Imihlahlandlela yemitholampilo yokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sitholakala kakhulu ebuntwaneni futhi siba sesesibili ekujuleni kwamacala phakathi kwezifo ezingalapheki zezingane.

Le ndlela yokuzalwa futhi engenakuphikwa ibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-carbohydrate metabolism futhi ibonakala ngokwanda kokuxineka koshukela kwiplasma yegazi.

Impilo yesiguli esincane kanye namathuba okuthi ube nezinkinga ezinkulu kuncike ekuxilongeni nasekwelashweni okufika ngesikhathi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo

I-pathogenesis yalesi sifo inobunzima bokufakwa kweglue kumaseli wezitho zomzimba, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kwayo egazini. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokwakheka okunganele kwe-insulin noma lapho ama-receptor amaselula elahlekelwa ukuzwela kwawo ku-hormone.

Ngokusekelwe kokungafani kwendlela yokwakhiwa kwalesi sifo, isifo sikashukela sehlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi:

1. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 yisifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin. Ukhula njengomphumela wokubhujiswa kwezicubu ze-pancreatic ezibhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Ngenxa yalokhu, kukhiqizwa inani elinganele le-hormone futhi izinga likashukela kuplasma wegazi liqala ukwanda. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala yisifo esizalwa naso futhi sitholakala kakhulu ezinganeni nasentsheni kusukela kuzalwa kuya eminyakeni eyi-12.
2. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siyindlela yokuzimela ye-insulin. Kulokhu, akukho ukuntuleka kwe-insulin, kodwa amangqamuzana aba ngama-hormone futhi ukufakwa kweglue izicubu kunzima. Kuholela futhi ekukhuleni ushukela emzimbeni. Uhlobo 2 sikashukela ebuntwaneni alutholakali futhi lukhula impilo yonke. Iziguli ezindala ezingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 kuya kwengxenye zingatholwa yilesi sifo.

I-Pathology ihlukaniswa ngokobunzima benkambo:

• I-1 degree - ifomu elithambile elinesizinzi sikashukela seplasma esingeqi ku-8 mmol / l;
• I-2 degree - isimo esilinganiselwe ngokushintshwa kwe-glucose phakathi nosuku kanye nokuhlushwa okufika ku-14 mmol / l;
• Ibanga 3 - ifomu elinzima ngokwenyuka kwamazinga kashukela ngaphezulu kwe-14 mmol / L.

Ekuphenduleni ekwelashweni, isifo sikashukela sehluka ngezigaba:

• isigaba sesinxephezelo - ngokumelene nesizinda sokwelashwa, izinkomba zikashukela zigcinwa ezingeni lezindlela ezivumelekile;
• isigaba sokuncipha - ukweqisa kancane kwe-glucose ngenxa yokwelashwa;
• isigaba sokubuyiswa - umzimba awuphenduli ekwelashweni okuqhubekayo futhi amanani kashukela adlulwa kakhulu.

Izimbangela ze-pathology

I-etiology yalesi sifo iyahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-pathology.

Ngakho-ke, izizathu ezivusa ukuthuthukiswa kwefomu elincike ku-insulin lifaka:

• i-pathology ye-pancreas;
• ukucindezela isikhathi eside
• ukondla okwenziwe ngamakhanda ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa;
• izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane;
• ubuthi obunzima ngezinto ezinobuthi;
• ukungasebenzi kahle kanyikwe.

Uhlobo 2 sikashukela luvela ngenxa yalezo zinto:

• isakhi sofuzo;
• amazinga ahlukahlukene okukhuluphala;
• ukukhulelwa kokuqala
• impilo yokuhlala;
• izinkinga zokudla;
• ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezinama-hormone;
• ukuthomba;
• izifo zesistimu ye-endocrine.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni akunakuvinjwa, njengoba kungenziwa kubantu abadala, ngaphandle kwezici ezingavusa ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism empilweni.

