Ukuqapha impilo yakho, udinga ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40, uhlu lokuhlolwa okuphoqelekile luhlanganisa izinkomba ze-biochemical, ikakhulukazi, i-cholesterol (cholesterol). Kuyini futhi kukhonjiswa kanjani inkomba ekuhlolweni kwegazi?
Kungani ukuhlaziya kudingekile?
Abaningi abanegama elithi "cholesterol" basho into enobungozi emzimbeni. Eqinisweni, i-cholesterol ikhona kumaseli futhi ibandakanyeka ezinqubweni ezibalulekile. Kwezokwelapha, izindinganiso zokuqukethwe kwalo ezisegazini zinqunywa.
Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukusebenza nokuvikela ukwehla noma ukwanda. Odokotela batusa ukubheka i-cholesterol kanye njalo eminyakeni emihlanu, nangemva kweminyaka engama-40 - kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
Ukuhlaziywa kuchazwe ngamacala amaningi:
- ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile;
- ekuhlolweni kwe-dispensary;
- ekubonakalweni kwe-pathologies yesibindi;
- nesifo sikashukela;
- ukulawula amandla e-cholesterol ekwelashweni kwezidakamizwa;
- ekutholakaleni kwezifo ze-yegilo;
- ukuthola isifo sokuvimbela i-lipid barriers;
- ukutholakala kwe-atherosulinosis;
- ekuhloleni ubungozi bokushaywa yimizwa nokushaywa yinhliziyo.
Ocwaningweni, i-cholesterol ephelele iyanqunywa, kanye ne-LDL, HDL kanye nesilinganiso sabo. Iphrofayili ye-lipid iyadingeka ukuthola isithombe esiphelele sesimo sempilo sesiguli.
Ama-density lipoproteins aphansi (LDL), abizwa nangokuthi cholesterol embi, ayingozi. Ayisebenzi ngokuphelele futhi yakha izingqwembe emikhunjini. Amanani akhuphukayo andisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, isifo sokuqina kwemizwa kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
Ama-high density lipoproteins (HDL), ngamanye amazwi, i-cholesterol enenzuzo, idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba. Baqeda i-cholesterol eyingozi, bakhuthaza ukumuncwa kwama-vithamini ancibilikisa amafutha, bavikele ukwakheka kwama-plaque, futhi bahlanganyele ekwenziweni kwama-hormone.
I-cholesterol ephelele inezinkomba ezimbili ezedlule. Ukuncishiswa kungakhuluma ngezinkinga ze-lipid metabolic, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, okuphezulu - ngezingozi ze-atherosulinosis nesifo sikashukela.
Imininingwane yezempilo enembile kakhulu inganikeza iphrofayili ye-lipid. Ikuvumela ukuthi ukhombe isifo futhi ukhombe ubungozi obukhona.
Ukwakheka kwephrofayili ye-lipid kufaka i-cholesterol (okujwayelekile, okubi, okuhle), i-coeffnty ye-atherogenicity ne-triglycerides.
I-Atherogenicity Index (IA) yingxenye ye-cholesterol ephelele ene-HDL ne-LDL.
Isikhombi sihlaziya isimo se-fat metabolism futhi sikhombisa ubungozi obukhona be-pathology ye-inhliziyo, i-atherosclerosis, futhi idlala indima ekunqumeni izifo zesibindi ne-thyroid. Ngosizo lwe-IA, amandla okushintshwa kwe-cholesterol ngesikhathi sokwelashwa izidakamizwa alawulwa.
Ama-Triglycerides, amafutha angathathi hlangothi, angumthombo obalulekile wamandla ovela ekudleni futhi wenziwe izicubu. Lezi zingxube zinganikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe ekuhlolweni kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, isifo senhliziyo kanye nezinye izifo ezithile.
Kuhlolwa kanjani i-cholesterol?
Okokuqala, isiguli sihlolelwa i-cholesterol. Kumanani ajwayelekile, alukho ucwaningo olwengeziwe oludingekayo.
Ngamanani aphezulu, kuhlaziywa ukuhlaziywa okwengeziwe ukuthola iphrofayili ye-lipid.
Kwezinye izimo, iphrofayili ye-lipid ibekelwa ubungozi obukhona besifo senhliziyo, ngenkathi uthatha umuthi ukunciphisa i-lipids.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol kwenziwa ekuseni (ngaphambi kuka-11.00) ngesisu esingenalutho. Igazi lokucwaninga lithathwa emthanjeni.
Ngokuthenjwa kwemiphumela, isiguli sinconywa ukuba silandele imithetho:
- ungafaki ukudla okunamafutha ngosuku olwandulela uvivinyo;
- ungadli amahora angama-10 ngaphambi kocwaningo;
- amasonto amabili ngaphambi kocwaningo lokukhansela izidakamizwa ezithile, ikakhulukazi, i-fibrate, ama-statins, niacin;
- khipha utshwala phakathi nosuku.
Ngaphambi kocwaningo, bambelela emithethweni yokulungiselela ejwayelekile.
Bheka inani eliphelele le-cholesterol usebenzisa ihlaziyi ekhethekile yokuhlola. Uma unedivayisi, ungavivinya ekhaya. Igazi le-capillary lithathwa ukuze lihlaziywe.
Inzuzo enkulu yesilinganiso esinjalo ukuthi umuntu uthola imiphumela ngemizuzu emihlanu. Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlola kufanelekile kakhulu ukuqapha isikhombisi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuxilongwa okuphelele, kuyadingeka ukuthatha ukuhlaziya kwelabhoratri.
