I-insulin yabantu iyithuluzi elisebenzayo elenzelwe ukwelapha iziguli zombili izinhlobo zokuqala nesibili sikashukela. Kungumkhiqizo okhiqizelwe izakhi zofuzo oncibilikiswa kakhulu koketshezi. Kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Amagama wezohwebo
I-Actrapid, Humulin, Insuran.
I-insulin yabantu iyithuluzi elisebenzayo elenzelwe ukwelapha iziguli zombili izinhlobo zokuqala nesibili sikashukela.
I-INN: I-insulin yokwenziwa kwe-insulin yabantu.
I-ATX
A10AD01 /
Zenziwe ini
Ungangena ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- sisebenzisa ukwelashwa okukhethekile okusebenzayo kwe-insulin ye-porcine;
- ngesikhathi sokuphendula, lapho kuhileleka khona izakhi zofuzo eziguqulwe zofuzo zemvubelo noma i-Escherichia coli, ama-bacterium e-coli.
I-insulin enjalo i-biphasic. Kuhlanzwa kuqala, bese kuhlanganiswa kwisakhiwo sokugcina samakhemikhali. Ukwakheka kwalo muthi kuhlukile kakhulu kwe-insulin engasasebenzi ye-insulin. Abanye abazinze, ama-oxidizing agents kanye nama-bacterial asebenzayo afakiwe efomini lomuntu.
Indlela eyinhloko yokukhishwa yisisombululo somjovo. I-1 ml ingaqukatha amayunithi we-insulin angama-40 noma ayi-100.
Indlela eyinhloko yokukhishwa kwe-insulin yabantu yisisombululo somjovo.
Isenzo se-Pharmacological
Leli khambi lihlobene nokufakwa insulin okufushane. Phezu kolwelwesi lwamaseli amaningi, amafomu athile we-insulin-receptor eyinkimbinkimbi, avela ngemuva kokuhlangana ngqo nobuso be-membrane yeseli. Ukuvela kwe-cycloo oxygenase ngaphakathi kwamaseli wesibindi nezakhiwo ezinamafutha kuyanda.
I-insulin iyakwazi ukungena ngqo kumaseli emisipha. Kulokhu, ukushukunyiswa kwazo zonke izinqubo ezenzeka emangqamuzaneni kwenzeka. Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-enzymes hexokinase ne-glycogen synthetase nakho kuba ngcono.
I-glucose egazini egazini iyancipha ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa ngokushesha ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana. Ukufakazelwa kwayo okuhle yizo zonke izicubu zomzimba kuyenziwa. Kukhona ukukhuthaza kwezinqubo ze-glycogenogeneis kanye ne-cellular lipogenesis. Izakhiwo zamaphrotheni zakhiwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Izinga lokukhiqizwa kweglucose okudingekayo ngamaseli wesibindi lehliswa kakhulu ngokunciphisa ukuwohloka kwemicu ye-glycogen.
I-Pharmacokinetics
Izinga lokufakwa kwe-insulin livame ngokuya ngokuthi into esebenzayo yayiphathwa kanjani. Okuningi kungenxa yedosi lokugcina, ukugcwala okugcwele kwe-insulin kusixazululo somjovo nasendaweni yokujova ngokushesha. Izicubu zisatshalaliswa ngokungalingani. I-insulin ayikwazi ukungena ekuvimbeleni i-placenta.
I-insulin ayikwazi ukungena ekuvimbeleni i-placenta.
Ingabhujiswa ngokwengxenye yi-insulinase ethile ngqo esibindini. Igcotshwa ikakhulu ngokuhlunga kwezinso. Ukuqedwa kwesigamu sempilo akudluli imizuzu eyi-10. Isamba esiphezulu se-insulin emsulwa egazini sithathwa kungakapheli ihora ngemuva kokuphathwa kwaso ngokuqondile. Umphumela ungahlala kuze kube amahora angama-5.
Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin yomuntu
Kunama-pathologies ambalwa lapho kukhonjiswa khona ukwelashwa:
- thayipha 1 bese uthayipha isifo sikashukela 2;
- isifo sikashukela acidosis;
- i-ketoacidotic coma;
- isifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Uma kwenzeka isimo esimnandi esigulini, kufanele alaliswe esibhedlela. Uma impilo ingathuthuki, i-hemodialysis iyenziwa. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, uma kungekho ukusabela okuhle okungalungile, phatha ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa okusebenzayo. Isilinganiso kanye nesikhathi sokwelashwa kunqunywa udokotela oya kuye ngokuqina kwezimpawu zomtholampilo zalesi sifo.
