Isifo sikashukela mellitus sithinta impilo yonke yesiguli, ngoba lesi yisifo esibi futhi esingamahlalakhona, ngeshwa, esingaqedwa ngokuphelele. Imikhawulo iphathelene nokudla, ukusebenza ngokomzimba, inqubo yansuku zonke ngisho nomsebenzi. Ukwelashwa komjovo noma ukuphuza amaphilisi kwenza isiguli sihlele uhlelo lwaso kusengaphambili, ekuqaleni esingabonakala sinzima. Kepha ukunamathela ezincomelweni zezokwelapha zesifo sikashukela, ungaphila impilo ephelele, udle kamnandi futhi uzizwe kahle.
Izimiso ezivamile zokupheka
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zingcono kakhulu ukudla izikhathi ezingama-5-6 ngosuku ezingxenyeni ezincane. Ukudla kufanele kube nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhalori kanye nenkomba ephansi noma emaphakathi ye-glycemic ukuze umuntu angasheshe athole isisindo futhi angahlushwa izinguquko ezisheshayo emazingeni kashukela wegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ingxenye encane yesitsha ilula, kuba lula kakhulu ukugaya nokuthambisa, futhi umthwalo owengeziwe ezithweni zamapheshana asesiswini sikashukela awunamsebenzi.
Lapho udweba imenyu efanelekile, i-endocrinologist, kanye nesiguli, kufanele icabangele izici zokusebenzisa kwakhe umzimba, ukunambitheka, isisindo, ubudala kanye nokuba khona kwezinye izifo. Ukudla okunama-carbohydrate amaningi kulungele abanye abantu, abanye, ukudla okunamafutha amancane, nakwabanye, ukudla okulinganiselayo okuqukethe i-calorie elinganiselwe. Indlela eyodwa kanye nokubekwa phambili kwemikhiqizo yemvelo enempilo ekudleni kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo yokwelashwa nokubambelela ekudleni isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokwehluleka.
Kunemigomo yenhlangano yokudla, efiselekayo ukunamathela kubo bonke, noma ngabe hlobo luni lwesifo:
- ibhulakufesi kufanele ifake izitsha ezinama-carbohydrate ahamba kancane ukwanelisa umzimba ngamandla losuku lonke;
- ikhefu phakathi kokudla akufanele lidlule amahora ama-3;
- nomuzwa onamandla wendlala, kuyadingeka ukukala ushukela wegazi futhi udle ukudla okunempilo (ama-apula, amantongomane), kanye ne-hypoglycemia, yidla ukudla okunama-carbohydrate asheshayo;
- kungcono ukuhlanganisa inyama hhayi okusanhlamvu, kodwa ngezitsha eziseceleni yemifino, ngoba icwilisa kangcono futhi kulula ukuyigaya;
- awukwazi ukulala ngemizwa ebunjiwe yendlala, ngaphambi kokulala ungaphuza ingilazi ye-kefir ephansi noma i-yogurt yemvelo ngaphandle kwezithasiselo.
Amapulangwe, ama-beet nemikhiqizo yobisi asiza ukuthuthukisa ukugaya nokwandisa ukuhamba kwamathumbu. Ngenhloso efanayo, ungaphuza ingilazi yamanzi esiswini esingenalutho cishe imizuzu engu-15 ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni. Lokhu kusebenze uhlelo lokugaya ukudla futhi kuthuthukisa inqubo yokugaya.
Isifo sikashukela sidinga ukuqapha ukuhlanzwa okujwayelekile komzimba ngendlela yemvelo ukuze kungaqongeleli ubuthi kanye nemikhiqizo yokugcina yemetabolism.
Ukudla
Noma ngabe uluhlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukuthi isiguli silandele indlela esidla ngayo. Kuliqiniso, ngohlobo lwesifo esincike e-insulin, singaba sibi kakhulu, ngoba isiguli sihlala senza imijovo yamahomoni futhi singakwazi ukubala umthamo odingekayo womuthi ngokuya ngalokho ahlela ukukudla. Kepha kunoma yikuphi, bonke abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bagweme ukudla ukudla ngomthwalo we-carbohydrate ophezulu, ngoba babangela ushintsho emazingeni kashukela egazini futhi bavuse ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ngokuzayo.
