Igama eliyinhloko lixhumene nokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus - insulin. Ngesifo se-endocrine, kutholakala ukuntuleka kwe-hormone ekhiqizwa pancreas. Ungakuthatha kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kokumelana ne-insulin? Yini izici zenqubo yokuhlola? Yiziphi izindlela engingakwazi ukuzichaza ngokuzimela ngayo imiphumela?
Thatha ukuhlolwa kwe-insulin noma cha?
Isixazululo sombuzo weziguli ezingaba khona azilingani: ukunikela. Kubantu abasengozini, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe njalo, ngonyaka. Isifiso sabo sokugwema ukwelashwa kwe-insulin siyaqondakala, kodwa kufakazelwa ukuthi ngokushesha lapho isifo saso sonke isifo sitholakala, okuphumelela ngokwengeziwe ukwelashwa kwabo.
Ezinganeni nakubantu abasebasha, ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela kuyashesha futhi kuyabonakala. Kaningi nge-ketoacidosis (kuze kube yi-30% yazo zonke iziguli zohlobo lwe-1). Esimweni esibucayi, isizinda se-glycemic siyanda - ngaphezu kwe-15 mmol / l. Izinto ezinobuthi kanye nemikhiqizo yokuphendula kwe-metabolic metabolic inqwabelana egazini.
Izithako eziyingozi ziphazamisa ukungena kwe-glucose kumaseli bese kunciphisa inani le-insulin yemvelo emzimbeni. Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala (iphunga le-acetone elivela emlonyeni, isikhumba esomile nesimile) sokuqalwa kwe-ketoacidosis, ukulashwa esibhedlela okuphuthumayo kanye nosizo lochwepheshe kuyadingeka.
Iziguli ezineminyaka yobudala ezithatha imithamo emikhulu yama-hypoglycemic agents isikhathi eside futhi ezingabheki imiphumela yokwelashwa ebonakalayo zidluliselwa ekwelashweni kwe-insulin. Kuhlinzekwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile kweziguli zokuqala ezisengozini kanye nabanesifo sikashukela abanolwazi.
Inqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-glucose tolerance test (GTT). Ikuvumela ukuthi uthole ngaphezu kwengxenye yabantu abanesifo sikashukela esigabeni esimboziwe sesi sifo. Izazi ezingama-Endocrinologists zibiza lesi simo ngokuthi i-prediabetesic (i-latent noma i-latent).
Abantu abasengozini
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kubantu abanesifiso sokuthola isifo sikashukela, lesi sifo siyakhula, ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni ze-WHO (World Health Organisation), ngo-25-45%. Isici esiyisisekelo esinomthelela ekubonakalisweni kwe-pathology isredredity ifa.
Abandulelayo abasele cishe bahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo njengephesenti kungenzeka kwesifo sikashukela:
- izifo ezibangela ukulimala kumaseli we-pancreatic beta (pancreatitis, umdlavuza);
- igciwane, izifo zobhubhane (i-hepatitis, ingxibongo, i-rubella, umkhuhlane);
- ukukhuluphala 2 no-3 degrees;
- okuhleliwe noma okucindezelekayo okukhulu okungalindelekile.
Noma yiziphi izici zingadlala indima yesiqalo uma kwenzeka isifo.
Kusungulwe ukuthi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 mancane amathuba okuthi sizuze ifa ngohlangothi lukamama kunalowo okuzalwa nguyise. Ngenkathi isifo sohlobo lwe-2 kubo bobabili abazali singakuthinta ngendlela efanayo ukubonakala kwe-pathology ezinganeni zabo. Uhlobo olutholwayo lwesifo sikashukela luqhakanjiswa ngokufakwa kwezinto eziningana. Isibonelo, kunesisekelo sobufakazi bamacala lapho amathuba okugula nomuntu okhuluphele futhi abambe umkhuhlane afane nalawo wesiguli esindwa yifa.