Contraindication
I-insulin yomuntu ayinconyelwe:
- i-hypoglycemia;
- ukungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye noma i-hypersensitivity ezingxenyeni zomuthi.
Lokhu kuphulwa kufanele kubhekwe ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.
Ungayithatha kanjani insulin yabantu
Umthamo kanye nendlela yokuphatha eqondile kunqunywa kuphela kusisekelo esoshukela egazini lokuzila, bese kuthi ngemuva kwamahora amabili kudliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwamukela kuncike ebukeni bokuthuthuka kwe-glucosuria.
Imvamisa, ukuphatha okufiphaza. Kwenze imizuzu eyi-15 ngaphambi kokudla okuyinhloko. Ku-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela noma ukhubazekile, kufakwa i-insulin ngokulimala kahle, njalo emzimbeni noma emhlanjini we-gluteus, ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe noma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa.
Kunconywa ukuphatha umuthi okungenani izikhathi ezi-3 ngosuku. Ukuze ugweme i-lipodystrophy eyingozi, awukwazi ukugwaza umuthi njalo endaweni efanayo. Ngemuva kwalokho i-dystrophy yamafutha angaphansi awabhekwanga.
Isilinganiso umthamo wansuku zonke wabantu abadala ngamayunithi angama-40, futhi ezinganeni ngamayunithi ayi-8. Isimo sokuphatha senziwa amahlandla ama-3 ngosuku. Uma kunesidingo esinjalo, khona-ke ungathola i-insulin izikhathi ezi-5.
Isilinganiso umthamo wansuku zonke wabantu abadala we-Insulin amayunithi angama-40.
Imiphumela emibi ye-insulin yomuntu
Uma isetshenziswa, imiphumela elandelayo engemihle ihlala iba:
- ukubonakaliswa kwe-allergic: i-urticaria, i-edema kaQuincke;
- ukuphefumula kakhulu, ukuncipha okubukhali kwengcindezi;
- I-hypoglycemia: ukujuluka okwandayo, ukukhukhumala kwesikhumba, ukwethuka nokuqina ngokweqile, indlala ephikelelayo, ukwanda kokuqina, ukuqwasha, i-migraine, ukuqubuka ngokweqile nokukhathala, ukubona okungalungile nokukhuluma, imisipha yobuso;
- i-hypoglycemic coma;
- i-hyperglycemia ne-acidosis: umlomo owomile njalo, ukulahleka okubukhali kokudla, ubomvu besikhumba sobuso;
- ukungazi kahle;
- umbono onciphile;
- ukuluma nokuvuvukala endaweni lapho kwakusetshenziswa khona umuthi;
- ukubonakala kokuvuvukala kobuso nezingalo, ukwephulwa kokuphikiswa.
Ukuphendula okunjalo kungokwesikhashana futhi akudingi ukwelashwa okuthile okukhethekile. Zidlula kancane emuva kokukhanselwa kwemali.
Umphumela omubi we-insulin yomuntu kungaba yi-edema kaQuincke.
Umthelela ekhonweni lokulawula izindlela
Ngonyango lwe-insulin, ukwephulwa okuningana kokuphendula okuthile kwe-psychomotor nokudideka okusobala kungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukugwema ukuzishayela nokuzisebenza ngemishini esindayo.
Imiyalo ekhethekile
Ngaphambi kokuqoqa isixazululo ngqo ebhodleleni, nakanjani kufanele usihlole. Uma kwenzeka kuvela noma ikuphi, umuthi onjalo akufanele uphuzwe.
Umthamo we-insulin ulungiswa kuma-pathologies anjalo:
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-yegilo yegilo;
- Isifo sika-Addison;
- i-hypopituitarism;
- ushukela kubantu abadala.
Imvamisa, kuvela izibonakaliso ze-hypoglycemia eyingozi. Zonke zingabangelwa yi-overdose, ukumiselela okubukhali kwe-insulin yomsuka ofanayo nomuntu, ukulamba, kanye nohudo, ukugabha nezinye izimpawu zokudakwa. I-hypoglycemia emnene ingamiswa ngoshukela.