Isisekelo sokudla kufanele kube yimifino. Zinezinkomba eziphansi ze-glycemic nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwefiber, okudingekayo ekuhambeni kwamathumbu amaningi. Ngesifo sikashukela, i-metabolism iyancipha, futhi isiguli singaphazanyiswa ukuqunjelwa, okugcwala ukudakwa komzimba. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kungakuhle ukuthi udle imifino izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngosuku. Aqukethe amavithamini kanye nezakhi zamaminerali ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwazo zonke izitho nezinhlelo. Izithelo ziyasebenziseka nakwabanesifo sikashukela, kepha ukuzikhetha, kudingeka unake inkomba ye-glycemic - kufanele ibe ephansi noma ephakathi.
Okusebenziseka kakhulu kwabanesifo sikashukela kukudla okunjalo:
Ukuvimbela unyawo lwesifo sikashukela kushukela- Utamatisi
- ukholifulawa;
- ithanga
- i-apula;
- eliphakathi kwe;
- izithelo ezisawolintshi;
- ihalananda;
- isitshalo seqanda
- anyanisi;
- ugarlic
- upelepele.
Phakathi kwezinhlanzi nenyama udinga ukukhetha izinhlobo ezisindayo. Kungcono ukuthi ubaphekele usinki noma kuhhavini ngaphandle kokufaka uwoyela omningi. Inyama kufanele ibe khona ekudleni nsuku zonke, izinhlanzi - izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto. Ama-diabetes ayakhonzwa kahle ngefilili ebilisiwe noma ebhakwe ye-turkey, ebilisiwe noma enamafutha enkukhu engenasikhumba yenkukhu nenyama yerabi. I-Pollock, hake ne-tilapia zikhethelo ezinhle kakhulu zezinhlanzi, ngoba le yimikhiqizo enamafutha aphansi enamakhemikhali acebile futhi awusizo. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuthi iziguli zidle ingulube, inyama yenkomo enamafutha, inyama yedada, ihansi nenhlanzi enamafutha, njengoba le mikhiqizo ilayisha ama-pancreas futhi inyusa i-cholesterol yegazi.
Ama-cereal angumthombo obalulekile wama-carbohydrate aphambili kwabanesifo sikashukela
Okuwusizo kakhulu yi-porridge kakolweni, i-buckwheat, amabele ne-pea porridge. Inkomba yabo ye-glycemic iphakathi, futhi ukwakheka kwabo kuqukethe amavithamini amaningi, i-iron, i-calcium nezinye izinto zomkhondo. Lapho wenza imenyu, abanesifo sikashukela badinga ukukhipha i-semolina nelayisi elikhishwe kuwo, ngoba akukho lutho oluwusizo kubo olunokuqukethwe kwekhalori okuphezulu.
Ukulawulwa kweshukela
Ukuqashwa njalo kwamazinga kashukela kuyisisekelo sokwelapha noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela nokuvimbela izinkinga. Uma isiguli sisebenzisa imitha njalo, siyakwazi ukubona ukuqala kwe-hypoglycemia noma ukugxuma ushukela ngesikhathi. Uma ukutholwa kwephula umthetho kusheshe kutholakale, kulula kakhulu ukunikeza usizo futhi ugcine impilo yesiguli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sibonga kakhulu ukubhekwa kwe-glycemia, ungabheka impendulo yomzimba kokudla okusha futhi uqonde ukuthi ngabe kufanele kungeniswe ekudleni yini.
Ukuze imitha ikhombise amanani afanele, kumele ilinganiswe ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ihlolwe kusetshenziswa izixazululo zokulawula ushukela. Imichilo yokuhlola ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, njengoba umphumela ungahlanekezelwa kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukushintsha ibhethri efakwe kudivayisi ngesikhathi, ngoba futhi kuthinta ubuqiniso bamanani atholakele.
