Ushukela 5.3 - ingabe kuyinto eyejwayelekile noma eningi? Ezenzweni zokwelapha, sekusungulwe isici esinquma izinkomba ezamukelekayo zoshukela emzimbeni womuntu. Imvamisa, uma umkhawulo ophansi we-glucose ungekho ngaphansi kwamayunithi angama-3.3, kepha ungabi ngaphezu kwama-5.5 amayunithi.
Ngakho-ke, inkomba kashukela kuz amayunithi angama-5.3 iyinani elijwayelekile elingeqi isilinganiso esejwayelekile sezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, izibalo zithi kubantu abanempilo eningi lezithombe, ushukela wegazi uhluka kusuka kumayunithi angama-4,4 kuya kwayi-4,8.
Ukuqoqwa koshukela emzimbeni womuntu kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinquma ukusebenza komzimba wonke njengokuphelele. Futhi ukuphambuka kokujwayelekile kunoma yimaphi amaqembu kukwenze uqaphele.
Kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani umthetho we-glucose egazini, futhi ngabe kukhona umehluko ngokwesilinganiso samadoda, abesifazane nezingane? Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi futhi imiphumela ihlelwa kanjani?
Indima kashukela
Uma bekhuluma ngoshukela emzimbeni, sisho igama lasekhaya ngoshukela. Futhi le nto isebenza njengengxenye eyinhloko eqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphelele kwazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo, okungukuthi, inesibopho sokusebenza okujwayelekile kwesitho somzimba wonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchopho abukwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kwe-glucose, kanti ukuntuleka kwalolutho kuholela ekuvinjelweni komsebenzi wobuchopho kanye nolunye ushintsho olubi emzimbeni womuntu. Isistimu yobuchopho yamukela kuphela ushukela, ongeke uthathelwe indawo nganoma yisiphi i-carbohydrate analogues.
Manje yini ushukela? Iglucose yinto eyisisekelo samandla ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimba womuntu. Ikakhulu, ushukela uhlinzeka amandla kuzo zonke “izinto” - lokhu kungqondo, zonke izitho zangaphakathi, amaseli, izicubu ezithambile.
Njengoba umzimba womuntu uyindlela yokuzimela, yona uqobo ilawula inani elifunekayo loshukela. Uma ngasizathu simbe kunokusilela koshukela, khona-ke ukuze kutholakale amandla adingekayo, umzimba uthatha izicubu ezinamafutha njengesisekelo, ezizama ukugcina ukusebenza okugcwele.
Kodwa-ke, lapho kuhlukaniswa izinhlanganisela ezinamafutha, okunye ukusabela kuyabonakala, kukhululwa izidumbu ze-ketone, okuyizinto eziyingozi eziyinkimbinkimbi yomzimba nobuchopho.
Isibonelo esinqabile salesi simo se-pathological yizingane ezincane, ngesikhathi sokugula, ezichayeka ngokweqile kanye nobuthakathaka, futhi ukuhlaselwa isicanucanu, ukuhlanza nezinye izimpawu zivame ukutholakala.
Lesi simo siqashelwa ngesizathu sokuthi umzimba awunawo amandla anele, uzama ukuwuthola kusuka kwizicubu ze-adipose, kepha lapho sekutholakala izidumbu ze-ketone, okuholela ekunxilisweni komzimba.
Ukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ushukela ukudla ukudla. Ingxenye enkulu kashukela ihlala esibindini, okuphumela ekwakhekeni kwe-glycogen.
Futhi kuleso sikhathi lapho umzimba udinga amandla, i-glycogen iguqulwa ibe ushukela.
Ngabe ulawulwa kanjani ushukela emzimbeni?
Ukulawula ushukela ezingeni elidingekayo, udinga inani elifanele le-hormone - i-insulin, ekhiqizwa ngamanyikwe.
