Ngaphandle kokuthi wonke umuntu azi isikhathi eside ukuthi isifo sikashukela singaba yingozi enkulu empilweni yeziguli, iziguli eziningi azinandaba nokuxilongwa kwazo futhi ziyaqhubeka nokuhola indlela yazo yokuphila ejwayelekile. Kepha lokhu kugcwele ngemiphumela engeke iguqulwe, engadala ukuthi kungabi ukuqala kokukhubazeka kuphela, kepha futhi nokufa kungazelelwe. Futhi iyini ingozi yesifo sikashukela nokuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuqhubeka kwayo, manje uzothola.
Amagama ambalwa mayelana ne-pathology uqobo
Ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngokuthi kungani isifo sikashukela sisibi kangaka, udinga ukusho amagama ambalwa mayelana nendlela yokukhula kwayo. Futhi ngalokhu udinga ukubheka izinhlobo zako. Ngakho-ke, isifo sikashukela senzeka:
- Uhlobo lokuqala. Kubonakala ngomonakalo kumaseli we-pancreas kanye nokwephulwa komkhiqizo wabo we-insulin. Kepha yi-hormone lena ebhekele ukuwohloka nokufakwa i-glucose. Ngakho-ke, lapho incipha, ushukela alungeni emaseli wezicubu ezithambile bese luqala ukuzinza egazini.
- Uhlobo lwesibili. Lesi sifo sibonisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwamanyikwe kanye nezinga elanele le-insulin emzimbeni. Kepha amaseli wezicubu ezithambile nezitho zangaphakathi ngesizathu esithile aqala ukungasazwisi, ngakho-ke ayayeka ukumunca ushukela ngokwawo, ngenxa yalokho okuqala ukuqwabelana egazini.
- Ukuhlafunwa. Kubizwa nangokuthi isifo sikashukela esikhulelwe, ngoba yilapho kwenzeka ukwakhiwa kwe-gestosis. Kubonakala nangokwenyuka koshukela wegazi, kodwa hhayi ngoba amaseli we-pancreatic alimale, kodwa ngoba inani le-insulin elikhiqizayo alanele ukuhlinzeka umzimba wowesifazane nengane yakhe. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-insulin, ushukela uqala ukucubungula kancane, ngakho-ke ingxenye yayo eyinhloko ihlala egazini. Isifo sikashukela somzimba sibhekwa njengokugula okwesikhashana futhi sidlule ngokuzimela ngemuva kokubeletha.
Kukhona omunye umqondo - isifo sikashukela. Ukuthuthuka kwayo kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokungafaneleki kwe-antidiuretic hormone (ADH) noma ngenxa yokuncipha kokuzwela kwe-tubules ye-renal kuyo. Kuzo zombili izehlakalo zokuqala nezesibili, ukukhuphuka komchamo ngosuku nokubukeka komile kungagculiseki kuyabonakala. Ukwanda ushukela wegazi akwenzeki nalesi sifo, yingakho ibizwa nge- non-ushukela. Kodwa-ke, i-Symbomatology ejwayelekile ifana kakhulu noshukela ojwayelekile.
Ngokunikezwa iqiniso lokuthi isifo sikashukela sinezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, imiphumela evela ekukhuleni kwabo ihlukile. Futhi ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini esisongela isifo sikashukela, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucubungule uhlobo ngalunye lwayo ngemininingwane eminingi.
Isifo sikashukela sinezinkinga eziningi, kepha uma ukwelashwa okufanele kwenziwa, kungagwenywa.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela 1 nemiphumela yaso
Ekhuluma ngengozi yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kufanele kushiwo ngokushesha ukuthi lesi sifo sivame ukuhambisana nokuqalwa kwe-hyperglycemia ne-hypoglycemia. Esimweni sokuqala, kukhona ukwanda okubukhali koshukela wegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingakhuphukela emazingeni abucayi - 33 mmol / l nangaphezulu. Futhi lokhu, kuba imbangela yokuqalwa kwe-hyperglycemic coma, egcwele hhayi nje ngomonakalo wamangqamuzana obuchopho kanye nengozi enkulu yokukhubazeka komzimba, kodwa futhi nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
I-Hyperglycemia ivame ukwenzeka kubantu abanesifo sikashukela ngokumelene nesizinda sokuphathwa ngokungafanele kwemijovo ye-insulin, kanye nomphumela wokungahambisani nezincomo ezinikezwe udokotela oqondene nokudla. Futhi kule ndaba, indlela yokuphila yokuhlala idlala indima enkulu. Njengoba umuntu ehambisa okuncane, kudonswa amandla amancane futhi ushukela omningi uqoqwa egazini.
I-Hypoglycemia yisimo lapho izinga le-glucose egazini, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lehle liye ngenani eliphansi (iba ngaphansi kuka-3.3 mmol / l). Futhi uma kungazinzile (lokhu kwenziwa kalula nje, kwanele ukunikeza isiguli ucezu ushukela noma ushokoledi), kunengozi enkulu yokukhohlakala kwe-hypoglycemic, okubuye kufakwe nokufa kwamaseli obuchopho nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
Ngokunikezwe lokhu, odokotela ngaphandle kokukhuthaza batusa ukuthi bonke abanesifo sikashukela bahlale belinganisa amazinga kashukela wegazi. Futhi uma kuncipha noma kukhuphuka, kubalulekile ukuzama ukuwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile.
Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isifo sikashukela sigcwele ukuqala kwe-hyper- kanye ne-hypoglycemia, uma singalashwa, kungadala ezinye izinkinga zempilo. Okokuqala, ushukela wegazi ophakeme uvame ukuholela ekwehlulekeni kwezinso, okungaholela ekutheni i-nephropathy kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso.
Izimpawu eziphambili ze-hyperglycemia
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lomthambo luthinteka kakhulu ngalesi sifo. Izindonga zemithambo yegazi zilahlekelwa yizwi, ukuhamba kwegazi kuyaphazamiseka, izicubu zenhliziyo ziqala ukungasebenzi kahle, okuvame ukubanga ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi. Ngenxa yokujikeleza kwegazi okungahambi kahle, amangqamuzana obuchopho aqala ukuzwa ukuntuleka kwe-oksijini, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwawo kungaphazamiseka futhi kuholele ekwakhiweni kwezifo zemizwa ezihlukene.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba kukhubazekile. Noma imaphi amanxeba nokusikeka angakhula abe izilonda ze-purulent, ezizobandakanya ukuthuthukiswa kwe-abscess kanye ne-gangrene. Lapho kwenzeka lokhu kokugcina, kunesidingo sokunqunywa kwesitho somzimba.
Abaningi banesidingo embuzweni wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukubulawa yisifo sikashukela. Akunakwenzeka ukuphendula ngokungangabazeki. Kumele kushiwo ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila kwalesi sifo sincike esigulini uqobo nasendleleni yaso yokuphila. Uma egcwalisa zonke izincomo zikadokotela, ukuphatha injekishini ye-insulin ngokushesha, futhi uma kwenzeka kuba nezinkinga uthola usizo lokwelashwa ngaso leso sikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi uphile waze waguga kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, kuye kwaba nezimo lapho iziguli, noma zingaphansi kwayo yonke imithetho yokwelapha isifo sikashukela, zibulawa yilesi sifo. Futhi isizathu salokhu ezimweni eziningi isifo se-cholesterol, okuyi-satellite ejwayelekile ye-T1DM.
Izindawo ze-cholesterol
Ngokuthuthuka kwayo, amafomu we-cholesterol plaip odongeni lwemithambo, okungagcini nje ukuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi, kodwa futhi namandla okuqhekeka futhi afinyelele emisipha yenhliziyo ngokugeleza kwegazi. Uma zingena kulo, imicu yemisipha iyavaleka, bese lokhu kuba yimbangela yokuqala kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
Ekhuluma ngobunye ubungozi besifo sikashukela, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kungadluliselwa kalula kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubungozi bokuyidlulisela enganeni ikhuphuka uma bobabili abazali benalesi sifo.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus emadodeni sivame ukudala ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile kanye nokukhula kwe-prostatitis, ngoba kuthinta nesistimu yezitho zofuzo. Kepha kwabesifazane, lokhu kugula kuyingozi ngezinkinga ezinkulu nokukhulelwa umntwana, ukukuthwala nokubeletha.
Ekugugeni, lokhu kugula kungavusa:
Imiphumela yesifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane- I-retinopathy Isimo lapho kuthinteka khona i-opic nerve. Kuboniswa ukuncipha kwe-acuity ebonakalayo.
- Encephalopathy Ukulimala kumaseli obuchopho.
- I-Neuropathy. Ukubhujiswa kokuphela kwezinzwa nokuncipha kokuzwela kwesikhumba.
- I-Osterethropathy. Ukubhujiswa kwezakhiwo zamathambo kanye namathambo.
- I-ketoacidotic coma. Kungumphumela we-ketoocytosis (ukwanda kwezinga lemizimba ye-ketone egazini), okuvezwa ngokubonakala kwephunga le-acetone ephuma emlonyeni, isiyezi, ukozela nokoma.
- Ku-lactic acidosis. Lesi simo senzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokuqongelelwa kwe-lactic acid emzimbeni. Igqoke ukusebenza kokuphazamiseka kwezinso, isibindi nenhliziyo.
I-Ketoacidotic coma ne-coma ene-lactic acidosis ingabulala, ngakho-ke, uma zivela, isiguli sidinga ukulashwa esibhedlela okuphuthumayo
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2 nemiphumela yaso
Ekhuluma ngengozi yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kufanele kusheshe kubhekwe ukuthi lesi sifo uqobo, ngaphezu kwamathuba okulimala kwezilonda emzimbeni, asisongeli kangako. Kepha uma ungasebenzisi ukwelashwa kwalo, khona-ke kungaba yimbangela yokukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, imiphumela yako osekuxoxwe ngayo ngenhla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, nge-T2DM kunezingozi eziphezulu ze-hypoglycemia ne-hyperglycemia, ngoba ngesikhathi sokukhula kwayo kunezihibe eziphindaphindayo emazingeni kashukela egazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo sizuzwe njengefa kune-T1DM. Ubungozi bokuthi ivele ezinganeni zenze ama-90%, inqobo nje uma bobabili abazali benenkinga ye-T2DM. Uma umuntu egula, khona-ke amathuba okuvela kwayo enzalweni angama-50%.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo aluvamile ukuhambisana nezinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esiningi kwezokwelapha kuye kwaba nezimo zesifo senhliziyo kanye nokuqunjelwa kwe-myocardial ngokumelene nesizinda saso. Njengomthetho, lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi iziguli ngokwazo azilandeli imithetho yokuphila ekhonjiswe ku-T2DM. Uma isiguli senza ukwelashwa ngendlela efanele, sinamathela ekudleni futhi sihambela ezemidlalo, khona-ke imiphumela ebucayi emelana nesizinda se-T2DM ayivamile kakhulu.
Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa kwesisu
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kwowesifazane uqobo, akabeki engcupheni enkulu empilweni, kepha kungaletha izinkinga eziningi ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokukhula kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kukhona ingozi enkulu yokuba nesifo sikashukela enganeni. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezingane, kufanele zihlolwe le sifo. Kepha akwenzeki njalo ukuyikhomba ngokushesha. Iqiniso ngukuthi lesi sifo sivame ukukhuphuka ngemuva kwesizinda sokukhuluphala ngokweqile, futhi uma umama osanda kubhalwa phansi angenza ngokwejwayelekile isisindo sengane yakhe, khona-ke ubungozi besifo sikashukela buyehla kaningana.
Njengoba unesifo sikashukela sokuthomba, owesifazane udinga ukwelashwa
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi kugcwele ukuqala kwe-fetus hypoxia, ngoba futhi kuba imbangela yokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi nokunganeli komoya komoya ophelele enganeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, angakwazi ukwakha ama-pathologies ahlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile, zihambisana nokusebenza kwengqondo nohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi.
Uma owesifazane etholakala enalolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, akabekelwa ekwelashweni okungathi sina. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukubheka njalo ushukela wegazi nesisindo. Kulokhu, kunqunywe isifo sikashukela esine-kilojoule ekhethekile, enikeza umzimba wonke amaminerali adingekayo namavithamini, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye angavumeli ukuba aqongelele amafutha omzimba.
Esimweni lapho ukudla kungasizi futhi isifo kuqhubeka, kufakwa imijovo ye-insulin. Zibekwa izikhathi ezingama-1-3 ngosuku ngasikhathi sinye ngaphambi kokudla. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela uhlelo lomjovo, ngoba uma lwaphukile, kuzoba nengozi enkulu ye-hyperglycemia ne-hypoglycemia, engadala ukungahambi kahle kwezinkinga zesibeletho esibelethweni.
Isifo sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela i-insipidus siyingozi kakhulu ukwedlula zonke izinhlobo ezingenhla zesifo sikashukela. Into ekhona ukuthi ngalesi sifo sishiya inani elikhulu loketshezi emzimbeni futhi kungekudala noma ukuphuma komzimba, lapho umuntu angaphezu komuntu oyedwa eseshonile. Ngakho-ke, akunakuphikwa ukuthi kufanele uvumele ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo. Ukwelashwa kwayo kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokutholwa.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala sikashukela i-insipidus ukoma okungapheli ngemuva kwesizinda seshukela elijwayelekile
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-polyuria ku-insipidus yesifo sikashukela iyaqhubeka noma ngabe ukomisa sewenzekile. Lesi simo sivezwa ngu:
- ukuhlanza
- ubuthakathaka
- ukulahleka kwengqondo;
- isiyezi
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo;
- tachycardia, njll.
Uma, lapho kuvela ukomisa, akukho mzamo owenziwayo wokubuyisa amanzi agcinwe emzimbeni, khona-ke izinkinga ziqhamuka kwezinye izitho ezingaphakathi nezinhlelo. Ubuchopho, isibindi, izinso, inhliziyo, amaphaphu, isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko - bonke bahlushwa ukuntuleka koketshezi, ukusebenza kwabo kuyaphazamiseka, okubangelwa ukuvela kwezimpawu eziningi, okuthe uma kunje, akuhlobene nokukhula kwalesi sifo.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi, noma ngabe uluhlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela, kufanele lwelashwe ngokushesha. Ngempela, cishe zonke izitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo zihlupheka ngakho, ezingadala hhayi kuphela ukuqala kokukhubazeka, kodwa futhi nokufa okungazelelwe. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukwelapha ushukela ngokwakho, njengoba usufunde amathiphu nezincomo ezahlukahlukene kwizithangami nakwamanye amasayithi. Lokhu ungakwenza kuphela ngaphansi kokubhekelwa ngudokotela ngokuqinile, uvivinya njalo uvivinya isimo somzimba wakho wonke.
Ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukwelapha isifo sikashukela, kodwa kungenzeka ukuvimba ukwenzeka kwezinkinga ngokumelene nesizinda saso. Into esemqoka ukulandela ngokuqinile zonke izincomo zikadokotela futhi uhole indlela efanele, lapho kungekho ndawo yemikhuba emibi nemikhuba yokudla engenampilo.
