I-Carbamazepine isidakamizwa esinamandla esinomphumela we-psychotropic kanye ne-antiepileptic. Leli thuluzi lisebenza ngempumelelo enkulu, kepha linemiphumela emibi eminingi, ngakho-ke udinga ukulisebenzisa kuphela njengoba uyalelwe udokotela wakho, ungeqi imithamo ephezulu ekhonjiswe kwimiyalo yokusetshenziswa.
Igama
Lawa mathebhulethi esiLatini, asetshenziswa osokhemisi, abizwa ngeCarbamazepine.
I-ATX
Ohlelweni lwamazwe omhlaba lwe-anatomical-Therapeutic-Chemical ngezigaba, inekhodi - N03AF01.
I-Carbamazepine isidakamizwa esinomphumela we-psychotropic kanye ne-antiepileptic.
Khipha amafomu nokwakheka
Isakhi esisebenzayo se-carbamazepine yinto yegama elifanayo. Izingxenye ezisizayo zifaka:
- isitashi;
- i-talc;
- i-magnesium stearate;
- i-polysorbate;
- povidol.
Lo muthi uyatholakala ngesimo samathebulethi. Umuthi onomthamo ongama-200 mg uvezwa emaphaketheni obhulowu. Iphakethe lingaqukatha kusuka kumaphakethe ayi-1 kuye kwangama-5.
Ezibhedlela, umuthi uhanjiswa emabhange enzelwe ama-500, 600, 1000, 1200 ama-PC. Imbiza ngayinye igcwele ebhokisini lekhadi elihlukile.
Kusebenza kanjani?
Lesi sidakamizwa sinomphumela we-neurotropic, antidiuretic, antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, standardotimic, antipsychotic, psychotropic.
Umphumela we-antiepileptic wesidakamizwa utholakala ngokuqinisa ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwe-neurons olungaphansi kwe-overexcitation. Ithuluzi limisa ukukhokhiswa kwe-serial futhi linciphise ijubane lokuhambisa lokudonsa. Umuthi usiza ukunciphisa i-glutamate, okuyi-neurotransmitter.
I-carbamazepine yezidakamizwa ine-neurotropic kanye ne-standardotimic effect evunyelwe, evumela ukunciphisa imvamisa yokubanjwa kokuqaqanjelwa.
Umuthi wehlisela isilinganiso se-metabolic se-norepinephrine ne-dopamine. Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa ngabantu abanesifo sokuwa kunganciphisa imvamisa yokuqaqanjelwa kanye nezinga lokudangala, kuqede ukukhathazeka okwengeziwe, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuthi usiza ukuqeda ubuhlungu be-paroxysmal nge-neuralgia enzima.
Umphumela womuthi ekwelapheni i-alcohol Returning syndrome kuhloswe ngawo ukunciphisa umsebenzi owethusayo nezinye izibonakaliso.
Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela i-insipidus, lesi sidakamizwa singanciphisa i-diuresis.
I-Pharmacokinetics
Ukufakwa kwesidakamizwa kuhamba kancane. Ukuhlushwa kwe-plasma ephezulu kakhulu kungemva kwamahora ayi-12. Ngokusebenzisa njalo, ukugxila okufanayo kufinyelelwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-14.
I-metabolism yezidakamizwa yenzeka esibindini ngenxa yethonya le-microsomal enzyme epoxide hydrase.
Ezigulini ezike zisebenzise lo muthi kanye, zikhishwa ngokuphelele ngokwesilinganiso samahora angama-36.
Uma umuthi usetshenziswa njengengxenye yokwelapha okuningi usebenzisa ezinye izidakamizwa ze-antiepileptic, isikhathi sawo sokuqeda singancishiswa saba ngamahora we-9-10. Ama-metabolites angasebenzi aqedwa ngezinga elikhulu ngomchamo futhi ngezinga elincane ngemijovo. Ezinganeni, ukuqedwa kwalo muthi kusheshe kakhulu.
Yini esiza?
Ukwemukelwa kukhonjiswa ngezinqubo ezilandelayo ze-pathological:
- isithuthwane
- glossopharyngeal neuralgia;
- i-syndrome yokuhoxiswa kotshwala;
- i-polydipsia ne-polyuria ku-insipidus yesifo sikashukela;
- i-pain syndrome ene-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela.
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo;
- ukulimala kwemizwa ye-nerge ye-trigeminal nerve;
- nerve ethintekile ye-trigeminal ngokumelene nesizinda se-sclerosis eminingi, njll.
Amandla okusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa izimo ezithile ze-pathological ezikhona ezigulini kunqunywa udokotela ngawodwana.