Ukwelashwa
Ukuze kulondolozwe inhlala kahle kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kufanele kubhekwe uhlobo lomjovo we-insulin. Ngale hlobo lwesifo, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kwemijovo, ngoba umzimba awukwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin ngesilinganiso esifanele. Akukho kudla okuzokuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze impilo enhle isikhathi eside uma isiguli singakunaki ukujova kwama-hormone noma kuwenze ngokungahleliwe. Kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu akwazi ukubala ngokuzimela umthamo odingekayo wesidakamizwa esikhokhelwayo, kuya ngokuthi uzokudla ini, futhi aqonde nomehluko wesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-insulin emfushane nehlala isikhathi eside.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, ama-pancreas ngokuvamile akhiqiza i-insulin eyanele (noma umsebenzi wayo uncishiswe kancane). Kulokhu, isiguli ngeke sidinge imijovo ye-hormone, futhi ukuze kulondolozwe izinga lokudla ushukela egazini kuzokwanela ukunamathela ekudleni nasekuzivocavoca. Kodwa uma ukumelana kwe-insulin kwezicubu kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi lezi zindlela zokwelapha azisebenzi ngokwanele, ngokuhambisana nezincomo zomtholampilo nezinqubomgomo, isiguli singabekwa amaphilisi okunciphisa ushukela. Isazi se-endocrinologist kuphela okufanele sibakhethe, ngoba imizamo yokuzelapha ngokwayo ingaholela ekuwohlokeni kwesimo esijwayelekile kanye nokwanda kwesifo.
Kwesinye isikhathi ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, isiguli singadinga imijovo ye-insulin. Lokhu kuvame ukulingana okwesikhashana, futhi uma udokotela etusa le ndlela yokwelashwa, kufanele iqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukukhulelwa noshukela
Uma ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ngemuva kwesizinda sohlobo 1 sikashukela esikhona, owesifazane angadinga ukulungisa umthamo we-insulin. Kuma-trimesters ahlukahlukene, isidingo sale hormone sehluke, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kwezinye izinkathi zokukhulelwa umama okhulelwe angakwazi ukwenza okwesikhashana ngaphandle kwemijovo. I-endocrinologist, yona kanye ne-obstetrician-gynecologist ezobheka isiguli ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kufanele ibandakanyeke ekwenziweni kwemithamo emisha nezinhlobo zezidakamizwa. Abesifazane abakhulelwe kanjalo nabo kufanele balungise ukudla, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi sempilo yowesifazane, isidingo sezakhamzimba namavithamini sikhuphuka kakhulu.
Kukhona uhlobo lwesifo olwenzeka kubantu besifazane kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa - yisifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Kulesi simo, isiguli cishe asikaze sinqume umjovo we-insulin, futhi izinga likashukela wegazi laziwa ngokujwayelekile, ngenxa yokudla. Konke ukudla okumnandi nezithelo ezinomthwalo omkhulu we-carbohydrate, ushukela, isinkwa kanye ne-confectionery akufakiwe ekudleni. Owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele athole ama-carbohydrate ezinsolweni, pasta kusuka kukolweni we-durum nemifino. Ukudla kwesiguli okuphathelene nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kubalulekile ukuze sinciphise ingozi yokuthuthuka kokukhubazeka ku-fetus kanye nezinkinga zokuzala, futhi kusiza ukuvimbela ukuguquguquka kwesifo kwesinye isifo sikashukela "esigcwele". Ngokuya ngezincomo zikadokotela oholayo, njengomthetho, ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, izinkinga ngokunyamalala kwe-carbohydrate metabolism ziyanyamalala, futhi amazinga kashukela wegazi ajwayelekile.
Ukuvimbela i-Diabetesic Foot Syndrome
Isifo sikashukela sonyawo sikashukela siyinkinga enkulu yesifo sikashukela, esibonakala ngoshintsho lwe-pathological kwezicubu zamaphethelo aphansi. Izimpawu zokuqala zingase kube ukuqunjelwa nokuxineka kwesikhumba, ushintsho kumbala waso kanye nokulahlekelwa okuyingxenye kokuzwela okubucayi kanye nobuhlungu. Esikhathini esizayo, izilonda ze-trophic zakhiwa ezinyaweni, zibangelwa ukungondleki kwezicubu zasendaweni, ezipholisa kabi futhi isikhathi eside. Uma ukutheleleka kujoyina isilonda esimanzi, ubungozi bokukhula kwe-gangrene bukhuphuka, okungaholela ekunqunyweni konyawo ngisho nokufa.
