Ukukhubazeka yisimo lapho ukusebenza okujwayelekile komuntu kukhawulelwe khona ngezinga elithile ngenxa yokuphazamiseka ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, kwengqondo noma komqondo. Esikhathini sikashukela, njengakwezinye izifo, lesi simo senzelwe isiguli ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha nezenhlalo (ITU). Uhlobo luni lokukhubazeka lohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 isiguli esingalufaka isicelo? Iqiniso ngukuthi iqiniso nje lokuba khona kwalesi sifo kumuntu osemdala akusona isizathu sokuthola isimo esinjalo. Ukukhubazeka kungabhaliswa kuphela uma lesi sifo siqhubeka nezinkinga ezinkulu futhi sibeka imingcele ebalulekile koshukela.
Ukuhlelelwa kokusungulwa
Uma umuntu egula i-insulin ethembele ku-insulin, futhi lesi sifo siyaqhubeka futhi siyithinta kakhulu indlela yakhe yokuphila ejwayelekile, angabonana nodokotela ngochungechunge lwezivivinyo kanye nokubhaliswa kokukhubazeka okungenzeka. Ekuqaleni, isiguli sivakashela udokotela oshidayo odlulisela ukubonisana nodokotela abancane (i-endocrinologist, udokotela wamehlo, isazi sezinhliziyo, udokotela wezengqondo, udokotela ohlinzayo, njll.). Ukusuka ezindlini zokuhlola kanye nezinsizakalo zokuhlolwa, isiguli singabelwa:
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokujwayelekile komchamo;
- ukuhlolwa kweshukela;
- I-Ultrasound yemikhumbi yamaphethelo aphansi nge-dopplerography (nge-angiopathy);
- i-glycated hemoglobin;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-fundus, uzungu (ukuzimisela kokuphelela kwezinkambu ezibukwayo);
- ukuhlolwa okuthile komchamo ukuthola ushukela, amaprotheni, i-acetone kuwo;
- i-electroencephalography kanye ne-rheoencephalography;
- iphrofayili ye-lipid;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemical;
- I-Ultrasound yenhliziyo ne-ECG.
Ukubhalisa ukukhubazeka, isiguli sizodinga leyo mibhalo:
Uhlobo 2 Ukukhubazeka kwesifo sikashukela- ipasipoti
- ezikhishwe ezibhedlela lapho isiguli sathola ukwelashwa kweziguli;
- imiphumela yazo zonke izifundo zaselebhu kanye nezinsizakalo;
- imibono yokweluleka ngezimpawu zamanzi nokuxilongwa kwabo bonke odokotela abavakashelwa yisiguli ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha;
- isicelo sesineke sokubhaliswa kokukhubazeka kanye nokudluliselwa kwe-Therapist ku-ITU;
- ikhadi lesikhathi sokuphuma;
- incwadi yomsebenzi nezincwadi ezifakazela imfundo;
- isitifiketi sokukhubazeka (uma isiguli siqinisekisa iqembu futhi).
Uma isiguli sisebenza, kudingeka sithole isitifiketi kumqashi, esichaza imibandela nohlobo lomsebenzi. Uma isiguli sifunda, kuyodingeka idokhumenti efanayo neyunivesithi. Uma isinqumo sekhomishini sinesimo esihle, onesifo sikashukela uthola isitifiketi sokukhubazeka, esibonisa iqembu. Indinyana ephindaphindwa ye-ITU ayidingekile kuphela uma isiguli sabelwe iqembu eli-1. Eqenjini lesibili nelesithathu lokukhubazeka, yize iqiniso lokuthi isifo sikashukela siyisifo esingalapheki futhi esingalapheki, isiguli kufanele sihlolwe njalo.
Uma udokotela enqaba ukukhipha okudluliselwa ku-ITU (okwenzeka kakhulu), isiguli singazimela ngokwazo zonke izivivinyo bese siletha iphasela lemibhalo elizocutshungulwa yikhomishini
Yini okufanele uyenze uma isinqumo esingesihle se-ITU?
Uma i-ITU yenze isinqumo esibi futhi isiguli singatholanga noma yiliphi iqembu lokukhubazeka, inelungelo lokufaka isikhalazo ngalesi sinqumo. Kubalulekile ukuthi isiguli siqonde ukuthi le yinqubo ende, kepha uma iqiniseka ngokungabi nabulungiswa kokuhlolwa okutholakele kwesimo sayo sempilo, kufanele izame ukufakazela okuphambene nalokho. Umuntu onesifo sikashukela angafaka imiphumela ngokuxhumana nehhovisi elikhulu le-ITU kungakapheli inyanga nesitatimende esibhaliwe, lapho kuzoqhutshwa khona ukuhlolwa okuphindwe kabili.