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni

Umtholampilo we-pathology osanda kuzalwa ubonakala ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukunciphisa umzimba okungacaciswanga;
• ukuchama kaningi nokukhipha inani elikhulu lomchamo;
• ukoma okukhulu;
• umchamo okhanyayo nobonakalayo;
• isifiso esiphakeme;
• ukuthambekela kokuphaphaza ukubukeka nokuqhuma kwe-abscess;
• ukuvela kwezindawo zesitashi ezingutsheni zangaphansi nezidokodweni;
• isifo sezinsini;
• ubuqili kanye nokudabuka;
• ukuthikamezeka okukhulu kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo.

Eminyakeni yobudala, unganaka izimpawu ezinjalo:

• ukukhathala;
• ukungasebenzi kahle nokusebenza kwesikole;
• kwehlise i-acuity ebonakalayo;
• ukulala isikhathi sasemini kanye nokuqwasha;
• isikhumba esomile nolwelwesi lomlomo lwama-mucous;
• ukubonakala kokuzwa kokulunywa;
• ukukhuphuka kokujuluka;
• isisindo somzimba;
• ukungahambi kahle;
• ukuthambekela kokutheleleka ngegciwane kanye namagciwane.

Ukuqapha ngokucophelela ingane kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone ngesikhathi esifanele izimpawu zokuqala ezethusayo futhi uxilonge lesi sifo emabangeni okuqala okwakheka. Ukwelashwa okufanele ngesikhathi esifanele kuzosiza ukuvimba ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga futhi kuqhubeke nokuphila kahle kwesiguli esincane.

Ividiyo evela kuDkt Komarovsky mayelana nezimbangela nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela:

Izinkinga

Ukuqina okukhuphukile koshukela egazini kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinkinga ezinzima futhi ezingalapheki. Imiphumela emibi yenziwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngisho namahora, futhi kulokhu, usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo luyadingeka, ngaphandle kwalokho ingozi yokufa iyanda.

Lezi zinkinga zibandakanya lezi zimo ezilandelayo zokugula:

1. I-Hyperglycemia - kwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda okubukhali kwamazinga kashukela. Ukuchama okusheshayo nokoma okunganqunyelwe kuyabonakala. Ingane iba sibabayo futhi ibe nomunyu. Kukhona ukuhlaselwa kokuhlanza, ubuthakathaka buyakhula. Ingane ikhala ngekhanda. Ngokuzayo, i-pulse iyavuselela futhi ingcindezi ikhuphuke. Uma usizo lunganikezwa ngesikhathi, bese kuba isimo esimnandi, khona-ke ukulahleka kokuqwashisa bese kwenzeka ukukhululeka.
2. I-ketoacidotic coma yisimo esiyingozi, esihambisana nokuncipha kwengcindezi nobuhlungu besisu. Ubuso bengane bujika bube bomvu, ulimi lube luhlaza bese limbozwa ngengubo emhlophe emhlophe. Kuvela iphunga le-acetone elivela emlonyeni, futhi ingane iba buthaka ngokushesha. Inkulumo inzima, kuvela umoya ophefumulayo. Ukuqwashisa kuba ngamafu futhi kufiphale.
3. I-Hypoglycemic coma - Ukwehla okukhulu koshukela we-plasma iba imbangela ye-hypoglycemia. Isimo semizwa sengane asizinzi. Uba nokubabulala futhi abulale, bese ejabule kakhulu. Umuzwa wendlala nokoma uyanda. Isikhumba siba manzi, abafundi bayancipha, ubuthakathaka buyakha. Lesi simo singamiswa ngokunikeza isiguli ujusi omnandi noma ucezu lukashokholethi bese ushayela i-ambulense ngokuphuthumayo, uma kungenjalo kuzothuthukiswa yisimo esihle futhi ingane ilahlekelwe ukwazi.

Amazinga weglucose aphezulu aguqula ukwakheka kwezakhiwo negazi futhi abangele ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi. Njengomphumela wokubulawa yindlala komoya-mpilo, amasistimu angaphakathi omzimba ayathinteka namandla okusebenza kwezitho ancipha.

Ushintsho olunjalo lwe-pathological luba khona isikhathi eside, kepha alunazo izingqinamba ezinobungozi ukwedlula ukuqina.

