Isifo sikashukela mellitus siba mncane unyaka nonyaka. Uma ngaphambilini bekutholakale kubantu abadala kuphela, namuhla kutholakala kakhulu ezinganeni nasebasha. Ngokunikwa ukuthi lesi sifo aselapheki futhi kwesinye isikhathi siholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene, umuntu ngamunye kufanele azazi izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo ukuze aqale ukwelashwa ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela akuhlali kuqale ngezimpawu ezinzima, odokotela balule ukuthi kumele bahlolwe njalo isifo sikashukela. Kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Kungenxa yabo ukuthi sizokhuluma manje.
Izinhlobo zezifo
Ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngokuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela esisebenza kakhulu ekunqumeni ukuqala kwesifo, kubalulekile ukusho amagama ambalwa ngezinhlobo zalesi sifo. Kunezinhlobo ezi-4:
- uhlobo lokuqala (T1);
- uhlobo lwesibili (T2DM);
- ukuthinta;
- neonatal.
I-T1DM yisifo lapho amaseli we-pancreatic alimala khona futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kukhubazeka, okuyiyo ebhekele ukucubungula i-glucose nokuhanjiswa kwayo kumaseli. Ngenxa yalokhu kwephulwa, ushukela ongena emzimbeni kanye nokudla uqala ukuzinza egazini.
I-T2DM yisifo lapho kugcinwa khona ubuqotho nokukhiqiza ama-pancreas, kepha ngasizathu simbe amaseli aqala ukulahlekelwa umuzwa wawo we-insulin. Bayayeka “ukuyivumela” uqobo, ngenxa yalokho okwedlula lapho ushukela wayo uqala khona ukuhlala egazini. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokweqisa kwamangqamuzana omzimba emzimbeni, wona uqobo angamandla awo. Lapho kunamafutha amaningi, umzimba uyeka ukuzwa isidingo soshukela, futhi ngenxa yalokho awubambi.
Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa yisifo esikhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngalesi sizathu, ibizwa nangokuthi isifo sikashukela esikhulelwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-pancreas iba ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu, ngenxa yalokho iyaphuma, futhi umkhiqizo we-insulin uyancipha. Ngemuva kokubeletha, ukusebenza kwesitho kuyabuyiselwa futhi isifo sikashukela siyanyamalala. Noma kunjalo, ubungozi bokuba nayo enganeni ezelwe buhlala buphakeme impela.
Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela, isilinganiso sokuthuthuka nendlela yokwelashwa
Isifo sikashukela se-Neonatal sivela ngemuva kokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezibhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. I-pathology enjalo iyivelakancane ngokweqile kwezokwelapha futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuyelapha.
Noma ngabe uluhlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela, lesi sifo sibeka engcupheni enkulu impilo yomuntu. Ushukela wegazi ophakanyisiwe uvusa izinguquko ze-pathological ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo, izinso, isibindi, ukuphela kwezinzwa, njll. Ngenxa yalokho, isiguli siba nezinkinga ezinkulu, ezinye zazo zingaholela ekufeni (ngokwesibonelo, i-hypoglycemic noma i-hypoglycemic coma).
Izimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo
Akunzima ukuthola ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela kumuntu ngezimpawu anazo. Kuliqiniso, kuleli cala sekushiwo ngentuthuko esebenzayo yesifo sikashukela, ngoba ekuqaleni kokusungulwa kwayo, iqhubeka cishe ngokungabi nalutho.
Izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela yilezi:
Ungasibona kanjani isifo sikashukela ekhaya- umlomo owomile nokoma okungapheli;
- ukuchama njalo;
- ukudumba kwemikhawulo;
- amanxeba angapholi;
- izilonda ze-atrophic;
- ukushuba kwemilenze;
- ukukhathala;
- indlala engagculisi;
- ukukhuphuka kokukhathazeka;
- kwehlise i-acuity ebonakalayo;
- ukwanda kokuthola izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- gxuma njalo emfuthweni wegazi.
Izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, akudingekile ukuthi zonke lezi zimpawu zibonakale ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuvela okungenani kwamaningana awo kuyisizathu esibi sokuxhumana nochwepheshe futhi uhlolwe ngokuphelele. Khumbula ukuthi ukutholwa kanye nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kwalesi sifo kungavimba ukuvela kwezinkinga ezinkulu lapho kukhona isifo sohlobo 1 noma uhlobo 2 sikashukela, okukhona phakathi kwalokhu:
- i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela;
- unyawo lwesifo sikashukela;
- i-neuropathy;
- gangren
- i-thrombophlebitis;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- isifo se-cholesterol;
- infarction myocardial;
- isifo sohlangothi;
- I-hyperglycemic / hypoglycemic coma.
Ukuhlolwa Kwesifo
Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlola isimo somzimba wakho nokuthola ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela ezigabeni zokuqala. Okuthembeke kakhulu kubo ukuya kudokotela bese uthola ukuhlolwa kwegazi kocwaningo lwe-biochemical kanye nokubekezelelana kwe-glucose (isivivinyo sokugcina siveza ngisho noshukela ofihliwe). Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zindlela zokuxilonga zibekelwe iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3-6 ukubheka inkambo yesifo.
