Ngokusho kwamakhulu eminyaka, iminyaka yobudala bawo idlule umkhawulo weminyaka yobudala, imikhiqizo yobisi ibonakala ekudleni kwayo. Ngisho nabelaphi basendulo babebheka ubisi njengesiphuzo eselaphayo ekwelapheni nasekuvimbeleni izifo ezahlukahlukene. U-Avicenna weluleke abantu asebekhulile ukuthi baphuze ubisi lwembuzi ngoshukela, ngokufakwa uju noma usawoti. UHippocrates welapha izifo ezithile ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomkhiqizo wobisi. Kuhle ukusebenzisa ubisi ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2? Yini okufanele uyikhethe nokuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani ngokufanele?
Inkomo noma ubisi lwembuzi?
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala kanye nezimpawu zokudla okwenziwa kuzwelonke, imikhiqizo ebalulekile itholakala kwizilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, ngaphandle kwezinkomo - izimvu, izimbuzi, amakamela, izinyamazane. Noma yiluphi ubisi lubaluleke kakhulu ekudleni futhi lunezinto zalo ezizuzisayo.
1 inkomishi yomkhiqizo wenkomo ngosuku ihlanganisa izidingo zomuntu omdala, isisindo esiphakathi:
- amaprotheni - ngo-15%;
- amanoni - 13%;
- i-calcium ne phosphorus - 38%;
- potassium - 25%.
Ngaphandle, okugcina kuhlukaniswa ngombala omhlophe, ngoba unombala omncane. Futhi iphunga elithile, elichazwa yiqiniso lokuthi uketshezi lwembuzi luyakwazi ukudonsa ama-acid aqine asuka esikhunjeni sesilwane. Umkhiqizo wenkomo une-tint ephuzi futhi nephunga elimnandi elimnandi.
Ngingaphuza ubisi ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2? Isifo se-endocrinological of pancreas senzeka ngokuvela kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinga ezivela ezinhlelweni zangaphakathi emzimbeni. Ipheshana lesisu liphendula ezinqubweni eziphazamisekile ze-metabolic nge-acidity kanye ne-gastritis ekhuphukayo.
Uhlelo lokujikeleza luhlupheka ngezinga elikhulu. I-atherosclerosis yemikhumbi ehlukahlukene (i-cerebral, venous, peripheral), izifo zenhliziyo ezi-coronary zenzeka. Umfutho wegazi uyakhuphuka, kuthikamezeka okubukwayo (ukubukeka kwamehlo), isisindo ngokweqile.
Kusetshenziswa ubisi olwenziwe ngobisi
Ibhotela lesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2- ukukhuluphala;
- isibindi, isisu, amanyikwe;
- uhlelo lomchamo;
- ukukhathala.
Isiphuzo sikhuthaza ukukhula nokuqiniswa kwamathambo, ukubuyiselwa kwe-homeostasis (ukwakheka okujwayelekile njalo kwe-lymph negazi), imetabolism kanye nokusebenza kohlelo lwezinzwa. Iziguli ezibuthakathaka azinconywa ngokuqinile hhayi kuphela ubisi kuphela, kodwa nezakhi zalo ezisetshenzisiwe (ukhilimu, i-buttermilk, i-Whey).
Imikhiqizo yobisi yabanesifo sikashukela
Isiphuzo esincane siyatholakala ngenxa yenqubo yokuhlukanisa. I-Cream (ingxenyana ehlukile) ikhiqizwa esikalini sezimboni ezinokuqukethwe kwamafutha ahlukene (10, 20, 35%). Inani lalo mkhiqizo wobisi ukuthi ama-globules angamafutha akulo abe ne-membrane ekhethekile (igobolondo). Inothile ezintweni ezinemiphumela ezuzisayo kuzinhliziyo nezinzwa zamasipha.
I-Buttermilk ithathwa njengomkhiqizo wokudla we-lactic acid ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-lecithin (into ebulala izidakamizwa) kuyo. Kwakhiwa esigabeni sokukhiqizwa kawoyela. ILecithin idlulela ngokuphelele kulo isuka ebisini. Amaprotheni namafutha ku-buttermilk adonswa kahle ngumzimba kubantu asebekhulile.
Ekwenzeni i-casein, i-cottage shizi noshizi, kwakhiwa i-Whey. Inzuzo yayo kukuqukethwe kwe-lactose, kanye nenani elincane lamafutha namaprotheni. Ushukela wobisi uyadingeka ukuze i-microflora evamile emathunjini. ISerum iyithuluzi elihle kakhulu ukulwa ne-atherosclerosis, ngenxa yokuba khona kwezinto ezilandelwayo ekwakhiweni. Ukusetshenziswa kwaso kunikeza imiphumela emihle ekwelashweni kwe-cholecystitis.
Zonke izinzuzo nezingozi zobisi
Imikhiqizo yobisi iqukethe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu ze-biochemical complexes. Ziphakeme ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali kunoma yikuphi okunye ukudla okungokwemvelo.
Amanzi esiphuzweni aqukethe inani elikhulu - 87%
Inkomba yobisi ye-glycemic ingama-30, okungukuthi, i-100 g yomkhiqizo izonyusa ushukela wegazi kathathu ngaphansi kweglucose emsulwa. I-cholesterol ekuyo ingu-0,01 g, uma uyiqhathanisa nenyama yenkukhu ethambile - 0,06 g, nge-100 g yomkhiqizo. Inkomishi eyodwa yamafutha 1
Ebisini olunamafutha angama-3.5%:
- amaprotheni - 2,9 g;
- carbohydrate 4,7 g;
- inani lamandla - 60 Kcal;
- izinsimbi (i-sodium - 50 mg, i-potassium - 146 mg, i-calcium - 121 mg);
- amavithamini (A no-B1 - 0.02 mg, V2 - 0.13 mg, PP - 0,1 mg no-C - 0,6 mg).
