ISIFO SOKUQAQAMBA KWESIFO SIKASHUKELA - IZINKINGA KANYE NEZIFO

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I-Atherossteosis ingesinye sezifo zokuqala ezihlanganisa inkambo yesifo sikashukela.

Izinguquko ze-pathological zenzeka emithanjeni yegazi ngenxa yezinguquko ekwakhekeni kwegazi. Imikhumbi iba brittle, sclerotic, kanye nesifo sikashukela.

Yiziphi izici zezifo zesifo sikashukela? Ungakuvimbela noma ukunciphisa kanjani ukubonakaliswa kwe-atherosulinosis kushukela?

Kwakhiwa kanjani i-atherossteosis?

I-Atherossteosis yisifo semithambo yegazi, ikakhulukazi imithambo yegazi, ebonakala ngokuvezwa kwama-cholesterol plaques (ukukhula) ezindongeni.

Yini i-cholesterol plaque futhi kungani imfundo yayo imbi?

Izindawo ze-cholesterol: kuyini?

Kuqala, kufakwa iplagi eline-sclerotic kusuka kumafutha anamathela, afana ne-semolina ngokungaguquguquki. Kamuva, amadiphozithi omzimba ambozwa ngezicubu ezithintekayo.

Ukwanda okungalungile kwezicubu ezithintekayo emithini kubizwa ngokuthi "yi-sclerosis." Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi i-vascular atherosclerosis.

Kudingeka izimo ezimbili ekwakhekeni kwama-sclerotic amana:

Ukuhlushwa okukhulu kwe-cholesterol egazini.
Ukuba khona kokungahambi kahle noma ukulimala kwangaphakathi, ukuvuvukala kwengqimba engaphakathi yomkhumbi. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwenza ukwakheka kokunamathela, kepha futhi kudala izimo zokukhula kwayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi izicubu zangaphakathi ezihlanganayo zemithambo yegazi (i-endothelium) esimweni esiphilile zivimbela ukungena okujulile kwe-cholesterol enolaka. Ukulimala kwe-endothelium kungenzeka ngezizathu eziningana. Isibonelo, ekucindezelweni okuphezulu (ngenhla kwe-140/90 mm Hg) imikhumbi ithola ama-microtraumas futhi yakha inethiwekhi yama-microcracks ngaphezulu kwangaphakathi. Kula ma-micro-irregularities, i-cholesterol esetshenzisiwe ibambezelekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukubekeka kukhula ngokujula nobubanzi, ama-calcine, aba nokuqina. Endaweni yokukhula kwamafutha, ukuqina kwemikhumbi kuyashintsha. Udonga lomkhumbi nalo lubala, lube lukhuni, luphele nokuqina kanye nekhono lokwelula. Isikhathi sokukhula kwe-plaque sithatha iminyaka eminingana futhi esikhathini sokuqala akubangeli ukungaphatheki kahle.

Ukwakhiwa kwamangqamuzana nobumba: kungani kubi lokhu?

Okokuqala, i-cholesterol ifaka i-lumen ye-vascular futhi iphazamise ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile. Ukuntuleka kwegazi kwakha indlala yomoya-mpilo wezitho ezahlukahlukene nokususa ubuthi obanele kumaseli. Lokhu kuthinta ukwehla kokungazinzi jikelele, amandla, ukukhathala, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda esingesihle. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokukhula, i-plaque ivimba ngokuphelele umkhumbi, ivimbele ukuhamba kwegazi futhi ibangele izicubu ze-tisc necrosis.
Okwesibili, amanye ama-plaque avela ngezikhathi ezithile futhi, kanye nomfudlana wegazi, aqala ukuhamba ngohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi. Lapho umkhanyo womkhumbi ungakhuli ngokwanele, ukuqhuma okungazelelwe kwenzeka. Igazi liyayeka ukugelezela ezicutshini nasezitho zomzimba, i-necrosis yabo iqala (necrosis). Ngakho-ke, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuyakheka (uma ukuqhuma kwenzeka emthanjeni wegazi), i-gangrene eyomile yesifo sikashukela (uma izikejana zezingaphethekiyo bezivinjelwe).

I-Atherossteosis ibhekwa njengesinye sezifo zaleli khulu leminyaka.

Izinguquko ze-sclerotic emikhunjini zitholakala kwinani elikhulu labantu emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, kuma-diabetes, athuthuka ngesivinini esikhulu futhi ngokushesha abangela isidlo sezinkinga ezilandelayo:

isifo senhliziyo
ukuphazamiseka kwegazi ezithweni,
izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokuvuvukala.

Kungani ushukela esheshisa ukwakheka kwama-cholesterol amana ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi?

Izici ze-atherosclerosis kuma-diabetes

Kuyini i-cholesterol ephezulu nephansi?

