomba yezinga eliphakathi kashukela ezinsukwini ezedlule eziyi-10-15 (kweminye imithombo - kuze kube ngamaviki ama-3). I-hemoglobin ye-Glycated nayo ikhombisa i-glycemia ephakathi, kepha izinyanga ezi-3.5 ukuya kwezi-4.
Icebo Lokudla Izilwane Ezigulayo
Ngemuva kokuthi umniniyo athole ukuthi isilwane sakhe esinemilenze emine sine- "matenda amnandi", kuphakama umbuzo obalulekile wokuthi usondla kanjani isilwane sakhe noma kanjani. Ngemuva kwakho konke, wukudla okunempilo okubhekwe njengenye yamaphuzu abalulekile ekwelashweni kashukela ezinjeni. Ukukhetha okulungile kokudla kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine amazinga kashukela egazini ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo eyamukelekayo.
Imigomo yokudla yezinja zesifo sikashukela:
- ukudla okuvunyelwe kwe-caloric ekudleni kwansuku zonke kufanele kubhekwe;
- ukunciphisa inani lama-carbohydrate avela nokudla;
- nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha ukwehlisa umthwalo kuma-pancreas;
- khuphula inani lokudla kwamaprotheni.
I-Royal Kanin inikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla kwenja yesifo sikashukela eyomile. Baboniswa phambi kwe-endocrinopathy kanye nesisindo se-pathological. Akunconyelwe ukondla abangane abanezinyawo ezine ngomkhiqizo onjalo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukukhulelwa, ukukhula, ngokudangala okukhulu komzimba wesilwane. Abenzi bancoma ukuqala ngeRoyal Canin Obesity Canine. Isilwane kufanele sehlise ama-2-3% esisindo saso ngeviki, sidla isisindo esomile. Ngemuva kokufinyelela isisindo somzimba esifanele, i-Weight Control Canine inqunyelwe ukugcina isisindo senja ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo eyamukelekayo.
Iphakethe elingu-1.5 kg kuzodingeka likhokhe cishe ama-ruble angama-900-1000
Izinzuzo zefomula yokudla okungenamsoco yezinja ezine-Royal Canin sikashukela yilezi:
- amaphesenti aphezulu ezinto ezinamaprotheni kumkhiqizo, ngenxa yokuthi isilwane siphelelwa ngamafutha amaningi, hhayi izicubu zomzimba;
- ukuba khona kwamavithamini kanye namaminerali adingekayo;
- inani elikhulu le-glucosamine ne-chondroitin sulfate, okuthinta kahle isimo sohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal;
- okuqukethwe kwenani elifanelekile lamafutha acid evimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosulinosis futhi kubuyise imetabolism yamafutha.
Abanikazi abondla izilwane zabo ezibandayo i-ayisikhilimu namaswidi kuyodingeka bawushiye lo mqondo, ngoba le mikhiqizo inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-carbohydrate ekwakhiweni.
Izici zokwelapha
Umgomo wokwelapha isifo awukhona nje kuphela ukususa izimpawu zesimo se-pathological, kodwa futhi nokuthola isinxephezelo, okungukuthi, isimo lapho amazinga kashukela wegazi agcinwa ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile isikhathi eside. I-Normoglycemia inganciphisa umthamo we-insulin, ophethwe ngomjovo, futhi inciphise nengozi yezinkinga ezivela emehlweni, imithambo yezinzwa yezinzwa, nohlelo lwezinzwa.
Ukwelashwa kwenja isifo sikashukela kususelwa kumaphuzu amathathu amakhulu:
- ukulungiswa komsoco;
- indlela yokuphila esebenzayo;
- ukuphathwa kwe-insulin esebenza nge-insulin ngokungabonakali ngendlela yemijovo.
Isikhathi sokuqala sokwelashwa kwe-insulin kufanele senziwe esibhedlela. Ukukhetha umthamo womuthi ogulayo onemilenze emine uthathwa njengomsebenzi onzima, ngakho-ke inqubo ithatha okungaphezu kosuku olulodwa. Kunezikhathi lapho izilwane zivunywa emitholampilo yezilwane ezimweni ezibucayi (ngokwesibonelo, nge-ketoacidosis). Ezimweni ezinjalo, sebenzisa i-infusion therapy, ukwethulwa kwe-insulin emthanjeni.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin yenja kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo:
- I-Levemir;
- ILantus;
- I-Protafan;
- I-Novorapid.