Umthamo we-insulin uguqulwa ushukela asebekhulile.
Uma kuvela izimpawu ezincane kakhulu ze-hypoglycemia, kufanele uthinte uchwepheshe ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezinzima, ukulungiswa komthamo kungasiza. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe ukwelashwa okubonisa izimpawu zokuthi detoxification. Imvamisa, ukuhoxiswa ngokuphelele komuthi noma ukwelashwa okubuyiselwe esikhundleni kuyadingeka.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi endaweni yokuphatha okuqondile, i-dystrophy yamafutha angaphansi angakhona. Kepha lokhu kungagwenywa ngokushintsha indawo yemijovo.
Sebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhishwa komzimba
Ukulawula izinga loshukela emzimbeni wowesifazane okhulelwe kubalulekile. Kwi-trimester yokuqala, isidingo se-insulin ehlanzekile sincipha kancane, futhi ekugcineni kwethemu kuyanda.
Ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, owesifazane angadinga ukulungiswa kokutholwa kwe-insulin nokudla okukhethekile.
I-MP ayinayo imiphumela enobuthi ye-mutagenic neyezakhi zofuzo emzimbeni.
Isicelo sokusebenza kokulimala kwezinso
Uma isiguli sinanoma iyiphi i-pathologies yezinso, kungahle kudingekile ukulungisa umthamo we-insulin.
Sebenzisa umsebenzi wesibindi okhubazekile
Ngokuqapha, abantu abane-pathologies yesibindi kufanele bawuthathe umuthi. Ushintsho oluncane kakhulu kumasampula wesibindi, kunconywa ukuthi ulungise umthamo.
Ngokuqapha, i-insulin kufanele ithathwe kubantu abane-pathologies yesibindi.
Ukweqisa
Izimpawu ze-overdose zingavela kaningi:
- I-hypoglycemia - ubuthakathaka, ukujuluka ngokweqile, ukuqina kwesikhumba, ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuthuthumela ulimi, umuzwa wokulamba;
- I-hypoglycemic coma enesifo sokukhohlisa.
Ukwelashwa ikakhulukazi kuyimpawu. Izinga eliphansi le-hypoglycemia lingadlula ngemuva kokudla ushukela noma ukudla okune-carbohydrate.
Ukumisa izimpawu ze-overdose ezinzima, i-glucagon emsulwa iyafakwa. Uma kwenzeka ukuvela komqondo kungazelelwe, kufikelwa ku-100 ml yesisombululo se-dextrose esihlanjululwe kuze kube yilapho isiguli esinamandla sishiya ukoma.
Ukuxhumana nezinye izidakamizwa
Isixazululo se-insulin eyenziwe kwavunyelwa ngokuphelele ukuhlanganisa nezinye izixazululo zomjovo. Umphumela ophambili we-hypoglycemic ukhula kuphela lapho usetshenziswa ndawonye ngama-sulfonamides athile, ama-inhibitors we-MAO, nama-anabolic steroid. Ama-Androgens, ama-tetracyclines, bromocriptine, ethanol, pyridoxine kanye nabathile be-beta-blockers nabo bakhulisa umphumela wokusebenzisa umuthi.
Umphumela we-hypoglycemic uya buthaka lapho uthathwa ngama-hormone amakhulu e-thyroid, izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo, i-glucagon, ama-estrogens, i-heparin, ama-audiathomimetics amaningi, amanye ama-antidepressants, i-calcium, i-morphine ne-nicotine antagonists.
I-insulin inethonya elixubile ukumuncwa kwe-glucose yi-beta-blocker, i-reserpine ne-pentamidine.
Ukuhambisana notshwala
Ukuthatha i-insulin akuhambelani nokuphuza utshwala. Izimpawu zokudakwa ziyanda, futhi umphumela womuthi uncishiswa kakhulu.
Ukuthatha i-insulin akuhambelani nokuphuza utshwala.
Ama-Analog
Kunezindlela eziningi eziyisisekelo:
- Berlinsulin N Okuvamile;
- I-Diarapid CR;
- Kufakwe emhlolweni;
- Insulin Actrapid;
- I-Insuman Rapid;
- I-Intral;
- I-Pensulin;
- I-Humodar.
