Isifo esinjengesifo sikashukela asitholakali kubantu kuphela, kodwa nasemakati. Kungukuhlanganiswa kolunye uhlobo lwesifo - ukulimala kumanyikwe.
Isitho siba buthaka futhi uhlelo lwayo olusebenzayo luyaphazamiseka, okuholele ekushintsheni kukhiqizwa kwama-enzymes, kanye ne-hormone ebizwa nge-insulin. Nguye olawula amazinga kashukela egazini.
Futhi, imisebenzi ye-insulin ifaka phakathi ukulawula ukulethwa kwe-glucose kuwo wonke amaseli nezicubu. Esimweni sokuphazamiseka kwe-biochemical, umzimba awukwazi ukusebenzisa ushukela njengomthombo wamandla, kanye nokulawula inani lawo elijwayelekile.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela emakati
Izinkinga ezilwaneni azijwayelekile. Izifo eziningi, njengasebantwini, ziphakama ngemuva kokuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuphila kanye nokudla.
Isifo sikashukela sikhula ngenxa yokwehla komkhiqizo wemvelo we-insulin, okuholela ekushintsheni okubukhali kwamazinga kashukela wegazi kuya phezulu.
Ingozi yalesi simo ukuthi kwephula wonke izicubu nezitho zomzimba. Ochwepheshe bakhomba izizathu eziningi eziphambili ezithinta ukwehla nokukhula kwesifo sikashukela.
Ithebula lethonya lezinto ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni wekati:
| Isizathu | Umthelela esilwaneni |
|---|---|
| Ukungondleki | Ukudla okhethwe ngokungalungile akuvumeli umzimba ukuthola izakhi zomzimba eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kukhona ukushoda kwezinye izingxenye nokwenziwa ngokweqile kwezinye, okuyisizathu sokwehluleka kwezinqubo ze-metabolic. Baholela ekunciphiseni kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo zesisu zihleliwe, ezinomphumela ongemuhle kumanyikwe, ziwohloka isimo esijwayelekile. |
| Ukuba khona kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona | Uma kwenzeka ikati linezifo zesibindi noma inyongo, kubalulekile ukuthi kumiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology ngesikhathi bese kuqala ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba ukuguquka kwalezi zifo esigabeni esingelona imbangela yokuphazamiseka okubangela isifo sikashukela. |
| Ukwalusa ngokweqile (umsoco ngokweqile) | Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ezindinganisweni zokudla kwesilwane, ngoba ukudla ngokweqile kuholela ekukhulupheni. Ngenxa yalokhu, uhlelo lwe-endocrine luyahlupheka, ukukhuluphala kwenzeka, ngenxa yokuthi zonke izitho, kubandakanya nama-pancreas, zithola umthwalo omkhulu. |
| Izici zokuzizwa | Kulokhu, ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela se-feline kuthonywa yifa. Izilwane zinenkambiso yofuzo yangaphakathi yokudala inkinga efanayo. Kungakho kudingekile ukuthi kwenziwe izivivinyo kanye nezivivinyo ngesikhathi esifanele. |
| Izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye namagciwane | Zingadala ukukhula kwezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi - i-pancreatitis ethelela kanye ne-hepatitis. Lezi zifo ziphazamisa ukusebenza kwesitho esibaluleke kakhulu kuleli cala - amanyikwe, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin nokuvusa ushukela. |
| Umuthi weHormonal | Kwezinye izimo, ngokwesibonelo, ukulungisa nokulawula indlela yokuziphatha kobulili, amakati anikezwa imithi equkethe ama-hormone. Uma ukwelashwa kwenziwa isikhathi eside, khona-ke ukuthuthukiswa kwemiphumela emibi kungenzeka, okunye kwako ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela ngokumelene nesizinda sokuphazamiseka noma ushintsho kumazinga e-hormone. Kungakho lolu hlobo lomuthi kufanele lunqunywe udokotela ngemuva kokuxilongwa. |
Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi isilwane asikutholi ukukhathazeka futhi asikho esimeni esicindezelayo isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukucabanga kwemizwa isikhathi eside ohlelweni lwezinzwa kuholela kokungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kwe-endocrine gland kanye ne-gastrointestinal, ngenxa yalokho ukukhiqizwa kokushintsha kwe-insulin nesifo sikashukela kukhula.
