I-Ofloxacin isidakamizwa esidumile ngoba inezinkomba ezahlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa, kanti ukusebenza kahle kwezokwelapha sekufakazelwe kungekuphela ngezifundo zemitholampilo, kepha nangokuhlangenwe nakho kweziguli.
Igama lomhlaba jikelele
Umkhiqizo wemithi usetshenziswa umhlaba wonke. Igama lamanye amazwe lipelwe ngesiLatini njenge-Ofloxacin.
I-Ofloxacin isidakamizwa esidumile.
I-ATX
Ngokwesihlukaniso se-anatomical, zokwelapha kanye namakhemikhali, lesi sidakamizwa sibhekisa ezidakamizweni ezibulala amagciwane zesenzo esisebenzayo. Leli qembu lifaka ama-antibacterial agents wesenzo esisebenzayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-quinolones ne-fluoroquinolones, okubandakanya umuthi. Wabelwa ikhodi ye-ATX: J01MA01.
Khipha amafomu nokwakheka
Lo mkhiqizo wemithi unezinhlobonhlobo eziningana, ngamunye uhlose ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi noma kwasendaweni. Isithako esikhulu esisebenzayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zale mishanguzo yinto yokwenziwa ephindaphinda igama lokuhweba.
I-antibiotic ebanzi ebanzi. Isebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene nenani elikhulu lamagciwane. Izingxenye ezingezekile azinawo umphumela wokwelapha futhi zenza imisebenzi yokusiza.
Amaphilisi
Izibhebhe zinobunjwa be-biconvex eziyindilinga. Ukuhlanganiswa kwefilimu kuncibilika kalula. Umbala wesidakamizwa ucishe waba mhlophe. Umthamo weyunithi eli-1 le-antibiotic kungaba ngama-200 noma ama-400 mg wento esebenzayo. Izibhebhe zithathwa ngomlomo. Umuthi ufakwa emabhulashini nasemaphepheni amakhadibhodi.
Isixazululo
I-ejenti ye-antibacterial iyatholakala ngesimo se-infusion solution. Umuthi ophuzi ophuzi ufakwe ezilandweni ezingama-100 ml ezimnyama. Ngaphezu kwento esebenzayo, ukwakheka kwalesi sidakamizwa kufaka i-sodium chloride namanzi angcolile wokujova. I-100 ml yesisombululo iqukethe i-2 g yesakhi esisebenzayo.
Amafutha
Amafutha enzelwe ukwelashwa kwezifo zamehlo. Ikhiqizwa kwishubhu le-aluminium lika-3 noma u-5. Ukwakheka kwalesi sidakamizwa kufaka phakathi i-antibiotic yokwenziwa, kanye nabatholi: i-petrolatum, i-nipagin, i-nipazole. Amafutha anombala ophuzi noma ophuzi ophuzi kanye nesakhiwo esifanayo.
Isenzo se-Pharmacological
Umenzeli wezemithi uyakwazi ukumisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-enzyme ethile edingekayo ekuqiniseni i-DNA yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-ejenti athelelanayo. Ukuchithwa kwezakhi ezibalulekile zeseli yamagciwane kuholela ekufeni kwayo. Ngakho-ke, umuthi unemiphumela elwa namagciwane.
Umuthi olwa namagciwane usebenza ngempumelelo emelana nama-microorganisms akhiqiza i-beta-lactamases. Umuthi uyakwazi ukubhekana ne-mycobacteria ekhula ngokushesha. Umuthi, ongowesizukulwane sesi-2 se-fluoroquinolones, unesibuko esikhulu sezenzo ngokumelene ne-gram-positive ne-gram-negative microflora.
Amagciwane ama-Anaerobic avame ukumelana nemithi. I-Treponema pallidum ayizweli emithini.
I-Pharmacokinetics
Izakhi eziyinhloko zigxothwa ngokushesha egazini zisuka emgodini wokugaya ukudla futhi zicishe zigxile emzimbeni. Izinto ezisebenzayo zingena kumaseli wezitho zangaphakathi, kufaka phakathi lezo ezihlobene nezinhlelo zokuphefumula, zokuchama nezokuzala.
Umuthi wokulwa namagciwane uqongelela kuwo wonke uketshezi lomzimba, uqwanga lwamalunga namathambo.
Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kubonwa ngemuva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-60. Kuze kufike ku-5% wezidakamizwa ezitholwa esibindini. Ukuqedwa kwesigamu sempilo kungamahora angama-6-7. Cishe i-80-90% yento esebenzayo isuswa emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa izinso, okuyingxenye encane - ene-bile.
Yini esiza?
Isibuko esikhulu sokwenza isenzo sinquma ukusetshenziswa kwe-ejenti elwa namagciwane engalwisa izifo ezibangelwa yibacteria kwasendaweni ehlukahlukene. Umuthi ubekelwe izifo ezifana:
- ukuvuvukala kwendlebe ephakathi, i-sinusitis, i-sinusitis, i-sinusitis yangaphambili;
- i-lesion esithathelwanayo emboza ipheshana lomchamo kanye nezinso (cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis);
- ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesibeletho;
- izifo zokuvuvukala ze-pharynx kanye ne-immune system (pharyngitis, laryngitis, pneumonia);
- i-pathologies yesikhumba kanye nomonakalo wezicubu ezithambile, amathambo kanye nokuhlangana okuhambisana nokukhula kwe-microflora ye-pathogenic;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo ezithathelwanayo nezokuvuvukala (colpitis, endometritis, prostatitis, cervicitis, salpingitis);
- izilonda zokulimala kwesibindi, i-conjunctivitis, i-blepharitis, i-dacryocystitis, ibhali, izifo zamehlo ezibangelwa yi-chlamydia.
I-antibiotic ivame ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuvimbela izinkinga ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
Contraindication
Umuthi awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuzwela okukhulayo nokungabekezelelani ngakunye kwezakhi. Zonke izinhlobo zokukhishwa zinqatshelwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa kanye nasezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18. Ku-syndrome ekhubekisayo kanye nengozi yokuqhekeka komzimba, izifo ezingalapheki zesibindi, izinso nenhliziyo, umuthi olwa nemithi elwa namagciwane. Ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose kanye nokulimala kwe-tendon lapho kuthathwa imishanguzo eqenjini le-fluoroquinolone kudinga ukukhethwa komunye umenzeli ukwelapha ukutheleleka.
Ungayithatha kanjani?
Ukweluleka kokuthatha, ifomu lomthamo, umthamo kanye nobude bokusebenzisa umuthi kunqunywa udokotela ngokuya ngobunzima balesi sifo, iminyaka yesiguli kanye ne-pathologies ehlobene nayo.
Ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokudla?
Kudliwa amaphilisi ngaphambi kokudla noma ngesikhathi sokudla, ukugwinye ngokuphelele. Umthamo wansuku zonke wabantu abadala u-200-800 mg futhi uhlukaniswe izikhathi ezi-2. Isikhathi senkambo yokwelashwa siyizinsuku ezingama-5- 10. Umuthi kufanele uphuzwe ezinye izinsuku ezintathu ngemuva kokunyamalala kwezimpawu eziphambili zesifo.
Isixazululo somjovo sikhishwa ngokudonsa kanye ngesigamu sehora. Umthamo ngu-200 mg. Ngokuthuthuka kwesithombe somtholampilo, isiguli sidluliselwa ku-antibiotic yomlomo. Uma kunesidingo, nikeza imijovo engenayo ye-100-200 mg amahlandla ama-2 ngosuku. Kubantu abanesimo sokunciphisa mzimba, umthamo ungakhushulwa ufike kuma-500 mg ngosuku.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Chlamydial kwamehlo kuphathwa ngamafutha: 1 cm (mayelana ne-2 mg) yesidakamizwa ibekwa ku-conjunctival sac kusuka kathathu kuye ku-5 ngosuku.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi uphuze umuthi onesifo sikashukela?
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zivunyelwe ukuphuza umuthi ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqashwa njalo kwamazinga kashukela egazini. Umuthi olwa namagciwane uhlangana ne-insulin ungadala i-hypoglycemia enzima. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukusetshenziswa, kuyadingeka ukubonana nodokotela futhi ubike ngemithi umuntu ayithatha njalo.
Imiphumela emibi
I-Fluoroquinolones ingadala imiphumela emibi kakhulu, izibonakaliso zokuqala zazo okufanele ziyeke ukuthatha ama-antibiotic bese uthintana nodokotela wakho ukuthi abukeze inqubo yokwelashwa yokutheleleka ngaleli gciwane.