Uma kunoshukela omningi egazini, okungukuthi ngaphezu kokujwayelekile, khona-ke ukusebenza kwamanyikwe kuyanda, kukhona ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwe-insulin.
I-insulin yinto eqinisekisa ukuthathwa koshukela ezingeni lamaselula, isebenze ukukhiqizwa kwe-glycogen esibindini kusuka kuyo. Njengomphumela, kukhona ukuncipha kweshukela kanye nokujwayelekile kwalo ezingeni elifanele.
Isitha esikhulu se-insulin ye-hormone kungenye i-pancreatic hormone ebizwa ngokuthi yi-glucagon. Uma izinga likashukela emzimbeni lehla, khona-ke kukhiqizwa ngamanani amakhulu.
I-Glucagon ithuthukisa ukuqhekeka kwe-glycogen esibindini, ngenxa yalokho ushukela ongena egazini. Ama-hormone e-Adrenal - i-adrenaline ne-norepinephrine angasiza ukwandisa ushukela wegazi.
Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ukuthi kunama-hormone amaningi aholela ekhuphukeni koshukela wegazi, kepha kune-hormone eyodwa kuphela eqinisekisa ukuncipha kwayo.
Amazinga kashukela ajwayelekile kubantu abadala
Izinkomba zokuhlushwa kwe-glucose azixhomekile ebulilini bomuntu, ngakho-ke bazoba okufanayo kubamele ubulili obunamandla nobuthakathaka. Kodwa-ke, kanye nokuzimela ebulilini, kunezindlela ezithile zobudala.
Ukuhlola uketshezi lwebhayoloji kashukela, amasampula egazi enziwa esiswini esingenalutho, kuyilapho kunganconywa ukuthi kudliwe okungenani amahora ayi-10 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa uqobo. Uma isiguli sine-pathologies yokutheleleka, khona-ke lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni yamanga.
Uma umuntu enikela ngegazi ngoshukela, kepha kunezifo ezikhona, udinga ukwazisa udokotela ngalokhu. Lapho udokotela emala imiphumela, nakanjani uzokucabanga ngalesi sici.
Izici zemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi:
- Uma isampula yegazi yenziwa kusuka emunweni, khona-ke amanani ajwayelekile wokugxila koshukela ahlukahluka kusuka kumayunithi angama-3.3 kuya kwangama-5.5 esiswini esingenalutho. Ngemuva kokulayisha ushukela kumuntu ophilile, ushukela akufanele udlule emngceleni wamayunithi angama-7.8.
- Lapho i-biological fluid ithathwa emthanjeni, ukuhlukahluka kusuka kumayunithi angama-4.0 kuye kwangama-6.1 ngesisu esingenalutho kubonakala njengezinkomba ezijwayelekile zegazi le-venous.
- Uma esiswini esingenalutho amazinga kashukela wegazi afinyelela kumayunithi angama-7,0, udokotela uyoxilonga isimo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela. Lokhu akusona isifo sikashukela, kepha konke kuya kulokho.
- Ngemiphumela yoshukela emadodeni nakwabesifazane abadlula amayunithi angama-7.0, singakhuluma ngesifo sikashukela esigcwele.
Ngokungajabulisi, isifundo esisodwa kuphela asiphakamisi noma yiziphi izimo ze-pathological emzimbeni womuntu. Uma kunokusolwa kwe-prediabetes noma isifo sikashukela, udokotela uncoma ukuthi kwenziwe ezinye izivivinyo.
Isibonelo, isivivinyo sokuhlaselwa ushukela. Uma umphumela ungamayunithi angama-7,8, lapho-ke ungakuphikisa ukusola kokugula. Esimweni lapho ucwaningo lukhombise umphumela kusuka kumayunithi angama-7.8 kuya kwayi-11.1, singakhuluma nge-prediabetes, nangengozi enkulu yokuba nesifo sikashukela.