Izinhlobo ze-pathology
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo sikashukela kwikati. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izifo ezithinta izinqubo ze-metabolic zingadala i-pathologies yemvelo ehlukile. Kungakho izilwane, njengabantu, zingaba nezinhlobo eziningana zezifo - 1 no-2.
Izici zohlobo ngalunye:
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 sihambisana nezinguquko kumanyikwe. Ukusebenza kwaso kukhubazekile noma kuyalahleka ngokwengxenye, ngoba amangqamuzana abhekele ukwenziwa kwe-insulin ayafa. Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo lutholakala ngaphansi kwamacala angama-20%. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izinkinga zempilo kuleli cala zimbi kakhulu futhi zidinga ukwelashwa okuningilizayo okude. Izibikezeli ezingochwepheshe zenziwa ngokucophelela. Ukwelashwa kudinga ukwelashwa kwe-hormonal ngaphandle kweze mphumela ophumelelayo.
- Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo - luqala futhi lukhule ngokumelene nesizinda sokukhiqizwa okunganele kwengxenye edingekayo - i-insulin. Endabeni yokuthola lesi sifo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukufa kwamangqamuzana nezicubu akwenzeki, kodwa umsebenzi wokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin awunankinga. Ngenxa yalokhu, akwanele ukulawula ushukela wegazi. Izindlela zokwelapha azidingi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-hormonal. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kuma-80% amacala.
Futhi, abanye odokotela bezilwane baphinde bakhethe uhlobo lwesithathu lwesifo, oluhlanganisa kancane kancane izimpawu zezinhlobo ezedlule, futhi ngenxa yalokho lubizwa ngokuthi luhlanganisiwe.
Uma kwenzeka kutholakala ukuthi lolu hlobo lwalesi sifo selutholakala, kuye kuthi lapho ukufa kweseli okukhona emzimbeni (okukhona ngokuphelele) (emzimbeni), kanye nokwehla okungatheni (okungaphezulu kwama-50%) ekukhiqizeni i-insulin ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuzinzile. Imbangela yalokhu kwehluleka emaphesenti angama-70 wamacala yizifo ezithinta umsebenzi wamanyikwe (ukuvuvukala).
Izibalo
Namuhla, ochwepheshe baphawula ukwanda kwezifo zesifo sikashukela phakathi kwamakati asekhaya.
Lokhu kungenxa yezici ezilandelayo:
- ukuba khona kokudla okuphansi;
- ukukhuphula izinga lezindlela zokuxilonga ukuthola lesi sifo emabangeni okuqala.
Ngokusho kocwaningo lwezibalo olutholakele, abanikazi bamakati amabili kwayi-1000 babhekene nenkinga efanayo. Kwambulwa nephethini enjalo yokuthi amakati ahlushwa isifo sikashukela kaningi kunamakati.
Futhi, izilwane ezifuywayo ezihlatshwayo zigula kaningi kunalezo ezingazange zingene kule nqubo.
Odokotela bezilwane bathi ukugqashuka kwezifo ukukhuluphala, okuthi amakati asakazeke lapho.
Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela luhleliwe kuma-70% amacala. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo ngamaphesenti angama-50 amacala aboniswa ezilwaneni esefinyelele embundwini weminyaka engu-5 yobudala.
Ucwaningo lwezibalo lukhombisa nokuthi amakati aseBurma angamaphesenti angama-30 ukwedlula amanye ukuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela.
Izimpawu zesifo
Kuyadingeka ukunaka futhi ubonane nodokotela lapho kunezimpawu ezilandelayo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okulandelayo:
- Ukoma okwandayo - ikati livame ukuqala ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, ngoba ukugcwala kweglucose egazini kuye kwanda kakhulu. Emchamweni, kukhuphuka ushukela, ngoba uhlelo lwe-excretory alukwazi ukubhekana nale nkinga ngaphandle kosizo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umzimba uqala ukungabi namanzi (ukomisa), ngakho-ke lesi silwane sifuna ukwenza ukuntuleka kwamanzi.
- I-Polyuria - ukuchama kaningi. Lokhu futhi kungenxa yokuthi amakati adla amanzi amaningi kunokujwayelekile.
- Shintsha esimweni sokudla - kulokhu, isilwane singakhuphula noma sinciphise ukudla okudlayo.
- Shintsha isisindo somzimba ohlangothini lokwenyuka.