Contraindication
Kunezimo eziningana lapho ukusetshenziswa kwaleli thuluzi kungavunyelwe ngokuphelele. Ukuphazamiseka okunjalo nemibandela kufaka phakathi:
- i-antrioventricular block;
- i-porphyria eyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile
- ukungasebenzi komongo;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo nezinso;
- amaseli egazi amhlophe aphansi kanye nokubalwa kweplatelet;
- ukuba khona kwe-hypersensitivity.
Ngokuqapha, udinga ukuthatha lo muthi uma isiguli sivele saba nezimpawu ze-myelodepression.
Ungayithatha kanjani
Ekuxineni, umuthi uqala ukusetshenziswa ngendlela ye-monotherapy. Ukwelashwa kuqala ngemithamo emincane esukela ku-100 kuye ku-200 mg / ngosuku.
Nge-neuralgia ye-glossopharyngeal ne-trigeminal nerve, lo muthi usetshenziswa kumthamo we-200 mg. Kancane kancane, umthamo ukhuphuka ufike ku-600-800 mg. Ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa kuvunyelwe kuze kube sekuqedweni kwesifo sezinhlungu.
Nge-neuralgia ye-ternary nerve, i-carbamazepine yezidakamizwa iqala ukuthathwa kumthamo we-200 mg.
Nge-polydipsia ne-polyuria, eyaqala ngesifo sikashukela, umuthi unqunywa kumthamo wama-200 mg izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku.
Ekwelashweni kwezimpawu zokuhoxa ngemuva kwesizinda sotshwala, umthamo wokuqala ngu-200 mg kathathu ngosuku.
Njengengxenye yokwelashwa kokusekelwa kwezifo ezinamandla zokuphefumula, lesi sidakamizwa sinqunyelwe abantu abadala kumthamo we-400 kuya ku-1600 mg. Lomthamo uhlukaniswe ngemithamo emi-2 noma emi-3.
Uma kwenzeka kubuhlungu, umuthi kufanele usetshenziswe ngomthamo we-100 mg izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku. Ngokuzayo, umthamo wansuku zonke ukhuphuka ufike kuma-200 mg.
Ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokudla
Ochwepheshe abaningi baphawula ukuthi kungakuhle ukuthi ungathathi lesi sidakamizwa esiswini esingenalutho, ngoba lokhu kwandisa ubungozi bemiphumela emibi evela emgodini wokugaya ukudla. Thatha umuthi kufanele ube phakathi noma ngemuva kokudla. Umuthi kufanele ugezwe ngamanzi.
I-Carbamazepine ayinconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe esiswini esingenalutho.
Isikhathi esingakanani ukuphuza?
Isikhathi sokwelashwa kuncike ekuxilongeni, esigulini, kumthelela nasekuphenduleni komuntu ngamunye. Kwamanye ama-pathologies, isifundo seviki engu-1-2 nokwelashwa kokulunga kwanele. Kodwa-ke, kungavezwa umuthi wokuphila konke.
Ukuthatha umuthi wesifo sikashukela
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kufanele baphuze lesi sidakamizwa ngokuqapha.
Ku-polyneuropathy yesifo sikashukela, isilinganiso somuthi singama-200 mg izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku.
Imiphumela emibi
Lesi sidakamizwa isidakamizwa esinamandla kakhulu, singasetshenziswa ekwelapheni kude kwazo zonke iziguli.
Imiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene, evame kakhulu ukuthi umuntu angakwazi ukuziphilela impilo ephelele, ingaba yisithiyo ekwelashweni.
Amapheshana wesisu
Imiphumela emibi ye-carbamazepine evela emgodini wesisu ifaka:
- isicanucanu
- ukuhlanza
- umlomo owomile
- jaundice
- ukuphazamiseka kwesitulo;
- ukulahleka kwesifiso sokudla;
- i-hepatitis;
- i-pancreatitis
- isicwebezelisi.
Ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla kungenye yemiphumela emibi yokuphuza umuthi i-Carbamazepine.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa kungaba nomthelela ekubonakala kwe-stomatitis namanye ama-pathologies wesibeletho somlomo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-carbamazepine kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwesibindi.
Izitho zeHematopoietic
Imvamisa, ngemuva kwenkambo ende yokuthatha lo muthi, i-aplastic kanye ne-hemolytic anemia iba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubukeka kokuphulwa okunjengokuthi:
- thromocytopenia;
- i-leukocytosis;
- i-eosinophilia;
- erythrocyte aplasia;
- reticulocytosis.
Ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-carbamazepine, i-anemia iyakhula.
Phakathi kokunye, ngokumelene nesizinda sokuphuza umuthi, i-lymphadenopathy ingavela.
Isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi
Ngasohlangothini lohlelo lwezinzwa oluyinhloko lapho uthatha i-carbamazepine, ukwephula okulandelayo kungavela:
- ubuqili;
- ikhanda
- ukuthikamezwa kwezindlebe;
- i-nystagmus;
- diplopia;
- i-ataxia
- ukuhlaselwa kwesiyezi;
- ukungazi kahle;
- umsindo ekhanda;
- i-neuritis.
I-Lethargy, umsindo ekhanda, ukuhlaselwa kwesiyezi yimiphumela emibi yesistimu ye-carbamazepine ephakathi.
Imiphumela emibi, evezwa ama-hallucinations, kusebenze i-psychosis, ukuphazamiseka kokunambitha, i-dysarthria, njll., Ayjwayelekile kakhulu.
Kusuka ohlelweni lomchamo
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokuthatha lo muthi, ukwephula izinso nokukhula kwenqubo yokuvuvukala kungenzeka. Kuqabukela kutholakala ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso.
Kusuka ohlelweni lokuphefumula
Imvamisa inyumbaza i-pneumonia ne-dyspnea.
Ukusuka ohlelweni lokuphefumula, i-carbamazepine ingavusa inyumoniya.
Uhlelo lwe-Endocrine
Kuqabukela kakhulu ukuthatha lo muthi uholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwe-yegilo yegilo. Mhlawumbe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-galactorrhea ne-gynecomastia.
Allergies
Iziguli zingathola ukuqubuka kwesikhumba. Akuvamile, ukungezwani komzimba kwenzeka ngendlela ye-arthralgia, umkhuhlane kanye ne-lymphadenopathy.
Imiyalo ekhethekile
Ngaphambi kokubeka umuthi, udokotela kufanele anikeze ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe ukuthola inani lemingcele yegazi, okufanele iqashelwe ngokucophelela ngemuva kokuqala kokwelashwa.
Ukulawulwa okukhethekile lapho udla lo muthi kuyadingeka nakubantu abane-ingcindezi ye-intraocular ekhuphukayo.
Lapho kukhona ukugula okungalapheki kwezitho zangasese nezifo ezenzeka kuzo zohlelo oluphambili lwezinzwa, kubalulekile ukusiqapha njalo isimo sesiguli. Ekwelashweni kweziguli ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kudinga ukubhekwa njalo kwenani lama-leukocytes.
Ukuhambisana notshwala
Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, isiguli kufanele senqabe ngokuphelele ukuthatha noma yikuphi ukuphuza utshwala.
Ngesikhathi sokuphathwa kwe-carbamazepine, kuyadingeka ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
Umthelela ekhonweni lokulawula izindlela
Abantu abelashwa ngalo muthi kufanele baqaphele lapho beshayela imoto futhi benza umsebenzi ongaba yingozi.
Sebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhishwa komzimba
Ukuthathwa kwengane yisiguli kuwukuphula umthetho wokwenza umuthi ngalo muthi, ngoba lokhu kungasusa izisu ezinganeni. Ukuncelisa amabele kubuye kube necala lokusebenzisa umuthi.
Ukukhulelwa nokukhulelwa kuyizimpawu zokuphambana ngokuthatha i-carbamazepine.
Ukunquma iCarbamazepine ezinganeni
Ezinganeni, lesi sidakamizwa sinqunywa kaningi kunesabantu abadala. Ukusetshenziswa kwaso kunesizathu sokuba nesithuthwane. Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala, kunqunywe umthamo ongama-20 kuye kwangama-60 mm. Uma kunesidingo, singaphindwa kabili. Izingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5 ubudala zichazwe - 100 mg ngosuku. Lomthamo uhlukaniswe ngemithamo engu-2-3. Umuthi ungabekelwa izingane ukuqeda ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela.
Sebenzisa ebudaleni
Ekwelapheni asebekhulile, kusetshenziswa imithamo encishisiwe.
Ekwelashweni kwezimpawu zokuhoxa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, umthamo onconywayo ngu-100 mg izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku.
Umuthi unqunyelwe ukwehlisa ukushisa okukhulu, uzinzise i-diureis futhi ubuyisele masisha amanzi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.
Ukweqisa
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithamo ephezulu kakhulu yesidakamizwa kungadala ukuvela kwezimpawu ezinjengokuthi:
- umbono omfiphele;
- ukulahleka kwengqondo;
- isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- iminyakazo
- ukuphefumula okubuthakathaka
- i-nystagmus;
- i-pulmonary edema;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo;
- ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo;
- dysarthria;
- ukozela noma ukuyaluza ngokweqile;
- ukudideka esikhaleni.
Ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo kungenye yezimpawu zokubonisa ngokweqile kwe-carbamazepine yezidakamizwa.
