Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus iyindlela yokusebenza kwesimo se-pancreas esisebenzayo, esibonakala ukwehluleka kwayo ekuhlanganyeleni i-carbohydrate metabolism. Izinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngenqubo yokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo: ukuxhomekeka kwe-insulin, okungahambisani ne-insulin.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 sihambisana nokuntuleka kwekhono lezinhlwayi ze-pancreatic zeLangerhans-Sobolev ukukhiqiza inani elanele le-insulin esebenza nge-hormone, ebandakanyeka ekuqhekekeni kweglucose. Isifo sohlobo 2 sibonisa ngokuncipha kokuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya ku-insulin ezingeni elijwayelekile lokuqalwa kwaso. Umphumela wazo zombili izinhlobo zalesi sifo uyafana - i-hyperglycemia.
Ukufundwa koshukela okujwayelekile
Kunesimo esibizwa nge-prediabetes. Lesi isikhathi esandulelayo lesi sifo futhi esibonakaliswa ushukela wegazi ophakeme kunokwejwayelekile, kepha akwanele ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwe-diabetes pathology. Kulokhu, amanani eglucose akhonjiswe etafuleni (ku-mmol / l).
| Kuyaqhutshwa | Ubuncane | Ubukhulu |
| Abantu abadala nezingane kusuka eminyakeni engu-5 ubudala | 5,6 | 6 |
| Kusuka onyakeni kuya eminyakeni engu-5 ubudala | 5,1 | 5,4 |
| Kusuka ekuzalweni kuya onyakeni | 4,5 | 4,9 |
Ukubalwa kwegazi le-venous
Izinkomba zesilinganiso se-glucose ku-capillary ne-venous yegazi ziyahlukahluka. Lapho uthatha okuphathelene nomthambo, imiphumela yaziwa ngosuku olulandelayo (isikhathi eside kunalokho lapho ihlaziya ngomunwe). Umphumela ophakeme akufanele ube owesabisayo, ngoba ngisho ne-6 mmol / L ibhekwa njengezinga likashukela elijwayelekile ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwe-5 nabadala.
Ukwanda ngokomzimba kushukela
Ukwanda kwenani le-glucose kungaba yi-pathological (kusuka ngemuva kwesifo) kanye nokuphatheka ngokomzimba (okucasulwa yizici ezithile zangaphandle noma zangaphakathi, kunesimo sesikhashana, akuyona ukubonisa kwesifo).
Ukwanda ngokomzimba ushukela wegazi kungaba umphumela walezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- ukusebenza ngokweqile komzimba;
- izimo ezicindezelayo;
- ukubhema;
- ukwamukela okugeza okuhlukile;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-steroid;
- isimo sangaphambi kokukhubazeka;
- isikhashana ngemuva kokudla.
Ukuzivocavoca kungenye yezici ze-hyperglycemia yomzimba
Isimo sikashukela esinefomu elizimele le-insulin
Izinkomba ezijwayelekile zokubonisa ushukela egazini likashukela wohlobo oluzimele lwe-insulin azifani nezibalo zomuntu ophilile. Le ndlela yalesi sifo ayisho ukuguquguquka okuqinile kwezinkomba. Ezimweni eziningi, kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde ngokuba khona kwe-pathology kuphela ngemuva kokuphasa izivivinyo, ngoba izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokuzwela kwe-insulin zinobumnene.
Umtholampilo ushukela ophezulu
Izimpawu ze-hyperglycemia kwisifo sikashukela esingaxhomekeki ku-insulin, lapho ubheka kuqala, zingahlangana nokubonakaliswa kohlobo lwe-1 yezifo zokugula:
- umuzwa wokoma;
- umlomo owomile
- i-polyuria;
- ubuthakathaka nokukhathala;
- ukozela
- ukwehla kancane kokubona okubonakalayo.
Kepha umtholampilo awubeki engcupheni enkulu emzimbeni wesiguli. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi amazinga kashukela wegazi angenhla evamile angumphumela wokusebenza kahle kwezinso, isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, ukujikeleza kwegazi, ukuhlaziya okubukwayo, nohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal.
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-hyperglycemia
Kufanele ubhekisise umzimba womuntu, unqume izikhathi zokwehla kwamazinga kashukela egazini ngaphezu kokujwayelekile. Umzuzu omkhulu ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla uthathwe njengengozi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ungabona ukuba khona kokubonakaliswa okwengeziwe kwe-pathology:
- amanxeba amade angalapheki, imihuzuko esikhunjeni nasezimvabeni ze-mucous;
- ukudunwa emakhoneni omlomo;
- ukukhuphuka kwegazi izinsini;
- ukwehla kokusebenza;
- ukungazinzi ngokomzwelo.
Amamethrikhi weTight
Ukugwema amathuba okuba nezinkinga zesifo sikashukela kuhlobo 2 lwesifo, iziguli akufanele zivimbele kuphela ukukhula kwe-hyperglycemia, kodwa futhi zilawule ukwehla kwezinkomba ezingaphansi kokujwayelekile. Okusho ukuthi, kufanele ugcine izinga likashukela luhlaka olunamandla (ku-mmol / l):
- ekuseni ngaphambi kokudla - kufika ku-6.1;
- amahora ambalwa ngemuva kwesidlo sasekuseni, isidlo sasemini, isidlo sakusihlwa - akukho ngaphezu kwe-8;
- ngaphambi kokulala - kuze kufike ku-7.5;
- kumchamo - 0-0.5%.