- Izinguquko ejokeni - liba buthuntu, ama-moult anda kungakhathalekile ukuthi isiphi isizini.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwipheshana lesisu - ukwanda kwamacala okuhudozela, ukuhlanza kwenzeka.
- Ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lwenhliziyo - tachycardia kuyaphawulwa.
- Isimo esijwayelekile esingesihle - ukwanda kokushiswa nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile besilwane, ukuqina kwezandla.
- Izinguquko kwi-gait - iba kancane, ungaqiniseki, inyakaze.
- Ukuvela kwephunga elivela emlonyeni, umchamo nesikhumba kuthola iphunga le-acetone.
Uma lesi sifo sisesigabeni esithuthukile, khona-ke ukuvezwa okulandelayo kuyangezelwa kuzimpawu:
- ukusabela okukholisayo;
- ukwehluleka
- ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
Kulokhu, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale ngokushesha, ukubhekwa kwezokwelapha kuyadingeka.
Uma isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sitholakala, khona-ke izimpawu zizoba ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- isifiso sokudla sikhuphuka, singehli;
- ukukhuluphala kwesisindo kwenzeka ngokushesha (kuze kube ukukhuluphala);
- ukuphuza kakhulu kwamanzi;
- ukuchama njalo (ngaphandle kobuhlungu);
- isimo sivamile (azikho izinguquko zangaphandle eziqashelwayo).
Umoya omubi noma umchamo awuzwakali.
Ukuxilonga
Kuyadingeka ukuthi udlule esigabeni sezindlela zokuxilonga ukuze udokotela angakwazi nje ukuthola ukuthi kukhona inkinga, kepha futhi anqume uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela futhi anikeze nokwelashwa okusebenzayo.
Ungathola imininingwane esezingeni eliphakeme kuphela uma uvakashela ihhovisi lezilwane.
Ehlelweni lokuxilonga kuyasetshenziswa:
- izifundo zemitholampilo (kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle ukuveza isithombe esijwayelekile sesimo);
- izindlela zaselebhu (ukuthatha igazi nokuhlolwa komchamo).
Ukwenza ucwaningo ngoketshezi olutholakala ezilwaneni, ungathola ukuthi liphezulu kangakanani ushukela. Ngaphezu kokunquma izinga le-glucose, kuhlolwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile, okuzosiza ukwazi isimo somzimba wonke.
Ukuhlaziya okwengeziwe nezifundo:
- ukuzimisela kwezinga lokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin;
- ibhalansi yenkomba ye-acid-base.
Zonke izivivinyo nokuhlolwa kuyadingeka ukuba kuthathwe esiswini esingenalutho. Phakathi kwezincomo ezikhishwe ngudokotela okokuqala, kuzobhekwa ukuthi kungakanani uketshezi lwesilwane olungalusebenzisa phakathi nosuku.
I-Ultra eyengeziwe ye-pancreas iyenziwa - le nqubo ikuvumela ukuthi unqume izinga lomonakalo kulo. Futhi, inhliziyo, isibindi nazo zonke izitho zomgudu wokugaya umzimba kuyahlolwa.
Isifundo sevidiyo sokuthatha igazi ukuze sihlaziywe ikati nokulimala okwalandela kwe-insulin:
Ukwelashwa kanye nezinkinga ezingenzeka
Ukwelapha amakati kuya ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Esimweni sokuxilongwa sohlobo lokuqala, imijovo ye-insulin iyimpoqo. Uma isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili sitholakele, khona-ke la mahomoni angathathelwa indawo yimithi ekhethekile eyehlisa amazinga eglucose. I-insulin nayo ingabekwa, kepha umphumela wayo uzoba maphakathi noma ubude.
Kusetshenziswa amaphilisi akhethekile ukwehlisa okuqukethwe ushukela wesilwane. Banqunywe uma kutholwa uhlobo lwesibili, noma oluhlanganisiwe lwalesi sifo. Izidakamizwa azigcini nje ngokuqinisa amazinga kashukela, kodwa futhi zithuthukisa izinkomba zesimo jikelele.
