Uma ngo-1980 bekukhona abaguli abayizigidi eziyi-153 abanesifo sikashukela emhlabeni, khona-ke ngasekupheleni kuka-2015 isibalo sabo senyuka izikhathi ezingama-2.7 futhi safinyelela kwizigidi ezingama-415.
Kungashiwo ngokuphephile ukuthi isifo sikashukela siyisifo sangekhulu lama-21, okufakazelwa izibalo ezidumaza ngokuphelele. Imininingwane ye-WHO ikhombisa ukuthi njalo ngemizuzwana engu-7 iziguli ezimbili ziyatholakala kanti isiguli esisodwa siyafa ngenxa yezinkinga zalesi sifo. Ososayensi bathi ngo-2030, isifo sikashukela sizoba imbangela ehamba phambili yokufa.
Emazweni athuthukile namuhla, cishe u-12% wabantu uyahlupheka, futhi lesi sibalo sizonyuka minyaka yonke. Isibonelo, e-United States eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule, inani leziguli seliphindeke kabili. Futhi izindleko zokwelashwa, izinzuzo zomphakathi, ukulaliswa ezibhedlela zeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-250 zamaRandi.
Isifo sikashukela asisindanga eRussia. Kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba, kuthatha indawo yesi-5 ngenani labantu abanalesi sifo. IChina kuphela, ebalwa okokuqala, i-India, i-USA neBrazil, eyayiphambi kwayo. E-Russia, inani leziguli ezinesifo sikashukela liyakhula ngokuqinile, yize iqiniso lokuthi uhhafu wabantu abatholakali. Esikhathini sikashukela, i-genemiology namanje ingaqondakali kahle.
I-epidemiology yesifo sikashukela i-mellitus ithatha ukuziqhenya kwendawo phakathi kwezifo ze-oncological and zenhliziyo. Abantu abaningi bafa kuye unyaka nonyaka, futhi isibalo esikhudlwana sifunda ngalokhu kutholwa. Isibindi nokukhuluphala yizingozi ezimbili eziyinhloko zalesi sifo. Ukudla okungalungile. Isibonelo, ukudla ngokweqile ukudla okuningi okumnandi noma okunamafutha kungaphazamisa ama-pancreas. Ekugcineni, lokhu kuzoholela ekwakhiweni kwesifo esiyinkimbinkimbi njengesifo sikashukela.
Izici Zobungozi kanye Ne-Diagnostics
Ngeshwa, wonke umuntu angaba sengozini. Kulaba, cishe i-90% yabantu inesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphandle kokwazi ngakho. Ngokungafani nohlobo loku-1, lapho iziguli zincike kuma-insulin, isifo sohlobo 2 - olungaxhomekeki kwe-insulin, cishe asymptomatic.
Kepha, noma ezizwa emuhle, umuntu kumele angakhohlwa ngengozi yesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele abonane nodokotela ngokuzimele futhi enze ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola izinga le-glucose.
Izici eziyingozi ezinkulu yilezi:
- ifa;
- ukukhulelwa
- ukukhuluphala
- ukuzalwa okunesisindo somzimba esingaphezu kwama-4,5 kg;
- ukucindezelwa okungokomzwelo;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- isifo sokuqina kwemizwa kanye nezinkinga zaso;
- hyperlipidemia;
- hyperinsulinemia.
Kufanele wazi ukuthi ushukela wegazi ophakeme uholela ekubhujisweni kwezindonga zemithambo emehlweni, emilenzeni, ezinso, ebuchosheni nasenhlizweni. Namuhla, ubumpumputhe, ukwehluleka kwezinso kanye nokuqanjwa okuthiwa okungelona usizi kusenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yesifo sikashukela. Odokotela batusa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuthola amazinga kashukela.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-45 nangabakhulu abakhuluphele.
Izimpawu zokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo
Kaningi, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela aziqapheli noma zingazinaki izimpawu zokuqala. Kodwa uma okungenani izimpawu ezimbalwa ezilandelayo zibonwa, kuyadingeka ukukhalisa i-alamu. Uphuthuma kudingeka uye kudokotela futhi uhlaziye izinga le-glucose esegazini.
Okujwayelekile kubhekwa njengesinkomba kusuka ku-3.3 kuye ku-5.5 mmol / L. Ukudlula lokhu kujwayelekile kukhombisa ukuthi isiguli sinesifo sikashukela.
Lokhu okulandelayo yizimpawu ezijwayelekile zesifo.
- Isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sivame ukuzwa ukoma okungenakuqhathaniswa futhi sikhononda ngokuchama kaningi.
- Yize abanesifo sikashukela begcina ukudla okuhle, ukunciphisa umzimba kwenzeka.
- Ukukhathala, ukukhathala okungapheli, isiyezi, ukusindeka emilenzeni kanye nokushiswa ngokujwayelekile yizimpawu zesifo sikashukela.
- Umsebenzi wezocansi kanye ne-potency kuyancishiswa.
- Ukuphola okubabayo kuhamba kancane.
- Imvamisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba lesifo sikashukela lingaphansi kwenkomba ejwayelekile - 36.6-36.7C.
- Isiguli singakhalaza ngokuxineka nokukhubazeka emilenzeni, kwesinye isikhathi kugoqeke emisipha yethole.
- Inkambo yezifo ezithathelwanayo, noma ingelashwa ngesikhathi, yinde.
- Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zikhala ngokukhinyabezeka okubukwayo.