Ukuvimbela lokhu kuqubuka kwesifo esesabekayo, kufanele:
- bambelela emithethweni yokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu futhi ulondoloze izinyawo ezihlanzekile;
- hlola isikhumba semilenze njalo ngomonakalo omncane, ukuhlukunyezwa kanye nemifantu;
- ukuzivocavoca kwezinyawo nsuku zonke ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhamba kwegazi nokubekwa ezindlini;
- ngemuva kwezinqubo zamanzi, sula ngokuphelele isikhumba ngethawula lemvelo;
- khetha izicathulo ezintofontofo zokugqoka kwansuku zonke ngaphandle kwezithende eziphakeme;
- qinisa isikhumba njalo ngo-ukhilimu noma ngo-lotion ukuze ungoma.
Ngesikhathi sokubonisana okuhleliwe kwe-endocrinologist, kuyadingeka ukuthi udokotela ahlole imilenze yesiguli futhi, uma kunesidingo, anikeze izifundo zemithi yokuthuthukisa i-microcirculation yegazi. Kwi-polyclinics, njengomthetho, amakhabethe womsebenzi wesinyawo sikashukela, lapho isiguli singalinganisa ukuzwela kwesikhumba semilenze futhi sihlole isimo sabo esivamile.
Ukuhlola ukujikeleza kwegazi nokungena ngaphakathi, udokotela angancoma ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kwemithambo yegazi yemikhawulo engezansi nge-dopplerography
Ukuvimbela izinkinga zezinso nezinso
Isifo sikashukela nesinye isifo singesinye sezinkinga zesifo esiqhubeka ngokushesha noshukela ophezulu wegazi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukugcwala okukhulu kwe-glucose kwenza igazi libonakale kakhudlwana, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ezinso ukuthi kulihlunga. Uma isiguli sithuthukisa umfutho wegazi ngokufana, lezi zinkinga zingaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso kanye nesidingo sokushintshashintsha kwamadayimane (kusetshenziswa izinsiza "zokugcina izinso").
Ukwehlisa ingozi yokuthola i-nephropathy enzima, kufanele:
- ukukala ushukela wegazi njalo futhi ulondoloze ezingeni lelitshe;
- nciphisa inani likasawoti ekudleni ukuze ungazukubangela izinkinga zokuvuvukala nezingcindezi;
- uma kutholakala amaprotheni emchameni, kufanele kulandelwe ukudla okuncane kwamaprotheni;
- qapha izinkomba ze-metabolism yamafutha futhi uvikele ukwanda okunamandla kwe-cholesterol yegazi.
Enye into ebalulekile enesifo sikashukela ngamehlo. I-Diabetesic retinopathy (ushintsho lwe-pathological e-retina) ingaholela ekwehlelweni okukhulu kwe-acuity ebonakalayo ngisho nokungaboni. Ukuvimbela, kuyadingeka ukuthi uvakashele udokotela wezifo zamehlo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha futhi uhlolwe i-fundus. Ukuqashwa njalo kwamazinga kashukela egazini kuyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuvimbela izinkinga ezinzima ze-retinal. Kungenxa yokugcwala okukhulu koshukela osegazini lapho ukuguquguquka kwe-pathological emithanjeni yegazi encane kuyaqhubeka kanye nombono wokulimala. Ngeshwa, i-retinopathy cishe ayinakwenzeka ukugwema, kepha ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kungamiswa futhi kuncishiswe.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus asisona nje isifo lapho amazinga kashukela egazi enyuka ngaphezu kwesijwayelekile. Lokhu kugula kushiya uphawu lwawo kuwo wonke amabanga empilo yomuntu, kumphoqa ukuthi alalelisise ekukhetheni kwemikhiqizo yokudla nasekuhleleni inqubo yansuku zonke. Kepha kulandela izincomo zabodokotela nokulalela impilo yakho, ungafunda impilo nalesi sifo ngaphandle kokucabanga ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isifo sikashukela esikhawulelwe kahle, ubungozi bezinkinga buncane, futhi izinga lempilo lesiguli liphezulu impela.