Uma isiguli senqatshwa nokukhubazeka lapho, singathinta i-Federal Bureau, ebophezelekile ukuthi ihlele eyayo ikhomishini kungakapheli inyanga yenze isinqumo. Isinqumo sokugcina umuntu onesifo sikashukela angafaka enkantolo siyinkantolo. Kungahle kudluliswe icala ngemiphumela ye-ITU eyenziwe yiFederal Bureau ngokuya ngenqubo esungulwe umbuso.
Iqembu lokuqala
Ukukhubazeka okukhulu kakhulu okokuqala. Inikezwa isiguli uma, ngokubhekene nesizinda sikashukela i-mellitus, sikhule saba nezinkinga ezinkulu zesifo esiphazamisa hhayi kuphela umsebenzi wakhe wabasebenzi, kodwa futhi nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu kwansuku zonke. Le mibandela ifaka:
- ukulahleka kombono ongathandisanayo noma okubili ngenxa ye-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela;
- ukunqunywa kwemilenze ngenxa yesifo sikashukela sikashukela;
- i-neuropathy enamandla, ethinta kabi ukusebenza kwezitho nezitho zomzimba;
- isigaba sokugcina sokwehluleka kwezinso okungamahlalakhona okuqhamuke ngemuva kwesizinda se-nephropathy;
- ukukhubazeka komzimba
- Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwesithathu;
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuthuthukile okubangelwa yi-encephalopathy yesifo sikashukela;
- imvamisa ephindaphindeka ye-hypoglycemic coma.
Iziguli ezinje azikwazi ukuzinakekela ngokuzimela; zidinga usizo lwangaphandle oluvela kuzihlobo noma kubasebenzi bezokwelapha (kwezenhlalo). Abakwazi ukuzulazula ejwayelekile esikhaleni, ukuxhumana ngokuphelele nabanye abantu futhi baqhube noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi. Imvamisa iziguli ezinje azikwazi ukulawula indlela ezisebenza ngayo, futhi isimo sazo sincike ngokuphelele ekusizeni abanye abantu.
Ukubhaliswa kokukhubazeka akuvumeli nje ukuthola isinxephezelo sezimali sanyanga zonke, kepha futhi nokubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuvuselelwa kwezenhlalo nokwelashwa kwabantu abakhubazekile
Iqembu lesibili
Iqembu lesibili lisungulwa labanesifo sikashukela abadinga usizo lwangaphandle ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha bangazenzela imisebenzi elula yokuzinakekela bona. Okulandelayo uhlu lwama-pathologies angaholela kulokhu:
- i-retinopathy enzima ngaphandle kokungaboni ngokuphelele (ngokugcwala kwemithambo yegazi nokwakheka kokulimazeka kwemithambo kule ndawo, okuholela ekwandeni okuqinile kwengcindezi ye-intraocular nokuphazamiseka kwe-opic nerve);
- isigaba sokugcina sokwehluleka kwezinhlungu okungamahlalakhona, okuqhamuke ngemuva kwesizinda se-nephropathy (kepha kuncike ekuqhubekeni kwidayalysis okuphumelelayo noma ukufakelwa kwezinso);
- ukugula kwengqondo nge-encephalopathy, okunzima ukuyelapha ngemithi;
- ukulahleka okuyingxenye kwekhono lokuhambisa (i-paresis, kepha hhayi ukukhubazeka okuphelele).
Ngaphezu kwama-pathologies angenhla, imibandela yokubhaliswa kokukhubazeka kweqembu 2 ukungakwazi ukusebenza (noma isidingo zokwakha izimo ezikhethekile zalokhu), kanye nobunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya.
Esikhathini esiningi, abantu abaneqembu lesibili abasebenza noma basebenze ekhaya, ngoba indawo yokusebenza kufanele ihunyushwe kubo, futhi izimo zokusebenza kufanele zilondoloze ngangokunokwenzeka. Yize ezinye izinhlangano ezinomthwalo wemfanelo ophakeme wezenhlalo zinikezela ngemisebenzi ekhethekile ehlukile kubantu abakhubazekile. Okwenziwa ngokomzimba, uhambo lwebhizinisi, kanye nomsebenzi owenqenele akuvunyelwe kulabo basebenzi. Bona, njengabo bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela, banelungelo lekhefu elingokomthetho lokudla kwe-insulin nokudla okuvamisile. Lezi ziguli kudingeka zikhumbule amalungelo azo futhi zingavumeli umqashi ukwephula imithetho yezabasebenzi.