Ngaphambi kokubeka imijovo ye-insulin, odokotela bathatha izilinganiso ezikhethekile zokuthola izinguquko emazingeni kashukela uma inani elilodwa noma elinye le-hormone lifakwe egazini. Izifundo zokuziphatha kahle zidinga ukubonwa amahora angama-24. Ngenqubo, udokotela wezilwane ubeka isikhathi, ubude besikhathi, namandla okuchayeka ku-insulin. Kungemva kwalokho kuphela lapho eba nesheduli efanelekile yokuphatha umuthi.
Ividiyo ephathelene nesifo sikashukela esilwaneni:
Kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, ngoba lesi sifo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi luhlobo luni, olungadala ukukhula kwezinkinga eziningi. Ukhuphuka ushukela wegazi kuthinta kabi zonke izinhlelo nezitho zesilwane, unomthwalo owengeziwe kuzo, ukhulisa amathuba okuthi usebenze kahle noma wehluleke ngokuphelele.
I-Hypoglycemia ne-hypokalemia
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinkinga ezingenakushaywa indiva. Isibonelo, i-hypoglycemia iyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi esisongela impilo yezilwane, esibonakaliswa ukwehla okunamandla futhi kukhulunywe ngakho kokuqukethwe ushukela. Ku-75%, lezi zinkomba zifinyelela amamaki abucayi - ngaphansi kuka-3.3 mmol / L.
Ukuqalwa okufanayo kufinyelela ngemuva kwesizinda samazinga aphezulu we-insulin.
Izimpawu
- ukukhathazeka okukhulayo nokuthakasa;
- ukuba khona kokuthuthumela kwemisipha;
- ukuxhumanisa okungalungile;
- ukhathala nobuthongo;
- ukwehluleka (kufaka phakathi isikhathi eside).
Kwesinye isikhathi ukulahlekelwa ukwazi kuyaphawulwa. Uma izinyathelo zokwelashwa zingathathwanga, lapho kungenzeka ukuthi ikati likhula kakhulu linokuqaqamba kwe-hypoglycemic. Kuyaphuthuma ukwandisa amazinga kashukela egazini ukuze uzinze isimo.
Uhlobo lokuxakeka lapho i-potassium incipha khona ngenxa yokuchama kaningi, kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa emzimbeni ngemuva kokujova kwe-insulin, ibizwa nge- hypokalemia.
Izimpawu ongasibona ngazo lesi sifo ekhaya:
- ukuhlanza
- isifo sohudo
- ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo.
Kudingeka usizo lochwepheshe oluphuthumayo ukusindisa impilo yesilwane.
I-ketoacidosis ne-neuropathy
Esinye isimo esingesihle esidalwa yilesi sifo yi-ketoacidosis. Ukuxakaniseka yisimo esingesihle esibonakala siphikisana nesizinda sokwanda ushukela wegazi emakati.
Isici - ukwanda okukhulu kokuqukethwe kwezidumbu ze-ketone (umphumela wokuwohloka kwamafutha). Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko iphunga le-acetone, ukoma okhuphukayo. Kukhona nokushoda komoya kanye nokwephulwa komsebenzi wenhliziyo. Ukunakekelwa kwezilwane kuyadingeka ngokushesha, ngoba i-insulin kanye ne-infusion therapy yenziwa.
Phakathi kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela, i-neuropathy nayo iyaphawulwa. Kunganqunywa ngokubonakala kwesilwane, ngoba iziphetho zezinzwa zithintekile. Imilenze yangemuva iya buthaka, ngenxa yokuthi kuqashelwa igait engaqinisekile, kulokhu, amakati awahambisi iminwe yekati.
Inkulumo yevidiyo yesifo sikashukela ezilwaneni:
Ukulawulwa kwe-glucose
Ukuze ukhiqize ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, kuyadingeka ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo ngesikhathi esifanele. Ekhaya, izinqubo ezinjalo zingenziwa kusetshenziswa imicu yokuhlola.
Indlela ngqo yokulawula iyi-glucometer ekhethekile yezilwane, esetshenziswa ezimweni zobunzima nasenkambisweni enzima yesifo.
Ukudla okunempilo kungenye yezindlela zokugcina impilo efanelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, dala ukudla okunothe ngamaprotheni amaningi. Ukunakwa ikakhulukazi kufanele kukhokhwe ku-fiber.
Ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda i-carbohydrate kudingekile impela. Inani lokudla kwesilwane kungu-5 noma u-6 ngosuku. Ukuphakelwa kwemithi okhethekile kungabekwa ngohlelo lokudla komuntu ngamunye.