Amahlaya amabi nalesi sifo, ngenxa yalokho, lapho uzibonile izimpawu ezinjalo kuwe, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
I-Insulin - Umlando kanye nokusebenza
Ngo-1922, kwatholakala i-insulin futhi yaqala ukwenziwa kubantu, lokhu kuhlolwa akuphumelelanga ngokuphelele: i-insulin ayihlanzwa kahle futhi yabangela ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba. Ngemuva kwalokhu, izifundo zayekwa isikhashana. Kwenziwa kusuka kumanyikwe yezinja nezingulube.
Ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo bufunde ukukhiqiza i-insulin "yomuntu". Lapho i-insulin idluliselwa esigulini, umphumela ongaba khona kungenzeka - i-hypoglycemia, lapho izinga likashukela wegazi liyehla bese liba ngaphansi kunokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokujova, isiguli kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sibe nocezu kashukela, uswidi, uju, ngokuvamile, okuthile okungakhuphula ngokushesha amazinga eglucose.
I-insulin engachazwanga futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukusabela komzimba konke kuhambile. I-insulin yesimanje empeleni ayibangeli mizi futhi iphephe ngokuphelele.
Esikhathini sokuqala kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, umzimba womuntu ungakhiqiza ingxenye ye-insulin, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo semijovo ekhethekile. Kulokhu, kwanele ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezikhuthaza ukwenziwa kwe-insulin. Ngeshwa, ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10-12 yesifo, umuntu kufanele ashintshe ukujova nge-insulin. Kaningi, abantu bahlushwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 futhi abazi ngaso, futhi ngemuva kokuxilongwa baphoqelelwa ukuthi bafake ngokushesha i-insulin.
Ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ezinganeni kuyinto evame ukwenziwa, ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi isifo sobusha. Lolu hlobo lwesifo lutholakala ku-15% wabanesifo sikashukela. Uma isiguli sohlobo 1 singangenwa yi-insulin, sizokufa.
Namuhla, imijovo yemijovo kanye ne-insulin kuyindlela ethembekile nephephile yokwelapha isifo sikashukela.
Ukugcina impilo esebenzayo nenempilo, ukulandela indlela efanele yokudla, kanye nokuzilawula ngokwakho kuyisihluthulelo sempi esiyimpumelelo yokulwa nalesi sifo.
Ukuvimbela Izifo
Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho bezwa ukutholakala kwalolu hlobo, abanesifo sikashukela abaningi bayacasuka bese beqala isifo. Ekuqondeni kwabo, isifo sikashukela yisifo esingalapheki, ngakho-ke yini iphuzu lokulwa nakho? Kepha ungapheli amandla, ngoba lesi akusona isigwebo. Isifo sikashukela siyagula kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, ngakho bafunda ukubhekana naso eRussia nase-Ukraine, kanye naseJalimane, e-USA, eFrance, eTurkey.
Ngokutholwa kwesifo ngalesi sikhathi, ukwelashwa okufanele, ukudla, abanesifo sikashukela nabo baphila njengabantu abajwayelekile. Kukholelwa ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela baphila kakhulu kunabantu abaphilile. Lokhu kungachazwa ukuthi banomthwalo wemfanelo futhi banaka impilo yabo, ngokwesibonelo, babheka ushukela wegazi, cholesterol, hlola umfutho wegazi nezinye izinkomba eziningi ezibalulekile.
Ngaphandle kokuthi noma ngubani angaba nesifo sikashukela, unganciphisa amathuba okuba khona kwawo ngokulandela izincomo ezilandelayo:
- Ukugcina isisindo somzimba esijwayelekile Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungakwazi ukubala inkomba yesisindo somzimba njengokukalwa kwesisindo (kg) kuya kubude (m). Uma ngabe le nkomba ingaphezu kwama-30, khona-ke kunenkinga eyeqile ngokweqile edinga ukulungiswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwenza izivivinyo zomzimba hhayi ukudla ngokweqile. Amaswidi, amafutha ezilwane kufanele angafakwa ekudleni, kanti okuphambene nalokho kudla izithelo nemifino ethe xaxa.
- Ukulandela indlela yokuphila esebenzayo. Uma ungenaso isikhathi sokuzivocavoca umzimba futhi wenze umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca ngesifo sikashukela, okungenani ukuhamba imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku kwanele.
- Musa ukuzindla futhi ungasisebenzisi lesi sifo ngokwakho, uma kunesidingo, bonana nodokotela ngesikhathi bese ulandela zonke izincomo zakhe
- Yenqaba ukubhema nje okusebenzayo futhi okusebenzayo;
- Noma kungekho zimpawu ezijwayelekile, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okungenani kanye ngonyaka akusoze kwalimaza, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu eneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40 ubudala.
- Yenza ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol kanye ngonyaka, uma umphumela ungaphezu kuka-5 mmol / l, ngokushesha thintana nodokotela wakho.
- Bukela umfutho wegazi lakho.
Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela noma ne-endocrinologist ngokushesha.
Uma unesifo sikashukela, ungangehli izandla. Izindlela zanamuhla zokwelashwa kwalo zikuvumela ukuthi uphile ngokugcwele nabantu abanempilo.
Esikhathini sikashukela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela ukudla okuyisipesheli futhi ubheke njalo ukuthi isisindo esingeqile asibonakali. Futhi, ungakhohlwa mayelana nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuhlala njalo okudingeka kuthathwe njalo. Yebo, vele, khumbula njalo ukuthi noma yisiphi isifo singcono ukusivimba kunokulapha kamuva.
Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, kunikezwa izisekelo eziyisisekelo zokuxilonga lesi sifo nezimpawu eziphambili.