Iqembu lesithathu
Iqembu lesithathu lokukhubazeka linikezwa iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela esilinganiselwe, kanye nokulimazeka kokusebenza okulinganiselayo, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwemisebenzi ejwayelekile yobunzima nobunzima bokuzinakekela. Kwesinye isikhathi iqembu lesithathu lakhiwa yiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 seminyaka encane ukuze zisebenze kahle endaweni entsha yomsebenzi noma esifundweni, kanye nangesikhathi sokukhathazeka kwengqondo okuqhubekayo. Imvamisa, ngokujwayelekile kwesimo sesiguli, iqembu lesithathu liyasuswa.
Ukukhubazeka ezinganeni
Zonke izingane ezinesifo sikashukela mellitus zitholakala zikhubazekile ngaphandle kweqembu elithile. Lapho ifika ebudaleni obuthile (imvamisa yokuba umuntu omdala), ingane kufanele idlule kwikhomishini yesazi, enquma ukwabiwa okwengeziwe kweqembu. Kuncike ekutheni ngesikhathi sokugula isiguli asikaze sibe nezinkinga ezinkulu zesifo, sinamandla futhi siqeqeshiwe ukubala imithamo ye-insulin, ukukhubazeka ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sokuqala kungasuswa.
Ingane egulayo enohlobo lwe-insulin ethembele ku-ushukela inikezwa isimo "sengane ekhubazekile". Ngokungeziwe ekhadini lokuphuma kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo, ekubhalisweni kwalo udinga ukunikeza isitifiketi sokuzalwa kanye nedokhumenti yomunye wabazali.
Ngokubhaliswa kokukhubazeka lapho ifinyelela iminyaka yobudala iningi lengane, kudingeka izinto ezi-3:
- ukungasebenzi okuphikelelayo komzimba, okuqinisekiswe yi-instrumental kanye nelabhorethri;
- ukulinganiselwa okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kwekhono lokusebenza, ukusebenzisana nabanye abantu, ukuzinikela ngokuzimela nokuzulazula ngokwenzekayo;
- isidingo sokunakekelwa komphakathi kanye nokuvuselelwa (ukuvuselelwa).
Umbuso uhlinzeka ngempahla ephelele yezingane ezikhubazekile. Kubandakanya i-insulin nezinto zokuphatha zayo, usizo lwemali, ukwelashwa kwe-spa, njll.
Izici Zokuqashwa
Abanesifo sikashukela esineqembu lokuqala lokukhubazeka abakwazi ukusebenza, ngoba banezinkinga ezinkulu zesifo nezinkinga ezinzima zempilo. Bajike kakhulu kwabanye abantu futhi abakwazi ukuzenzela bona, ngakho-ke, akunakukhulunywa nganoma yimuphi umsebenzi wabasebenzi kuleli cala.
Iziguli eziseqenjini le-2 nele-3 zingasebenza, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, izimo zokusebenza kufanele zishintshwe futhi zilungele abanesifo sikashukela. Lezi ziguli azivunyelwe ku:
- sebenza ubusuku bokuphumula futhi uhlale isikhathi esengeziwe;
- ukwenza imisebenzi yezamabhizinisi lapho kukhutshwa khona amakhemikhali anobuthi futhi anolaka;
- ukuzibandakanya ngokuzikhandla ngokomzimba;
- qhubeka nohambo lwebhizinisi.
Abakhubazekile abanesifo sikashukela akufanele babambe izikhundla ezihambisana nokuxineka okukhulu kwengqondo. Bangasebenza emkhakheni wezabasebenzi bokuzivocavoca noma ukuzivocavoca okukhanyayo okukhanyayo, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu angasebenzi ngokweqile futhi angacubangi ngaphezu kwalokho obekujwayelekile. Iziguli azikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi obeka ingozi empilweni yazo noma ezimpilweni zabanye. Lokhu kungenxa yesidingo semijovo ye-insulin kanye nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu akhula ngokushesha ngenxa yezinkinga zesifo sikashukela (isb. Hypoglycemia).
Ukukhubazeka ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 akusona isigwebo, kodwa kunalokho, ukuvikela komphakathi nesiguli nosizo oluvela kuhulumeni. Ngesikhathi sokudlula kwekhomishini, kubalulekile ukuthi ungafihli lutho, kepha utshele odokotela ngokweqiniso ngezimpawu zabo. Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwenhloso kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa, ochwepheshe bazokwazi ukwenza isinqumo esifanele futhi benze ngokusemthethweni iqembu labakhubazekile abathembele kuleli cala.