Uhlobo oluthile lokwelashwa lukhethwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezilandelayo:
- ngokulinganisa nsuku zonke kwe-glucosuria;
- ngokuhlola ushukela egazini noma umchamo kathathu ngosuku;
- ukuzimisela kwezibalo ze-glycemia njalo emahoreni ama-3-4.
Zonke izinkomba ziqoshwa ekhasini lokuhlolwa kweziguli. Ngokusekelwe kubo, kuthathwa umthamo wento yamahomoni. Ngaphambi kokususa isilwane, qiniseka ukuthi umnikazi waso uyakuqonda lokho okufanele abhekane nakho lapho ekwelapha isilwane, indlela efanelekile yokufaka i-insulin, indlela yokuziphatha nenja yesifo sikashukela.
Yibuphi ubunzima ongabhekana nabo?
Ukuxazululwa njalo kwekhambi yi-hypoglycemia. Lesi yisimo esibonisa ukwehla okungathi sína kwezibalo zeglue egazini lesilwane. Kungenzeka ngenxa yedosi elawulwa ngendlela engafanele ye-hormone, ukuzikhandla ngokweqile komzimba (ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuzingela), ngokukhathala komzimba.
I-Hypoglycemia iba nesikhathi esifushane futhi ihambisana nezimpawu ezicacile
Izimpawu zesimo se-hypoglycemic zicacile impela futhi zishiwo:
- ubuthakathaka obukhali;
- ukozela
- ukubanjwa okukhokhisa;
- ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
Uma ngabe lesi simo sivele ekhaya, udinga ukukala izibalo ze-glycemia, futhi lapho uqinisekisa i-pathology, kufanele ufake ijubane le-glucose emthanjeni noma ngaphakathi. Obunye ubunzima obungahlangabezana nabo nokwelashwa kwe-insulin yiSomoji syndrome. Lesi simo sikhonjiswa isenzo esinde se-hormone ngemuva kokuphathwa kwayo kunalokho obekulindelwe. Ukulwa nokuxinana, kubalulekile ukulungisa umthamo wekhambi lomuthi.
I-Cataract iyona nkinga evamile yesifo “esimnandi” ezinjeni
Izinkinga ezingapheli zesifo sikashukela yizimo eziyingozi eziholela ekuphazamisweni kwezitho zangaphakathi. Izinja zivezwa ukulimala kwemithambo kwizixhobo ze-renal, okuboniswa ukwehluleka kwezinso, kanye ne-pathology ye-analyzer ebonakalayo ngesimo sezibuko.
Izimbangela zezinkinga ezingamahlalakhona yi-angiopathies. Lezi yizilonda ze-vascular, ngenxa yalokho inqubo ye-trophic yamaseli nezicubu kushintsha. Udonga lwangaphakathi lwemikhumbi lufakwe ngama-atherosselotic plaque, athi kancane kancane avale i-lumen futhi aphazamise i-microcirculation.
I-Angiopathy ithinta nesistimu ye-peripheral yezinzwa. I-Pathology iziveza ngesimo sokuphazamiseka ku-gait yenja, ukubukeka kobuhlungu, nobuthakathaka bemisipha. Isifo sikashukela sezilwane singathinta uhlelo lwe-musculoskeletal. Sikhuluma ngokuvela kwe-osteoporosis, dystrophy yemisipha nezinye izimo ze-pathological.
Isifo sikashukela sithathwa njengesifo esinamandla. Umnikazi, okutholakale ukuthi umngani wakhe unezinyawo ezine, kufanele aqaphele ukuthi kuzofanele alwe nalesi sifo. Uma ulandela izincomo zabadokotela bezilwane, ungafinyelela isinxephezelo esingapheli futhi unwebe impilo yezilwane ezifuywayo.