Imodi yokulinganisa ye-Glycemia
Zonke iziguli ezinesifo "esimnandi" zingazizwa zisiwohloka kakhulu esimweni sazo, esihambisana nokuxhuma kweglucose. Abanye baboniswa ushintsho lwasekuseni, kuya ngesidlo, kuyilapho abanye bezwa izinguquko ngaphambi kokulala. Ukuze ufike ngaphambi kwezinguquko ezingazelelwe ngesifo sohlobo 2, kufanele ubheke izinkomba nge-glucometer:
- esimweni sesinxephezelo kathathu ngesonto;
- ngaphambi kokudla ngakunye esimweni sokwelashwa kwe-insulin;
- ngaphambi kokudla ngakunye namahora ambalwa ngemuva kokusebenzisa amaphilisi okwehlisa ushukela;
- emva kokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba, ukuqeqeshwa;
- nomuzwa wendlala;
- ebusuku (njengoba kudingeka).
Idayari yokuziqapha - Umsizi Wez Diabetes Daily
Kungcono ukuthi urekhode yonke imiphumela kudayari yakho noma ekhadini lakho siqu, ukuze i-endocrinologist ikwazi ukulandelela amandla esifo. Lapha, bhala phansi izinhlobo zokudla ezisetshenziswayo, amandla omzimba, inani le-hormone elimele, ukuba khona kwezimo ezicindezelayo nezifo ezihambisana nokuvuvukala noma ezithathelanayo.
Yiluphi uhlobo lokugula lwesifo?
Isifo sikashukela sokuthomba sibonakaliswa ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kubantu besifazane abakhulelwe. Isici saso sifinyelela kushukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla ngamanani okujwayelekile wokuzila. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, i-pathology iyanyamalala.
Iqembu lengcuphe lentuthuko lifaka:
- izingane;
- abesifazane abanesisindo somzimba ophakeme;
- iminyaka engaphezu kuka-40;
- ukuba nethuba lokuthola ifa;
- ehlushwa i-polycystic ovary;
- umlando wesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.
Ukulawula ubukhona be-pathology noma imizwa yokulimala kwamaseli omzimba kwi-glucose ngemuva kweviki lama-24 lokukhulelwa, kwenziwa ukuhlola okuthile. Owesifazane uthatha igazi le-capillary esiswini esingenalutho. Ngemuva kwalokho uphuza i-glucose powder exutshwe emanzini. Ngemuva kwamahora amabili, impahla ibuye iqoqwe. Ukujwayelekile kwengxenye yokuqala yegazi kuze kufike ku-5.5 mmol / L, umphumela wengxenye yesibili ufinyelela ku-8.5 mmol / L. Uma kunesidingo, kungahle kube nezifundo ezengeziwe eziphakathi.
Ingozi yengane
Ukugcina amazinga kashukela ebangeni elijwayelekile kuyiphuzu elibalulekile lokukhula nokukhula kwengane ngesikhathi sokuphila kwesibeletho. Ngokwanda kwe-glycemia, ubungozi be-macrosomia buyanda. Lesi yisimo se-pathological esibonakaliswa iqoqo lesisindo ngokweqile kwengane kanye nokwanda kokukhula kwakhe. Ukujikeleza kwekhanda kanye nesimo sobuchopho kuhlala kungokomkhawulo ojwayelekile, kepha ezinye izinkomba zingadala ubunzima obukhulu lapho umntwana ezalwa.
Umphumela wukulimala kokubeletha enganeni, ukulimala nezinyembezi kumama. Uma ukuba khona kwe-pathology okunjalo kunqunywe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound, khona-ke kuthathwa isinqumo sokubangela ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kwezinye izimo, ingane kungenzeka ingasenaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa ukuba izalwe.
I-glucose Enconyiwe Yokukhulelwa
Ukuhambisana nokudla, ukugwema ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba, ukuzithiba kukuvumela ukuba uguqule izinga leshukela ngendlela evamile. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okujwayelekile kukulandelayo: (mmol / l):
- ubuningi ngaphambi kokudla - 5.5;
- ngemuva kwehora kakhulu - 7.7;
- ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ngesikhathi sokulala, ebusuku - 6.6.
Ukulawulwa kokushukela ushukela - isilinganiso sokuvimbela isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa
Imithetho yokulawula nokulungisa
Ama-indices kashukela ohlobo lweshukela lwesifo sikashukela angalungiswa kalula, kepha lokhu kudinga ukuzikhandla kwesiguli kuye, okubandakanya ukugcina imithetho ethile. Zingasetshenziswa futhi njengezindlela zokuvimbela uhlobo lwethambo lomzimba.
- Ukudla kufanele kube njalo, kepha ngamanani amancane (njalo emahoreni angama-3-3,5).
- Gwema okuthosiwe, obhemayo, nosawoti okufakwe ngezinongo eziningi, ukudla okusheshayo.
- Yenqaba ukuzikhandla ngokweqile komzimba, ukulinganisa izindlela zomsebenzi wokuzivocavoca nokuphumula.
- Njalo ube nanoma yisiphi isithelo esizokwanelisa indlala yakho uma kungenzeka ibonakale.
- Lawula uhlobo lokuphuza.
- Hlola njalo izinkomba ezinoshukela ngezindlela zokubonisa ekhaya.
- Njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-6, vakashela i-endocrinologist futhi uhlole ukusebenza ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Khawulela umthelela wezimo ezicindezelayo.
Noma ngabe hlobo luni lwalesi sifo, ukubambelela eselulekweni sabachwepheshe ngeke kugcine kuphela amanani ajwayelekile futhi kuvimbele ukukhula kwezinkinga, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise impilo yempilo yesiguli.