Uma ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela i-glucose kubonise umphumela wamaayunithi ayi-11.1, nezinye izivivinyo zikhombisa amanani we-overestimated, khona-ke singakhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela.
Ukukhulelwa kanye namazinga kashukela
Ngesikhathi sokuzala kwengane, umzimba ufakwa umthwalo ophindwe kabili, ngoba idinga ukuhlinzeka amandla hhayi kowesifazane osesikhundleni, kodwa futhi ukufaka isandla ekukhuleni okuvamile kwe-intrauterine kwengane.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, owesifazane uzwa kakhulu umuzwa we-insulin, ngenxa yalokho amanani eglucose emzimbeni ngalesi sikhathi angakhuphuka kancane.
Ngakho-ke, kuvamile impela uma umkhawulo ophezulu kashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa un amayunithi ayi-6.1-6.2, futhi umkhawulo ophansi weglucose uqhamuka amayunithi angama-3.8. Uma ushukela mkhulu kuno-6.2 mmol / L, kunconywa ukuhlolwa kweglucose glucose.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala kwengane, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo somzimba wakho, unake ngokukhethekile noma yiziphi izimpawu ezivele ngokuzumayo nokuphambuka okungenzeka kusuka kokujwayelekile.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa esingamaviki angama-24 kuye kwangama-28 isikhathi lapho ukumelana okukhulu kwe-hormone elilawula ushukela wegazi kungakhula khona. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, isiguli sihlakulela isifo sikashukela somzimba.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, isithombe singakhula ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ziyanyamalala, izinkomba zikashukela zijwayelekile ngokwejwayelekile ezingeni elidingakalayo zodwa.
- Uhlobo 2 sikashukela luyakhula.
Ngaphandle kokuthi indlela yesibili iyisigameko esingajwayelekile, kusanconywa ukuthi ubheke impilo yakho, vakashela udokotela njalo futhi uyohlolwa. Iqembu lengcuphe lifaka ubulili obulungile, owazala umntwana ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-4,5.
Futhi futhi labo besifazane abathi, ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwengane, bathola isisindo ngokweqile samakhilogremu ayi-17 afakiwe futhi ephakeme.
Kunezimpawu eziningi ezibonisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Sibonisa izimpawu ezivame kakhulu:
- Ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla, umuzwa ongapheli wendlala.
- Ukuchama kaningi futhi okuvamisile, ukukhuphuka kwamandla athile omchamo ngosuku.
- Isifiso njalo sokuphuza.
- Ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi.
Ngokwesibonakaliso esisodwa, akunakwenzeka ukuthola isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Kulokhu, ukuze aphikise noma aqinisekise ukucatshangelwa, udokotela uncoma ukuthatha ukuhlolwa komchamo nokuhlolwa kwegazi.
Ngokwanda ushukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kumele kuncishiswe kancane kancane. Lokhu kuzosiza ukudla okune-carb ephansi, umsebenzi olula womzimba, ukugeza njalo okupholile.
Izingane kanye noshukela ejwayelekile
Ezinganeni, amanani ashukela ajwayelekile ahlukile kumanani wabantu abadala. Enganeni engaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala, amanani ajwayelekile angaphansi kwabadala nasezinganeni zasenkulisa.
Ushukela wegazi kuze kube unyaka owodwa enganeni uyahlukahluka kusuka kumayunithi angama-2.8 kuya kwangama-4,4, futhi lokhu kuyinto evamile esiswini esingenalutho. Ushukela osegazini aze afike eminyakeni emihlanu usukela kumayunithi angama-3.3 kuya kwayi-5.0. Kuze kube iminyaka engu-11, izinkomba zikashukela zisukela kumayunithi angama-3.3 kuya kwangama-5.2. Ngaphezulu kwalonyaka, amanani afaniswa namapharamitha amadala.