Imvamisa ngokumelana nesizinda sikashukela, izifo ezilandelayo ziyakhiwa:

1. I-Nephropathy ukulimala kwezinso okunzima okuholela ekukhuleni kwehluleke kwe-renal. Ukuhlangana okuyingozi okusongela impilo yesiguli futhi kudinga ukufakelwa kwesitho esithintekile.
2. Encephalopathy - kuhambisana nokuqina kwemizwelo futhi ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwengqondo.
3. I-Ophthalmopathy - ibangela ukulimala kwemiphetho yezinzwa nemithambo yegazi yamehlo, okucasulayo ukubanga, ukubekezela, ukuthikamezeka okubukwayo. Ingozi enkulu ukuthi kungenzeka okukhulu kokuphanjaniswa kwe-retinal, okuzoholela ekungaboni.
4. I-Arthropathy - ngenxa yokuphindaphindeka, ukuhamba kwamalunga akuchaphazeki futhi kuvela isifo sezinhlungu.
5. I-Neuropathy - kulokhu, uhlelo lwezinzwa luhlupheka. Ubuhlungu nokukhubazeka emilenzeni, ukuncipha kokuzwela kwezingalo kungabonakala. Ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yokudla kanye nenhliziyo kuyenzeka.

Amathuba ezinkinga nobunzima bemiphumela kuncike ekutheni isifo sikashukela siphathwa yini nokuthi kukhethwe kanjani ukwelashwa. Kungcono ukuthi ushukela owedlulele emzimbeni unxephezelwe, maningi amathuba okuthi anciphise ukulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi futhi kuvikeleke ukukhula komzimba.

Ukuxilonga

Inqubo yokuhlengisa ibaluleke kakhulu kwizigaba zokuqala zokuthola isifo sikashukela ezinganeni.

Umhlengikazi usiza ekuqoqeni imininingwane edingekayo ukudala isithombe esicacile sezimbangela zesifo, ubamba iqhaza ekulungiseleleni isiguli esincane izivivinyo zaselebhu kanye nezinsizakalo, futhi sinikeze ukunakekelwa kwabahlengikazi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa esibhedlela nasekhaya.

Umhlengikazi uthola kusuka kubazali mayelana nokugula okukhona kanye nokwedlule kwengane, mayelana nokuba khona kwesifo sikashukela okukuyo kubo noma okulandelayo. Ufunda ngezikhalazo, izici zezinto ezenzeka nsuku zonke zengane kanye nokudla kwayo. Ihlola umzimba wesiguli, ihlole isimo sesikhumba nezinsini, ikala ingcindezi kanye nesisindo.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza izivivinyo zokuxilonga:

1. Ukuhlaziywa komtholampilo okujwayelekile komchamo negazi.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngoshukela. Ukudlula okungama-5.5 mmol / L kuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesifo.
3. Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose. Kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubili, esiswini esingenalutho kanye namahora ambalwa ngemuva kokuba isiguli sinikezwe ikhambi le-glucose. Amazinga kashukela angaphezu kuka-11 mmol / L akhombisa isifo sikashukela.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-insulin ne-glycosylated hemoglobin. Izinga eliphakeme le-insulin libonisa ukuqhamuka kwezinhlobo ezi-2 zesifo.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound kwama-pancreas. Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole isimo sesitho bese uthola izindawo ezonakalisiwe zesikhumba.

Ukuba khona kwama-antibodies ku-insulin, i-tyrosine phosphatase noma i-glutamate decarboxylase egazini kuhlangene nedatha ekubhujisweni kwama-pancreas kuqinisekisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela.

Izindlela zokwelapha

Ukunconywa kwemitholampilo kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni kuya ngohlobo lwesifo esitholakele.

Amaphoyinti abalulekile wokwelashwa yile:

• ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa;
• ukudla kokudla;
• ukwanda kokuzivocavoca umzimba;
• ukwelashwa ngomzimba.

Nge-Type 1 pathology, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuyisisekelo sokwelashwa. Ukufakwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba nge-insulin noma ipompo. Isikhumba sihlanzwa kwangaphambili ngamalungiselelo aqukethe utshwala.

Ihomoni kufanele iphathwe kancane futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi kushintshwe indawo yomjovo, kugwemeke ukungena endaweni efanayo yomzimba.

