USHUKELA UWUTHINTA KANJANI UMZIMBA WETHU? - UKULAWULWA KWESIFO SIKASHUKELA

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Izinga likashukela (ushukela) ku-plasma yegazi lingumqondo osemqoka weziguli ezinesifo sohlobo lwe-I nohlobo II. Ushukela ophakeme uvame ukuba wuphawu futhi uphawu oluphambili lwesigaba sokudalwa kwesifo. Ngokusho kwezokwelapha, ama-50% eziguli ezinesifo sikashukela azi kuphela nge-pathology lapho ifinyelela ezigabeni ezithuthukayo nezinzima.

Masizame ukuthola ukuthi kungani lizinga lama-carbohydrate ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi libaluleke kakhulu enhlalakahleni yomuntu, futhi ngasizathu sini kukhona ukungalingani kwe-glucose emzimbeni. Sizophinde sithole ukuthi yiziphi izinkomba zamazinga kashukela ezijwayelekile, nokuthi izinguquko ezijwayelekile zikuthinta kanjani umzimba.

Amazinga Ushukela kanye Nesifo Sikashukela

“Ushukela egazini” yigama elivamile lesilinganiso se-glucose esiphela ku-plasma ejikeleza emithanjeni.

Eqinisweni, inani eliphakeme le-glucose engalapheki ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwesifo sikashukela - i-metabolic pathology. Lesi sifo, empeleni, sinezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuthuthuka nezimpawu ezihlanganisiwe, kepha inkomba enkulu “ushukela ophakeme”.

I-glucose yegazi inani elidingwa ngabashukela ukuze babheke njalo (ukulinganisa kanye nokulandela izinkomba).

Ukuqapha amazinga e-carbohydrate kungenye yezinto eziphambili zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela.
Ingxenye yesibili ukwelashwa kwe-insulin (uma kukhonjiswa odokotela). I-insulin yi-hormone elawula amazinga kashukela. Esikhathini sikashukela, i-insulin emzimbeni ayanele, noma amaseli awasabeli kahle.

Kokubili ushukela we-plasma ophakeme futhi ophansi akafiseleki ngokulinganayo emzimbeni, kepha uma ukuswelakala kweglucose kungaqedwa kalula ezimweni eziningi, khona-ke izinga eliphakeme lama-carbohydrate liyingozi enkulu.

Kwesinye isikhathi, kudingeka imishanguzo ejwayelekile yokulungisa i-hyperglycemia: abantu abanesifo sikashukela esithuthukisiwe benza imijovo ye-insulin engapheli: lokhu kuqeda ukungaphezulu kwe-carbohydrate. Esigabeni sokuqala, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zingaqedwa ngokudla okulinganiselayo nokulungiswa kokuzivocavoca komzimba.

I-metabolism yama-carbohydrate emzimbeni

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-glucose emzimbeni ukuhlinzeka ngamaseli nezicubu zamandla ngezinqubo ezibalulekile zomzimba.

Kukholelwa ukuthi amangqamuzana ezinzwa adinga i-glucose emsulwa kakhulu kunakho konke, kodwa empeleni, alukho uhlelo olulodwa lomzimba olungenza ngaphandle kwama-carbohydrate.

Sifaka kuhlu izakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu zomzimba we-ushukela emzimbeni womuntu:

I-glucose ingena emithanjeni yegazi iphuma emathunjini nasezibindini (i-glycogen ikhona esibindini - isitolo se-polysaccharide, esetshenziswa njengoba kudingeka);
Uhlelo lokujikeleza luphethe ushukela emzimbeni wonke - ngalokho, amangqamuzana nezicubu kunikezwa amandla;
Ukufakwa kweglucose egazini kudinga ukuba khona kwe-insulin, ekhiqizwa yi-pancreatic β-cell;
Ngemuva kokudla, izinga likashukela likhuphuka kubo bonke abantu - kepha kubantu abaphilile lokhu kwanda akunakubaluleka futhi akuhlali isikhathi eside.

Umzimba ulawula njalo ukugxilwa kwe-glucose egazini, kugcina i-homeostasis (ibhalansi). Uma ukulingana kungatholakali, futhi ukwehluleka okunjalo kwenzeka njalo, ama-endocrinologists akhuluma ngokuba khona kwesifo sikashukela - i-pathology enkulu yezinqubo ze-metabolic.

Kungani kubalulekile ukwazi izinga lakho loshukela

Isimo lapho amazinga kashukela ephakeme abizwa ngokuthi yi-hyperglycemia, futhi isilinganiso esinciphile se-glucose sibizwa nge-hypoglycemia.

Ukuthola izinga lakho, ukuhlaziya okukodwa akwanele. Kuyadingeka ukuqhuba amasampula amaningana ngezinsuku ezihlukene nangezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosuku, kanye nesisu esingenalutho nangemva kokudla. Uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa njalo ukuthi "ushukela uphakanyisiwe," kunazo zonke izizathu zokusola isifo sikashukela.

E-Russia, ushukela wegazi ulinganiswa ngamamilimitha ngelitha (mmol / l). E-Europe nase-USA, izilinganiso zenziwa kuma-milligrams nge-desilita (mg / dts). Akunzima ukuhumusha izinkomba ezithile kwezinye: I-1 mmol / L ingu-18 mg / dl.