Umkhiqizo uqukethe izinto ezingaphezu kwekhulu, kufaka phakathi amaprotheni, amafutha, i-lactose. Ama-amino acid enza izakhi zamaprotheni (i-lysine, methionine) ahlukaniswa ngenani lebhayoloji, i-digestibility ephezulu nokuqukethwe okulungile. Amafutha obisi anendawo encibilikayo ephansi. Ama-acid angenawo ma-asidi angena kalula emzimbeni futhi asheshe amunce umzimba, angabathwali bamavithamini (A, B, D). Azakheki emzimbeni, kepha zivela kuphela ngaphandle.
Ngokwesilinganiso sokudla okunempilo, i-lactose isesimweni esifanayo noshukela ojwayelekile, kepha incane. Isebenza njengomthombo wamandla, ilawula imisebenzi ye-microflora yamathumbu, isuse izinqubo ezikhona zokubola kuyo. I-Lactose inesibopho sokuphendula okungaphansi kokukhiqizwa kwe-kefir, iyogathi, ushizi wekhishi, ushizi, ukhilimu omuncu, i-kounto. Amagciwane abamba ubisi kushukela enza i-acid ebangela ukumuncwa komkhiqizo otholakala ezincelisayo.
Izimpawu yilezi:
- ubuhlungu be-spasmodic emgodini wesisu;
- ukwakhiwa kwegesi eningi;
- isifo sohudo esiwohloka;
- ukungahambi kahle komzimba.
I-calcium yobisi idonswa kahle kakhulu kunesinkwa, okusanhlamvu, imifino. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi umkhiqizo wobisi ubaluleke kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile abenohlobo lwe-2 i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, abesifazane abakhulelwe abakhulelwe, nezingane ezincane. Usawoti we-Metal (i-iron, ithusi, i-cobalt), oyingxenye yokwakhiwa, ubandakanyeka ekuvuseleleni amaseli wegazi. Iodine emzimbeni iyadingeka ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwezitho zohlelo lwe-endocrine.
Iresiphi Yesobho Sobisi
Lesi sidlo esinempilo futhi esingelula, esilungiselelwe kusuka kubisi lwezembuzi nakwezinkomo, singaba nsuku zonke etafuleni ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokudla kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus. Kunengqondo ukusebenzisa uhlobo 2 sikashukela sokudla kwasekuseni, isidlo sakusihlwa noma isidlo sakusihlwa.
Ukuze uthole lokhu, amagoli kolweni kufanele agezwe kahle futhi ahlanganiswe nekhambi lobisi, ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1: 3. Letha kumathumba. Kungcono ukuthulula umkhiqizo wokusanhlamvu ohlanziwe kwisisombululo sobisi esibilayo. Cwilisa kuze kuphekwe ukolweni ophekwe ngokuphelele. Usawoti uvunyelwe ekugcineni kokupheka.
Okwa-6 ukubhukelwa kwesobho uzodinga:
- ubisi - 500 g; 280 kcal;
- ukolweni okusanhlamvu - 100 g; 316 kcal.
Enhlizweni yesitsha esilula kunezinhlobo eziningi zezobho zokupheka ubisi, ngokufakwa kwemifino (ithanga elibilisiwe), ama-raspberries, ama-cherries ajikijelwe. Ama-Wheat groats angathathelwa indawo nge-oatmeal, ngesamba esingu-150 g.
Ukuphaka isobho sobisi kubalwa ngokuya amayunithi esinkwa (i-XE) kwabanesifo sikashukela ekwelapheni i-insulin, kanye namakhalori ezinye iziguli. Eyokuqala ingu-1,2 XE noma 99 Kcal. Ingxenye yesobho sobisi nge-oatmeal izoba no-0.5 XE (36 Kcal) ngaphezulu.
Inhlanganisela yokudla okungenzeka nobisi ngamajikijolo (ama-sitrobheli), ungahlobisa isiphuzo noma isobho ngamahlamvu amancane mint
Ubisi luphelele, amafutha angama-3,2%, kuvame ukufuneka. Ama-diabetes ayakhonjiswa ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ezilwane. Bavunyelwe umkhiqizo wobisi onamafutha amancane (1.5%, 2,5%).
Lapho ugcina ubisi, imithetho kufanele ibhekwe ngokuqinile. Kuyindawo enhle yokwakhiwa kwamagciwane amaningi. Imboni yobisi ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezimbili zemikhiqizo (pasteurized, inzalo). Esimweni sokuqala, amagciwane ama-pathogenic abhujiswa ukushisa. Esikhathini sesibili - kukhona inzalo ephelele yobisi. Kubhekwa njengokuphuza futhi kunempilo ende eshalofini. Igqunywa yi cocoa netiye.
Qiniseka ukuthi ubilisa umkhiqizo othengwe kubantu abazimele. Ubisi lugcinwa esiqandisini isikhathi esingangezinsuku ezi-2, ngaphandle kokuwohloka okubonakalayo kukhwalithi yesiphuzo, mhlawumbe esitsheni sengilazi bese kuvaliwe. Ukufakwa kwemboni okuvulekile kungaphansi kwenqubo yokusha ngokushesha kanye nokuwohloka.