I-cholesterol emzimbeni womuntu yinto ebalulekile yokwakha. Kuqukethe imicu yeseli nemicu yezinzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cholesterol lipids

ubambe iqhaza ekwenziweni kwama-hormone ne-bile,
xhuma ama-corticosteroids,
asize ukumuncwa kuka-vithamini D.

Amafutha angena emzimbeni afakwa i-oxidis esibindini futhi adluliswa ngegazi ngabaningi be-lipoprotein ephezulu. Le nqubo ihlinzeka ngemisebenzi ebhalwe phansi yokwakha ulwelwesi nokwazisa ngamavithamini.

Uma amafutha amaningi kakhulu engena emzimbeni womuntu, awunaso isikhathi sokukhipha i-oxid bese engena egazini kanye nama-lipoprotein aphansi. Yile ndlela yamafutha afakwa odongeni lwemithambo yegazi namafomu.

Ngabe i-insulin ne-glucose idlala yiphi indima ku-metabolism yamafutha?

I-glucose engena egazini iyadingeka ngamaseli wezitho ezahlukahlukene ukuze athole ukusekelwa kwamandla.

Ushukela omningi ugcinwa esibindini njenge-glycogen. Lapho ukuhlangana kweglucose esibindini kufinyelela ku-6% wesisindo sayo, ukwakheka kwe-glycogen kuyama. Amanye ushukela acutshungulwa abe ngama-asidi anamafutha bese athuthwa ngomjelo wegazi ezindaweni zokugcina (ngale ndlela amafomu amadiphozithiwe).

Amafutha nawo ayindlela yohlobo lwamandla agodliwe, ngakho-ke okungaphezulu kugcinwa kwizicubu ze-adipose.

I-insulin ivuselela ukwakheka kwamafutha, ukuguqulwa kwawo kube yifomu yokugaya (ama-density lipoproteins aphezulu).

Ngakho-ke, ukuntuleka kwe-insulin akhuphulisi ushukela wegazi kuphela, kodwa futhi kuphazamisa ukumuncwa kwamafutha. Emzimbeni womuntu, amafutha atholakala ku-oxidation esibindini ayabanjwa futhi agcinwe, ayabizwa density lipoproteins.

Ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin, amafutha aphansi kwabantu (lipoproteins) angena egazini, akha i-cholesterol deposits ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Kungakho ngesifo sikashukela, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi sisuka ngokuxhuma kanye nangemingcele futhi sakha ama-pathologies ahlukahlukene esistimu yethambo.

Isymia yesifo sikashukela i-asymptomatic

Isici se-atherosclerosis ku-diabetesics yinkambo evamile yezinkinga ze-asymptomatic.

Isibonelo, isifo senhliziyo (coronary inhliziyo isifo) siyinkimbinkimbi ye-atherosclerosis, lapho imithambo elahlekelwe kakhulu ingakwazi ukwandisa futhi kudlule ukuhamba kwegazi okwandayo kuya emisipha yenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba. Imisipha yenhliziyo (myocardium) ibhekana nendlala yomoya-mpilo. Ngenkambo ende yesifo sikashukela nokushoda kwe-oxygen isikhathi eside, kwakheka izindawo ze-necrosis emisipha engenakho ukuzwela.

Ngakho-ke, abantu abanesifo sikashukela bavame ukuba nesifo senhliziyo esine-coronary ngaphandle kwezimpawu zobuhlungu, kuze kufinyelele ekuhlaselweni yisifo senhliziyo.

Izindlela zokwelashwa nokuvimbela i-atherosulinosis kushukela

Ukwelashwa nokuvinjwa kwezinkinga ze-atherosclerosis ku diabetesics kufanele kube okuqhubekayo. Yimiphi imishanguzo edluliselwa udokotela?

Kwehlisa i-cholesterol (i-fibrate, ama-statins).
Ukuqiniswa okujwayelekile: amavithamini.
Ukulwa nokuvuvukala (uma kukhonjisiwe).

Ukuvimbela i-atherosclerosis kubambezela ukubhujiswa kwemithambo yegazi futhi kususelwa kulezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

Ukudla okuphansi kwe-carb.
Ukulawulwa kweshukela egazini.
Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi (ukungavumeli ukwanda kwayo kube ngaphezulu kwe-130/80 mm RT. Art.).
Ukulawulwa kwe-cholesterol yegazi (hhayi ngaphezu kwe-5 mol / l).
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba.
Ukuhlolwa nsuku zonke kwezitho nezikhumba.

Kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli ezitholakala zinesifo sikashukela zazi ngezinkinga zesifo zazo. Ukuhlehlisa ukubonakaliswa kwabo nokwelula isikhathi sempilo yakhe ephelele.

Musa ukubeka impilo yakho kuze kube kamuva! Ukukhetha kwamahhala nokuqokwa nodokotela:

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