Uma kungekho ithuba lokuya kudokotela, futhi unezinsolo zesifo sikashukela, ungavivinya ngezimpendulo online. Kulula ngokwanele ukuphendula eminye imibuzo, futhi kuzosungulwa isifo esixilonga. Ukunquma ukuthi isifo sikashukela siqala ukukhula noma cha, kungenzeka ekhaya kusetshenziswa i-glucometer, imichilo yokuhlola noma ikhithi ye-A1C.
Imitha kashukela wegazi
I-glucometer iyithuluzi elisetshenziswa ngabantu abanesifo sikashukela ukukala amazinga kashukela egazini nsuku zonke. Kwinkimbinkimbi yayo kukhona imichilo ekhethekile okudingeka ukuthi ufake kuyo inani elincane legazi elivela emunweni, bese uyifaka kudivayisi. Ngokuya ngemodeli yemitha, imiphumela yocwaningo itholakala ngokwesilinganiso ngemizuzu eyi-1-3.
Sebenzisa imitha kashukela egazini kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuthola ushukela wegazi
Ezinye izinhlobo zalawa madivayisi zisiza ukuthola hhayi kuphela ushukela wegazi, kodwa futhi namazinga we-hemoglobin ne-cholesterol. Amamodeli anjalo alula kakhulu, ngoba ukuwasebenzisa ungakhomba ngesikhathi ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ngokumelene nesizinda sikashukela.
Kunconywa ukuba ne-glucometer kuyo yonke indlu. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kunconywa ukuyisebenzisa kuwo wonke umuntu: bobabili abadala nezingane - kungakhathalekile ukuthi umuntu wake watholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela noma cha.
Mangaki imidwebo ezodingeka ukubona ukuthi umuntu uba nesifo sikashukela noma cha? Cishe izingcezu eziyi-15-20. Ushukela wegazi kufanele ulinganiswe kaningana ngosuku phakathi nesonto lonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okokuqala udinga ukukala ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho, futhi ngokwesibili amahora ama-2 ngemuva kokudla. Imiphumela etholakele kumele ibhalwe kudayari. Uma, ngemuva kwesonto lokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile, kutholakale ukuthi ushukela ophakeme ohleliwe, lapho-ke kufanele ngokushesha ufune usizo kudokotela.
Imichilo yokuhlola
Imichilo ekhethekile yokuhlola esisiza ekuboneni izinga loshukela kulusizo lomchamo ukuhlinzeka ngokulawula ushukela. Imichilo enjalo iyathengiswa kuwo wonke amakhemisi. Izindleko zabo ezijwayelekile ngama-ruble angama-500.
Imivimbo yokuhlolwa yokuthola izinga kashukela kanye nama-ketones kumchamo
Okubi kulokhu kuhlolwa ukuthi kuthola ukuba khona kweglucose kuphela nokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu egazini. Uma izinga likashukela likumanani ajwayelekile noma lidlule kancane, lokhu kuhlolwa ngeke kusebenze. Imichilo enjalo ilusizo kwabanesifo sikashukela abanolwazi abavame ukuba ne-hyperglycemia.
Ikhithi ye-A1C
Ukuqiniseka ukuthi amazinga kashukela wegazi ajwayelekile, ungathatha olunye uhlolo usebenzisa ikhithi elikhethekile le-A1C. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuvumela ukuthola idatha ngezinguquko ezilinganisweni ze-glucose ne-hemoglobin esegazini ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule.
Yisiphi isimo lapho udinga khona ukubona udokotela?
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esibucayi esidinga ukwelashwa esisukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuvela kwayo. Ngakho-ke, funa usizo lwezokwelashwa ngokushesha nje lapho izinsolo zokuqala zokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo zivele.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezifo zesifo, kunikezwa ukwelashwa okuhlukile kwabanesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, isiguli sidinga ukwelashwa okufakwa endaweni, okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwemijovo ekhethekile ye-insulin.
Uma umuntu etholakale ene-T2DM, khona-ke kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi kunomsoco onempilo ophansi onokuqukethwe okuphansi kwama-carbohydrate kanye nokuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezikhethekile ezinciphisa ushukela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemijovo ye-insulin kuphela uma ukudla nokuzivocavoca ngokwelashwa kunganiki imiphumela.
Udokotela kuphela ongakwazi ukuxilonga okulungile futhi anikeze ukwelashwa okufanele kwesifo sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa komzimba sidinga kuphela ukubhekisisa ushukela wegazi njalo. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kusetshenziswa kuphela uma kukhona ukwanda okuhlelekile kokugxilwa kwe-glucose egazini futhi kunezingozi ezinkulu zokuxinana. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukugcina izinga likashukela egazini elifanelekile kugcinwa ngokulandela ukudla okune-carb ephansi.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela ithinta kabi isizinda se-hormonal, abesilisa nabesifazane badinga ukuhlala bethatha izivivinyo ze-hormone (testosterone ne-progesterone). Uma kunokwehla noma ukwanda, kuyadingeka ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.
Ngeshwa, akwenzeki njalo ukulawula ushukela wegazi kanye nokudla okufanele ukuze uvikele ukukhula kwesifo. Futhi noma ngabe kwenzeka ukuthi uthole ukuthi unesifo sikashukela, akufanele uphatheke kabi. Indlela efanele yokwelashwa nokuhambisana nazo zonke izincomo zikadokotela izokuvumela ukuthi uthathe inkambo yesifo futhi uphile impilo ephelele.