Ukufakwa kungenziwa emgoqweni wesisu, isambulela, ethangeni, engaphambili kanye nasemahlombe.

Udokotela ubala umthamo nenombolo yemijovo yansuku zonke, futhi uhlelo lokuphathwa kwe-insulin kumele lubhekwe ngokuqinile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa ezinjalo zingabekwa:

• ama-ejenti okwehlisa ushukela;
• ama-anabolic steroid;
• izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antibacterial;
• ingcindezi yokunciphisa izingcindezi;
• amalungiselelo e-sulfonylurea;
• yinkimbinkimbi yamavithamini.

Kwenziwa izinqubo zomzimba:

• i-electrophoresis;
• i-acupuncture;
• i-magnetotherapy;
• ukuvusa kagesi;
• ukubhucungwa.

Ukuhambisana nokudla kuyimfuneko empilweni yesiguli esincane.

Izimiso eziphambili zokudla yilezi ezilandelayo:

• ukudla ezintathu eziphambili kanye nemililo emithathu nsuku zonke;
• ama-carbohydrate amaningi avela engxenyeni yokuqala yosuku;
• qeda ngokuphelele ushukela bese ubuyisela esikhundleni sosomnandi bemvelo;
• yenqaba ukudla ukudla okugcwele ama-carbohydrate asheshayo, amaswidi nokudla okunamafutha;
• susa ama-khekhe nezimpahla ezibhakiwe kufulawa kakolweni ekudleni;
• nciphisa ukudla kwakho kwezithelo ezinhle;
• ukwethula imifino emisha, imifino, amawolintshi nezithelo ezingafakwanga ekudleni;
• buyisela isinkwa esimhlophe nge-rye noma ufulawa wokusanhlamvu okuphelele;
• inyama, inhlanzi nemikhiqizo yobisi kufanele kube ngaphansi kumanoni;
• khawulela usawoti, izinongo nezinongo ezishisayo ekudleni;
• phuza nsuku zonke isilinganiselo samanzi ahlanzekile adingekayo ekugcineni ibhalansi yamanzi, ngesilinganiso sama-30 ml ngekhilogremu ngalinye lesisindo.

Ukudla okunempilo kufanele kube yindlela yokuphila futhi kuzodingeka ukukunamathela njalo. Ingane esikhulile idinga ukuqeqeshwa emakhono okubala i-XE (amayunithi esinkwa) kanye nokuphatha ipeni le-insulin noma ipeni yesirinji.

Kulesi simo kuphela, ungaligcina ngempumelelo ushukela owamukelekayo ku-plasma yegazi futhi ubeke inhlala-kahle yengane.

Ividiyo evela kumama wengane enesifo sikashukela:

Isimo sezulu nokuvikela

Yini engenziwa ukuvikela isifo sikashukela? Ngeshwa, cishe akukho lutho uma lesi sifo sibangelwa ufuzo.

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuvimbela, ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuzonciphisa kuphela ingozi, okungukuthi, ukunciphisa amathuba wokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine futhi kuvikele ingane kulesi sifo:

• vikela ingane ezimweni ezicindezelayo;
• ukuthatha noma imuphi umuthi, ikakhulukazi ama-hormone, kufanele kunqunywe ngudokotela kuphela;
• osanda kuzalwa kufanele anceliswe isifuba;
• izingane ezindadlana kufanele zilandele imigomo yokudla okufanele, hhayi ukusebenzisa kabi amaswidi kanye namakhekhe;
• qapha isisindo sengane, uvikele ukukhula kokukhuluphala;
• bhala isivivinyo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha;
• phatha izifo ezibangelwa ukuvuvukala nokutheleleka ngesikhathi;
• ukuhlinzeka nsuku zonke imisebenzi eyenziwe ngokomzimba.

Ngabe isifo sikashukela singalapheka? Ngeshwa, lesi sifo aselapheki. Ngo-2 isifo sikashukela, ukuxolelwa isikhathi eside kungenzeka

Ukuhambisana nazo zonke izincomo zikadokotela kanye nesimo esihle sengqondo kuvumela ingane yesifo sikashukela ukuhola impilo ejwayelekile, ikhule, ithuthukise, ifunde futhi empeleni ayihlukile kontanga yayo.