Amapheshana wesisu
Umuthi kwezinye izimo ubangela isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, uhudo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-cholestatic jaundice, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, kanye nokwanda komsebenzi wama-hepatic transaminases awukhishwa. Imvamisa iziguli zikhononda ngobuhlungu nokungahambi kahle esiswini.
Izitho zeHematopoietic
Umuthi wephula izinkomba zomtholampilo wegazi futhi ungaba imbangela ye-anemia, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
Isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi
Ukusuka ohlangothini lwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwesiyezi ne-migraine, ukuxhumeka okungahambi kahle kokunyakaza, ukudideka, ukulahleka kokuzwa kuyaphawulwa. Kwezinye izimo, umuntu uhlangabezana nokukhathazeka nokwesaba okwandayo. Ukudana, ukuqwasha noma amaphupho amabi emaphusheni, ukubonwa kombala okungalungile.
Kusuka ohlelweni lomchamo
I-ejenti elwa ne-antibacterial ingakhuphula i-urea futhi ibangele i-nephritis enzima ye-interstitial. Amathebulethi kufanele athathwe ngokucophelela, ngoba ukulimala kwezinso kungenzeka.
Kusuka ohlelweni lokuphefumula
Imiphumela emibi evela ohlelweni lokuphefumula ibonakala ngesimo sokukhwehlela owomile, i-bronchospasm kanye nokuphefumula kakhulu.
Kusuka ohlelweni lwe-musculoskeletal
Umphumela ongemuhle ohlelweni lwe-musculoskeletal kanye ne-musculoskeletal ukubonakala kwezimpawu ze-myalgia, arthralgia. Ukugqabhuka kukaTendon akubekiwe ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi ezigulini esezikhulile.
Kusuka ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo
Umuthi olwa namagciwane ungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Amacala e-tachycardia, i-bradycardia, i-vasculitis kanye nokuwohloka sekurekhodwe.
Allergies
Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ukusabela komzimba, njengokulunywa, ubomvu bezendlalelo eziphezulu ze-epermermis, ukuqhuma kwesikhumba, i-urticaria, ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic, i-edema kaQuincke.
Imiyalo ekhethekile
Ithuluzi alisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-tonsillitis eyingozi kanye ne-pneumonia okucasulwe yi-pneumococci. Ukulungiswa komthamo kuyadingeka ezifweni ezingelapheki zenhliziyo, isibindi nezinso.
Uma amaphilisi evusa i-pseudomembranous enterocolitis, i-metronidazole kufanele inikezwe isiguli.
Umuthi olwa namagciwane akufanele uphuzwe ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-60. Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, kunconywa ukugwema imisebe ye-ultraviolet.
Ukuhambisana notshwala
Umuthi akufanele usetshenziswe ngokuhambisana notshwala. I-Alcohol ikhulisa imiphumela enobuthi yezakhi ezisebenzayo zomuthi futhi icasule ukuthuthukiswa kwemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Umthelela ekhonweni lokulawula izindlela
Umuthi wehlisela phansi ukusebenza komqondo we-psychomotor, kuthinta kabi amandla okushayela izimoto nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, abantu abasebenza embonini yezobuchwepheshe ephezulu yezingozi ezandayo nabashayeli ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kufanele baqaphele kakhulu.
Sebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhishwa komzimba
Izinto ezisebenzayo zingena kumgoqo we-placental futhi zithinte kabi ukukhula kwesibeletho. Izakhi ze-antibiotic zidlulwa ubisi lwebele, ezingalimaza impilo yengane. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhishwa komzimba, umuthi we-contraindication. Uma umama ongumhlengikazi kudingeka ukuba enze inkambo yokwelashwa, ingane idluliselwa kokudla okungelona okwangempela.
Sebenzisa ebudaleni
Ebudaleni, umuthi ubekelwe izizathu zempilo. Umuthi uphathwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa udokotela. Amaphilisi avame ukudala ukucaphuka kwe-tendon ezigulini ezindala.
Ukweqisa
Ukudlula umthamo ovumelekile wesidakamizwa kuholela ekuthuthukiseni isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ukuhlangana okungahambi kahle kokunyakaza, ukudideka, ikhanda kanye nomlomo owomile. Ayikho i-antidote ethize, ngakho-ke iziguli ezinezimpawu zokusebenzisa ngokweqile zinikezwa i-gastric lavage kanye ne-symptomatic therapy.