Izinga likashukela kudala laziwa -3.9-5 mmol / l

Ngemuva kokudla ihora, lezi zibalo ziphakeme kancane (5.1-5.3). Ebantwini abaphilile, okuqukethwe i-glucose kuyahluka ngaphakathi kwale mikhawulo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi (lapho umuntu edla kakhulu ngama-carbohydrate asheshayo) angafika ku-7 mmol / l. Kuma-diabetes, izinkomba ezingenhla kwe-7 kuya kweziyi-10 zithathwa njengezinga elamukelekayo. Ngamanani anjalo, ukwelashwa okukhethekile akuqokwa njalo, kukhawulelwe ekudleni. Uma izinga lingaphezulu kwe-10, odokotela baphakamisa umbuzo wokulungiswa kwezidakamizwa.

Yini okudingeka wonke umuntu azi ngamazinga kashukela:

Amanani kashukela we-plasma ayalingana kuyo yonke iminyaka nabesilisa;
Ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-40, kungakuhle ukuthi uhlole okuqukethwe ushukela njalo ngonyaka;
Ukudla okune-carbohydrate ephansi kuyindlela yokuvimbela isifo sikashukela;
Isifo sikashukela asenzeki ngokushesha - imvamisa i-prediabetes iyandulelela: lesi simo singabuye silungiswe ngokudla okulinganiselayo.

Ama-glucose surges kanye nokwelashwa kwe-insulin yimiphumela engenakugwenywa yesifo sikashukela ezigabeni ezithuthukile zalesi sifo. Kuze kube manje, umuthi awukwazi ukwelapha ushukela ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, uma ulandela ukudla, ubhekisisa njalo futhi ungaphuthelwa imijovo, ungazigwema izimpawu ezinzima ze-hyperglycemia nezinkinga ezibangelwa amazinga kashukela angenhla.

I-Sugar Imbalance: Imiphumela

Noma yikuphi ukungalingani okuqhubekayo (i-homeostasis) emzimbeni kuholela ku-pathology. Okuhlukile akulona ushukela.

I-Hyperglycemia ne-hypoglycemia kubangela ukubonakaliswa kobuhlungu, okuvame ukuholela ezinkingeni noma ekukhubazekeni okungalapheki.

Ushukela omningi

Inkolelo ethandwayo yokuthi isifo sikashukela singumphumela wokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamaswidi akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, kodwa ngokuqinisekile iqukethe okusanhlamvu okunengqondo.

Njengoba ushukela ukhuphuka kancane, i-insulin nayo ikhiqizwa kancane. Kodwa lapho ngenxa yenani elikhulu lokudla okune-carbohydrate amaningi, inani elilinganisayo lamangqamuzana kashukela lingena egazini, umzimba uphendula ngokwanda kwe-insulin ukuze kwehle ushukela.

Uma ushukela nokuhlaselwa kwe-insulin kuqhubeka njalo iminyaka eminingana, ama-pancreas ayovele aphele. Umzimba uzokhipha i-insulin engonakele noma inani elincane le-hormone elingakwazi ukubhekana noshukela ongena emzimbeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkomba ye-glycemic ephezulu, umuntu uthuthukisa isimo esibizwa ukumelana ne-insulin: umlutha weselula we-insulin kanye nokuntuleka kokuphendula okufanele kwe-receptor. Ukumelana nokuba khona isikhathi eside kungaguqula futhi kube yisifo sikashukela sohlobo II.

"Ushukela ophakeme" - hhayi njalo inkomba yesifo sikashukela. Kwesinye isikhathi ushukela omningi ungabangelwa:

Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ezithile (corticosteroids, antidepressants);
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal;
Ukutheleleka
Ukucindezelwa okungapheli;
I-Pathologies ye-pituitary gland.

Izimpawu eziphambili ze-hyperglycemia ukoma, ukuchama ngokushesha, isikhumba esomile, ukubona okufiphele, ukozela, ukuthambekela kwezifo, ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba okungalunganga. Zonke lezi zibonakaliso zikhombisa isigaba esithuthukayo se-metabolic pathology. Amazinga kashukela aphakama ngokungadingekile aholela ekubhujisweni kwemithambo yegazi, umsebenzi wezinzwa ongasebenzi kahle, umbono ophansi, i-neuropathy (ukulimala kwezinzwa).

Izinkinga eziyingozi kakhulu nezinga likashukela ephezulu: i-hyperglycemic coma, ketoacidosis (ubuthi bomzimba ngemikhiqizo ye-carbohydrate metabolism).

Ushukela ophansi

I-Hypoglycemia ivame ukubangelwa ukungondleki okwanele noma okungafanele, imithwalo eyeqile (ngokomzimba nangokomqondo). Ukudla okunenkomba ye-glycemic ephezulu (amaswidi kanye nama-carbohydrate asheshayo) ekuqaleni kwenyusa izinga likashukela, kepha bese kuvusa ukwehla ngokushesha, okuholela emiphumeleni ye-pathological.

"Ushukela ophansi" oqinile:

ubuqili
ubuthakathaka
ukozela
ikhanda
ukushuba kwemilenze
indlala engapheli.

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypoglycemia ejwayelekile kungukudla okufanele kokudla okuthile ngezikhathi ezithile ezimfushane.

Wonke umuntu udinga ukulawula inkomba ye-glycemic, kepha ikakhulukazi abantu abanesifo sikashukela. Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokugcina i-homeostasis ukulandela ukudla, ulungisa okuqukethwe kwe-carbohydrate kwimenyu, nokuxilongwa njalo emtholampilo.

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