Ukuchazwa kwamanani
Imvamisa, amazinga we-cholesterol asebangeni le-3-5.4 mmol / L. Izinkomba ze-5.5-6.5 mmol / L, i-hypercholesterolemia elinganiselwe iyanqunywa, ngaphezu kwe-7.9 mmol - i-hypercholesterolemia ephezulu iyatholakala.
Amanani avumelekile we-HDL kubhekwe ukuthi aqhamuka ku-1,2 mmol / L, e-LDL - ukusuka ku-2,5 kuye ku-4,3 mmol / L.
NgesiLatin kukhonjisiwe: cholesterol - CHOL, cholesterol embi - LDL, cholesterol enhle - HDL.
Isimo senkomba ye-atherogenic sisuka ku-2 siye ku-2.9. Inani eliphezulu elivumelekile labesifazane yiyunithi engu-3.2, kwabesilisa - amayunithi angama-3.5. Kubantu abane-atherosulinosis enzima, i-IA inamayunithi angama-4-7.
Inkomba ye-atherogenicity ibhaliwe ekuhlaziyeni ngezinhlamvu zesiLatin - CATR.
Izinga elivumelekile le-triglycerides ngu-0.55 - 2.25 mmol / L. Ngezinkomba ezilinganiselwa ku-2.27 mmol / L, akukho bungozi bokuthuthukisa i-pathologies ye-inhliziyo, uma i-cholesterol complex isjwayelekile.
Igama lesiLatini le-triglycerides yi-TRIG.
Yikuphi ukuphambuka kokujwayelekile?
Nge-cholesterol ephakeme, iphrofayili ye-lipid iyadingeka.
Yini ebangela ukwanda kwe-cholesterol:
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- isifo senhliziyo
; - isifo sesibindi
- ukukhuluphala
- isifo senhliziyo;
- izinkinga ngamanyikwe;
- isifo sezinso
- ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha nokudla okungenamsoco.
;Izici ezithinta ukwehla zibandakanya:
- i-anemia ye-etiologies ehlukahlukene;
- izimo ezicindezelayo;
- ukwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism;
- ukuzila, malabsorption wokudla.
Ngokukhuphuka kokubi noma ukwehla kwe-cholesterol enhle, okuqukethwe kwe-triglyceride kuyanda.
Futhi, ushintsho ohlangothini olukhulu lwesikhombi lubonwa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- ukushaya kwenhliziyo;
- ukwehluleka kwezinso;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- i-hepatitis;
- i-cerebral vascular thrombosis;
- i-pancreatitis
- ukubekezelela ushukela okhubazekile;
- isifo senhliziyo.
Lapho uthatha izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo, kungabonakala ukwanda kwama-triglycerides. Ukwehla kwezinkomba kukhombisa ukulimala okuhlukahlukene, ukungondleki, ukushiswa, ukuphuza ngokweqile kwama-omega-3s.
Izinkomba ezandayo ze-coheroffi ye-atherogenic zibonisa ukuthi ukuphakama kwe-LDL emzimbeni. Ukungezelelwa kwe-IA kukhombisa nokuba khona kwe-atherossteosis esigulini. Izinga elehlisiwe alisiyona ingozi ikakhulukazi.
Yini okufanele uyenze ngeziphambeko?
Ngokuphambuka okuncane ekuhlaziyeni, kunconywa ukulungisa indlela yokuphila. Okokuqala, isiguli kufanele siyeke ukubhema notshwala. Yehlisa ijubane futhi iphazamise imetabolism yamafutha. Umsebenzi ophansi ubamba iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwezinqubo eziguqukayo. Umsebenzi okhethiwe womzimba uvamile futhi uthuthukise i-lipid metabolism.
Esigabeni sokuqala sokulungiswa kwe-cholesterol, ukunakwa kuyakhokhelwa ekudleni okufanele. Kunconywa ukumisa okwesikhashana ukusetshenziswa kwamasoseji nokunye ukudla okusetshenzisiwe, imikhiqizo equkethe amafutha ama-trans (imayonnaise, imajarini), izitsha ezithosiwe nezabhemayo, amaqanda akhangisiwe, ukudla okunamafutha (ukhilimu, ukhilimu omuncu), amazambane.
Yehlisa inani lokudla okumnandi nokunesitashi ekudleni kwakho. Udinga ukunikela ukukhetha kumikhiqizo equkethe amafutha emifino. Ekudleni kufanele kube nezinhlanzi ezikhona ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene, amantongomane, okusanhlamvu. Imifino nezithelo kusiza ukulawula i-cholesterol.
Izinto zevidiyo ezindleleni ezokwehlisa i-cholesterol:
Emavikini amathathu ngemuva kokulungiswa komsebenzi kanye noshintsho ekudleni, kuhlaziywa ukuhlaziywa kwesibili. Uma kwenzeka kuphambuka izindinganiso, udokotela wenza ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe futhi, kuye ngesithombe somtholampilo, enquma ukwelashwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol kuyiphuzu elibalulekile lokuqapha impilo yakho. Kuyasiza ukubona lesi sifo ngesikhathi, ukubona izingozi ezikhona futhi sithathe izindlela zokuzivikela. Imininingwane ephelele iqukethwe ekuhlaziyeni kwamakhemikhali.