Isifo sikashukela esijwayelekile nokuthi ungasithola kanjani
Uhlobo lokugcina lwesifo se-endocrine lungenzeka isikhathi eside. Kubalulekile ngesikhathi ukuze usungule ukwephulwa kokubekezelelwa kwe-glucose ngokuhlaziya ukubakhona kwe-insulin egazini. Lokhu kunikeza umuntu ithuba lokuthi aqaphele, athathe izinyathelo zokulawula umbuso nokudla. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngokubabazekayo, futhi mhlawumbe kuze kube phakade, ukuhlehlisa isigwebo sokuxilongwa.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umzimba wesifazane nazo zonke izicubu zawo zibhekana nengcindezi enkulu yomzimba. Iphasisa ukuhlolwa kwamandla namandla wesitho se-pancreas.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngoshukela nokujwayelekile kwalo emadodeniI-Neonatologists yanamuhla isungule iphethini phakathi kwezimpawu ezithile zomuntu okhulelwe nosanda kuzalwa, okubonisa ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela okulandelayo:
- i-polyhydramnios;
- ukukhuthala okukhazimulayo kwengane;
- jaundice enganeni.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, kwenziwa uhlaziyo olukhethekile lwofuzo, ngokusho ngalo onokwazi ukuthola isisungu sesifo sikashukela. Ukala izinto ezifaka isandla ekubonakalweni kwalesi sifo, odokotela abaningi bancomela abantu abasengozini yokuhoxa ekugomeni okwesibili.
Kukhonjwa umaki 1 kashukela
Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose
I-insulin yi-hormone eyinhloko elawula izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni womuntu. Ukubona umkhiqizo wayo omkhulu, inselelo yeglucose iyenziwa. Ngaphambi kwe-GTT, ukugwema ukuhlanekezela imiphumela, izifundo ezihlolwayo zikhansele ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela, ama-salicylates, ama-corticosteroids, ama-estrogens.
Lapho wenza isivivinyo, kunzima ukubheka konke, kufaka phakathi:
- izifo ezihlangene;
- imisebenzi ephazamisayo yesinye isigaba sohlelo lwe-endocrine - indlala yegilo;
- izifo ezingapheli zesibindi, izinso.
Isiguli, njengomthetho, kufanele sibe ekudleni kwakhe okujwayelekile, senze ngokomzimba okuphoqelekile okwenziwa nsuku zonke.
Nikela ngegazi kahle kufanele:
- esiswini esingenalutho
- esimweni esizolile somoya;
- esikhathini sokuphumula esithile (kusuka emahoreni ayi-10 kuye kwayi-16).
Emibhalweni ye-WHO kunqunywe ukuthi abantu abadala bavunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-glucose emthanjeni we-75 g. Ngemuva kwalokho, isampula yegazi emithathu yenziwa amahora ama-2. Isikhathi sokuqala sisesiswini esingenalutho.
Kusho ukuthini ukuhlolwa kwe-insulin? Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela "ngokungabazeki" kungenziwa ngesisekelo uma okungenani isampula eyodwa yedlula inani elijwayelekile.
Ngakho-ke, izinkomba ezilandelayo zithola uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-GTT:
- esiswini esingenalutho - 6.12 mmol / l;
- ngemuva kwehora eli-1 - 10.02 mmol / l;
- ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 - 7, 31 mmol / l.
Ukwehla kokuhlolwa kwegazi kwesisu okungenalutho
Okunye ukuhlola nezindlela zokuthola isifo sikashukela
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ekuhlolweni kwesifo sikashukela esingahle sibe yikuthola isilinganiso esivamile se-glycemic ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ukuhlolwa kubizwa ngokuthi isivivinyo se-glycosylated noma glycated hemoglobin. Isimo esivame ukubhekelwa kuso sisuka ku-5 kuye ku-7 mmol / l.
Isinyathelo sesithathu sesitatimende sokugcina sesimo sezempilo uqobo sokuhlaziywa kwe-C-peptide. Emitholampilo eminingi eholayo yokungeniswa esibhedlela nge-mellitus okusolwa ukuthi iyisifo sikashukela, kuyadingeka.
Iziguli eziningi ezisencane ezinesifo sohlobo lokuqala zaphawula ukuthi ziba nesifo sikashukela esikhathini sokuthomba. Yandulelwa yi-hypoglycemia ende (ushukela wegazi ophansi).
Kunobudlelwano obusungulwe phakathi kwembangela yalesi sifo kanye nemisebenzi eyonakele yamasosha omzimba. Ama-antibodies avela egazini, isenzo esiqondiswe ngokumelene namaseli abo emzimbeni wesiguli. Amaseli we-pancreatic beta abhujiswa.
Futhi enye inganekwane mayelana nesifo sikashukela imile. Abathandi bamaqebelengwane, amakhekhe, amaswidi, ukunambitheka kwabo kokudla okungahle kuholele ngokungaqondile kwisifo se-endocrinological, ngokusebenzisa ukukhuluphala. Akuwona amaswidi ayingozi, kepha ukudla ngokweqile ngokweqile kanye nokuntuleka komzimba.