Uma ushukela wegazi lomntwana esiswini esingenalutho ukhuphuka waya kumayunithi angama-6.1, lokhu kuyimbangela yokukhathazeka. Kepha ngokusho kokunye ukuhlaziya, kusesekuseni kakhulu ukukhuluma nganoma yini, ngakho-ke ingane inconyelwa ukuthi ihlolwe ukuthi ihlasela ushukela egazini.
Imininingwane mayelana noshukela ezinganeni:
- I-Pathology ingakhula enganeni kungakhathalekile iminyaka yayo.
- Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi izimfanelo zesifo "esimnandi" siqhamuke ngesikhathi sokuthomba, kanye nasebusheni.
Ngeshwa, ngaphandle kokuthuthuka kwemithi yesimanje, akukaze kube manje ukuthola izimbangela ngqo eziholela ekuthothweni kweglucose engalapheki ohlotsheni lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, kuvezwa izici eziqondile ezingavusa lesi sifo.
Imvamisa isifo sikashukela sitholakala ezinganeni ezinomlando wama-pathologies athelelekayo. Ukugxila kwe-glucose engasebenzi kahle ebuntwaneni kuholela ekungondleki kahle lapho izingane zisebenzisa ukudla okuningi kwe-carbohydrate.
Udinga ukwazi ukuthi isifo sikashukela sizuzwe njengelifa, ngokwesibonelo, uma bobabili abazali benesifo sikashukela, khona-ke amathuba okuthola ukugula kwengane kungaphezu kwama-25%. Uma umzali oyedwa kuphela enesifo sikashukela, khona-ke ingozi icishe ibe yi-10%.
Uma isifo sitholakala kwelinye lamawele, khona-ke ingane yesibili isengozini, futhi amathuba e-pathology asondela ku-50%.
Ushukela ophansi
Isifo sikashukela siwubhubhane lomhlaba wanamuhla. Izibalo zezokwelapha zithi le ndlela yokusebenza yesithathu yiyona evame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Isifo sikashukela uqobo asisongeli ngqo impilo yeziguli, kepha izinkinga eziningi ziholela ekukhubazekeni nasekufeni.
Ngeshwa, noma welapha ngokwanele futhi linekhono ngokwengeziwe, awunakususa lesi sifo. Isisekelo sempilo ejwayelekile siyisinxephezelo sikashukela, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi sinciphise izinkomba ze-glucose ezingeni elidingakalayo, futhi uligcine lingakapheli lemingcele.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kuya ngohlobo. Ngohlobo lokuqala, ukuphathwa kwe-insulin okuphuthumayo kuyanconywa, futhi lokhu kwelashwa kungokwempilo yonke. Umthamo, ukukhethwa kwezidakamizwa kanye nemvamisa yokuphathwa kwaso kunconyelwa udokotela oholayo, ecabanga ngazo zonke izinto.
Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela lubonakala ngokuzimela kwe-insulin, futhi ukwelashwa kwalo kungenziwa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukwelashwa kokudla ushukela nokudla izikhathi ezingama-5-6 ngosuku.
- Ukulawulwa njalo koshukela njalo.
- Umsebenzi omuhle womzimba.
Uma izinto ezingenhla zingasizi ekubuyiseleni i-pathology, khona-ke udokotela unquma amaphilisi okwehlisa ushukela wegazi. Ukuzilolonga kukhombisa ukuthi ngokuhambisana nokudla nemidlalo, kungenzeka uthole isinxephezelo esihle.
Ngokufingqa, singaphetha ngokuthi indlela ejwayelekile yoshukela kubantu abadala ingu-3.3-5.5. Uma ukuphambuka kuye phezulu kuya kumayunithi angama-7,0 kubhekwa, khona-ke singakhuluma nge-prediabetes. Esimweni lapho ushukela wokuzila ungaphezu amayunithi angama-7.0 - lokhu kukhombisa isifo sikashukela.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko ikhuluma ngamazinga kashukela wegazi futhi inikeza izincomo zokunciphisa ukugxila kweglucose.