Ngaphambi kokukhetha umuthi ukuze ungene esikhundleni somuthi, udinga ukubonana nochwepheshe. Yize amanye ama-MS eshibhile, angaba nomphumela ohlukile. Yonke imishanguzo isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kuma-receptor receptors. Ngakho-ke, izinga le-glucose lincike hhayi kuphela ezintweni ezisebenzayo, kepha futhi nekhono lakhona lokubopha enhlanganisweni ye-receptor. Ngaphezu kwalokho, into ngayinye inezimpawu zayo kanye ne-contraindication, ngakho-ke akhethwe ngudokotela ngawodwana.
Imibandela yekhefu lekhemisi
I-insulin yabantu ingathengwa kuphela kumakhemisi akhethekile.
Ngingakwazi ukuthenga ngaphandle kadokotela
Kuthengiswa iresiphi ekhethekile.
Intengo
Izindleko zincike kumarole ekhemisi nenani lamabhodlela asephaketheni. Intengo ephakathi isukela ku-500 kuya ku-1700 ruble.
Izimo zokugcina zomuthi
Igcinwa kumazinga okushisa angaphakeme kune- + 25 ° C endaweni evikeleke kakhulu evela ezinganeni ezincane. Kuyelulekwa ukugwema ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo.
I-Insulin Yomuntu igcinwa emazingeni okushisa angeqi ku-25 ° C.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi isisombululo asilahlekeli sobala, futhi azikho amafomu ezansi phansi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, khona-ke umuthi awukwazi ukusetshenziswa.
Isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi
Gcina ukuvula ibhodlela kusebenza izinsuku ezingama-30 kuphela. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, umuthi ulahlwa.
Umkhiqizi
Kunezinhlangano eziningi ezikhiqiza i-insulin yomuntu:
- ISanofi (France);
- I-NovoNordisk (eDenmark);
- I-EliLilly (USA);
- Pharmstandard OJSC (Russia);
- I-OJSC "National Biotechnologies" (Russia).
Ukubuyekezwa
U-Oksana, oneminyaka engama-48, uRostov-on-Don: "Ngisanda kutholakala ukuthi nginesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ngabekwa incwadi yokuthiwa i-insulin. Ithengiswa emabhodleleni, umuntu ihlala isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungenye yezibalo. Izindleko aziphakeme kakhulu. Umphumela wesidakamizwa unelisekile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izinga likashukela wegazi lalicishe lifane nokujwayelekile.ukuphela kwento ukuthi umthamo kufanele ukhethwe ngokuya ngezinguquko ezisezingeni likashukela .. Futhi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngudokotela, ngoba izimpawu zokusebenzisa ngokweqile ziyingozi empilweni.
Ngenza imijovo ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa okungenani izikhathi ezi-3 ngosuku, ngoba umphumela womuthi awude kakhulu, akwanele usuku lonke. "
U-Alexander, oneminyaka engama-39, uSaratov: "Sekuphele isikhathi eside ngihlaselwa yisifo sikashukela. Ngelashwa ngosizo lwamapeni wesirinji, okulungele ukusetshenziswa. Ekuqaleni, bekukhona okuthile okusabela endaweni ngendlela ye-hematomas endaweni yokusebenzisa umuthi. Kepha udokotela wabe esethi kungakuhle ukukwenza. imijovo ezindaweni ezihlukile ukugwema ukungena kwezicubu ezingaphansi. Lapho ngiqala ukwenza lokhu, i-hematomas ayizange ibange futhi. Ngicabanga ukuthi umphumela omfishane womuthi yiwo kuphela ongemuhle. Uhlala isikhathi esingamahora angama-5. Futhi-ke, umphumela muhle kakhulu. "
U-Ana, oneminyaka engama-37, eSt. Petersburg: "Umuthi awuzange uhambisane. Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala ukusetshenziswa, kwavela i-hematoma enkulu endaweni yomjovo, kwavela umuzwa ovuthayo. Umuzwa ongathandeki uhlala isikhathi eside. Umjovo wesibili wenziwa kwenye indawo, kepha ukusabela kuyefana. ngokwezivivinyo, kwavela ushintsho lwegazi. Zonke izinkomba ze-hypoglycemia zabonwa. Kwathukuthelisa kakhulu, kwavela ukuqwasha. Kwaqala ukubonwa ukuthi ukuthuthumela kwezandla kwaqala. Konke lokhu kwakwesabeka kangangokuba udokotela wacishe washo ukuthi kunalokho welapha esikhundleni futhi wawahoxisa umuthi. "