Ukwelapha kufaka i-gastric lavage, kwakheka i-diuresis kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-sorbents. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo zibekelwa ukugcina umsebenzi wokuphefumula nowenhliziyo.
Ukuxhumana nezinye izidakamizwa
Umuthi unokuhambisana okuphansi neminye imithi, ngakho-ke uma udinga inhlanganisela yezimali, udinga ukubonana nodokotela. Ukusetshenziswa ngokubambisana ne-CYP 3A4 inhibitors kuvusa ukwanda kokuxineka kwangaphambi kwegazi. Uma kuhlanganiswa nezengezo ze-CYP 3 A 4 isoenzyme kuyadingeka, ukusheshiswa kwe-metabolism yangaphambili kulindelekile.
Inhlanganisela ayinconywa
Ithuluzi elihambelani ne-MAO inhibitors.
Akunconywa ukuhlanganisa lo muthi ne-corticosteroids, izinto ezivimbela inzalo eziqukethe i-estrogen kanye ne-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Ngokunakekela
Ezimweni ezivame kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ne-Isoniazid kuvunyelwe, ngoba kwandisa i-hepatotoxicity yokugcina. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-carbomazepine kunciphisa umphumela wamanye ama-anticonvulsants, ama-anticoagulants, ama-barbiturates, ama-valproic acid. Ukusebenza kwe-clonazepam ne-pyramidone kuyancipha ngenkathi uzisebenzisa nge-carbamazepine. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthatha lo muthi nge-glycosides ye-cardiac.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuthatha i-carbamazepine kuvunyelwe nge-isoniazid.
Ama-Analog
Isinqumo sokuthi ungasifaka kanjani lesi sidakamizwa kumele senziwe ngudokotela. Ama-analogues weCarbamazepine-Acre yile:
- I-Zeptol;
- I-Carbapine;
- I-Timonyl;
- I-Carbalex;
- IFinlepsin Buyisela;
- Tegretol;
- UGabapentin.
ICarbalex ingesinye sezifanekiso zomuthi i-Carbamazepine.
Imibandela yekhefu lekhemisi
Ingathengwa ekhemisi kuphela ngokuyalelwa ngudokotela.
Ngingakwazi ukuthenga ngaphandle kadokotela
Ukuthengisa lo muthi ngaphandle kadokotela akukho emthethweni. Ukuthengwa okubambe ngesandla kukhulisa ubungozi bokuthola umuthi mbumbulu noma ose kuphelelwe isikhathi.
Malini i-carbamazepine
Umuthi ovela enkampanini ethi "Farmland" nakwezinye izinkampani awubizi. Intengo yamathebulethi angama-50 we-200 mg - kusuka kuma-ruble angama-45 kuye kwangama-60.
Izimo zokugcina zomuthi i-Carbamazepine
Umkhiqizo kumele ugcinwe emazingeni okushisa angeqi ku-25 ° C
Isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi
Umuthi ungagcinwa isikhathi esingekho ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-3. Usuku lokukhiqiza lukhonjisiwe kwiphakheji.
Ukubuyekezwa ku-carbamazepine
U-Olga, oneminyaka engama-24, uVladivostok
Bengihlushwa isithuthwane kusukela ebuntwaneni futhi sengiphathwa nge-carbamazepine kusukela ngineminyaka engu-13 ubudala. Umuthi kufanelekile, ngakho-ke akukho miphumela emibi, kepha manje ngihlela ingane futhi angazi ukuthi ngenzeni, ngoba ngeke isetshenziswe. Nginovalo lokunyuka kokuxhuga, ngakho-ke ngizothatha elinye ikhambi nodokotela.
U-Igor, oneminyaka engama-35, uRostov-on-Don
Lapho ngisemusha, ngaba nezimpawu zokuqala ze-schizophrenia. Ngezikhathi ezithile, udokotela wezifo zengqondo uphikelela ngokuthatha i-carbamazepine. Amaphilisi asiza kahle, kepha imiphumela emibi iphazamisa impilo. Umzimba awusiphuthi lesi sidakamizwa. Ngiyethemba ukuthi bazokhetha enye indlela emnene maduze.
U-Eorofi, oneminyaka engama-45, eMoscow
Wayelashelwa ukwelashwa kwesithuthwane. Imiphumela emibi evela kula maphilisi kuthiwa, udokotela wanquma ukufaka lesi sidakamizwa nge-Timonil. Inomphumela omnene futhi ayiniki imiphumela emibi eminingi.
UVladislav, oneminyaka engama-35, uKamensk
Welashwa ngalo muthi kusuka eminyakeni eyi-13 kuye kweli-19. Kwakunemiphumela emibi ethile, kepha lesi sidakamizwa siqede ngokuphelele isithuthwane. Akukaze kube nokuhlaselwa iminyaka engu-17.