Ukweqisa ivolumu evunyelwe yesidakamizwa kuholela ekuphulweni kokuxhumana kokunyakaza nekhanda.
Ukuxhumana nezinye izidakamizwa
Kwezifo ezinzima ezithathelwanayo nokuvuvukala, kusetshenziswa i-Ornidazole ukuthuthukisa umphumela we-antibacterial. Akunconywa ukuhlanganisa nama-anticoagulants kanye nezidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic, ngoba isenzo sawo singathuthukiswa. I-Methotrexate ithinta secretion yeshubhu yama-fluoroquinolones, ikhulisa izakhiwo zayo ezinobuthi.
Ukusetshenziswa okuhambisana ne-glucocorticosteroids kwandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwe-tendon, ikakhulukazi ezigulini esezikhulile.
Ama-antacid nezidakamizwa aqukethe i-iron, i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-aluminium ne-lithium, axhumana nezakhi ezisebenzayo, enza izingxube ezingafakwanga insoluble. Kufanele kwenziwe ikhefu phakathi kokutholwa kwalezi zinhlobo zemithi.
Ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe nezidakamizwa ezingezona ezokuvikela ukuvuvukala okungezona ezokwelapha akunconywa ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela ye-neurotoxic.
Ama-Analog
Kunezidakamizwa eziningana zegama elifanayo, amagama awo ahluka kuphela ngeziqalo ezikhombisa umenzi (Teva, Vero, FPO, Othenjisiwe, ICN, Darnitsa). Le mikhiqizo yemithi inezici ezifanayo zokwelapha kanye 1 nesithako esisebenzayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa ezivela ochungechungeni lwe-fluoroquinolone ziyizifaniso ze-antibiotic. Kungenzeka ukubuyisela umuthi esikhundleni seNorfloxacin, iLevofloxacin, i-Ciprolet. Kwezinye izimo, ama-antimicrobials anqunywa kumathebhulethi noma ama-ampoules avela kwamanye amaqembu: Augmentin, Amoxicillin, Rulid. Kodwa kungcono ukungazinambitheki, futhi ngezimpawu zokuqala zesifo esithathelwanayo, thintana nodokotela.
Imibandela yekhefu lekhemisi
Umuthi olwa ne-antibacterial uhanjiswa ngemithi.
Malini i-Ofloxacin?
Intengo yomuthi incike ohlotsheni lokukhululwa nomenzi. Amasampula wasekhaya ashibhile kunawakwamanye amazwe. E-Ukraine, amaphilisi angathengwa ama-h96nias ayi-11.55; eRussia, izindleko zomuthi zingama-ruble angama-30 kuya kwangama-40.
Izimo zokugcina zomuthi i-Ofloxacin
Umuthi kufanele ugcinwe endaweni eyomile futhi emnyama engafinyeleleki ezinganeni emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni.
Isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi
Umuthi kumele usetshenziswe kungakapheli iminyaka emi-2 kusukela ngosuku olukhonjiswe kwiphakheji.
Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Ofloxacin
UVladislav, oneminyaka engama-51, uRostov-on-Don.
I-Ofloxacin yachazwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ngamatshe ezinso. Imizwa yayimibi: ukukhanda njalo, ukungagxili, isicanucanu. Kepha izinkinga ngemuva kokuhlinzwa aziqhamuki. Angazi, imijovo isize, noma ngaphandle kwabo konke kwahamba kahle.
UFatima, oneminyaka engama-33, uNalchik.
Ngokukhuphuka kwe-cystitis, ngathatha amaphilisi izinsuku ezinhlanu. Izimpawu sezivele zidlulile ku-2-3 izinhlelo. Kwakungekho miphumela emibi. Umuthi ushibhile, kepha usebenza ngokushesha nangendlela efanele.
UStanislav, oneminyaka engama-25, Khabarovsk.
Amehlo ayemanzi futhi embalele. Kwavela ukuthi "ubambe" ukutheleleka. Amaconsi wamehlo nge-Ofloxacin anqunywe. I-Conjunctivitis idlule ezinsukwini ezi-3.
