ISIFO SIKASHUKELA KANYE NAMANYIKWE

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Azikho izinto ezingabalulekile emzimbeni womuntu. Uhlelo lwezitho noma i-gland eyodwa encane - inani labo liyalingana.

Izindlala ezinempilo ziyisisekelo sobukhona obungenazinkinga.

Kepha izindlala ziyehluka ngezitho zenhlangano enempilo nokuntuleka 'kwesifiso' sokuzilapha. Ukwehluleka kuzoqala kokukodwa - futhi konke okuphathelene nomzimba kuzohamba kungalungile.

Ngakho-ke ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreatic kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi yesifo sikashukela. Futhi konke ngoba yi-hormone eyodwa kuphela eyekayo ukukhiqizwa.

Sifunda kabanzi ngokuthi i-insulin izalwa kanjani nokuthi ifektri i- "Pancreas" fektri isebenza kanjani.

I-iron ezinemfihlo

Pancreas (ngemuva kwalokhu - Amanyikwe) kubhekisa ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, lusebenza ngokugaya ekusetshenzisweni kokudla kanye nasenqubo yokugaya umzimba. Uveza izinhlobo ezimbili zezimfihlo:

wokugaya ukudla enzyme pancreatic ijusi
amahomoni

Amanyikwe atholakala esikhaleni esibuyisele emuva esiswini. Itholakala ngemuva kwesisu, ithinta eduze i-duodenum, futhi ifinyelela emthanjeni. Amathumbu azungeza ikhanda lesikhumba, enza “ihhashi”. Ukusuka emuva, indawo inqunywa yi-I-II lumbar vertebrae.

I-Anatomy ihlukanisa lesi sitho esigcotshisiwe saba izingxenye ezintathu:

ikhanda
umzimba
umsila.

Kumuntu osemdala, ubude bama-pancreas lisuka ku-14 liye ku-22 cm, ubukhulu bawo bube malunga ne-3 cm, futhi isitho sinesisindo esingu-70-80 g.

Amaconsi osayizi abahlukahlukene adlula endlebeni bese engena ngaphakathi kwe-duodenum.
Umbala onempilo ubomvu grey.

Umsebenzi we-pancreatic

Umsebenzi we-Exocrine

Umsebenzi we-pancreas we-exo ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme asiza ukugaya ukudla futhi ahlukanise amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate namafutha kuwo.

I-Lipase, i-amylase ne-proteinase kuqukethwe imfihlo esobala (ijusi le-pancreatic), ekhiqizwa ngokubambisana yi-acini ye-pancreas kanye nemisele yayo.

I-Amylase iphula izingxenye ze-carbohydrate
I-Trypsin, trypsinogen ne-proteinase zinakekela amaprotheni
ILipase ithinta ukudla okunamafutha amaningi

Acini - amafomu oyindilinga (ama-microns ayi-100-150), aqukethe umnyango wezimfihlo (ifektri ye-enzyme) neduct yokufakelwa.

Ngosuku, i-pancreas iyakwazi ukukhiqiza amalitha angaphezu kwamabili kasawoti we-pancreatic ngesivinini esingu-4,7 ml ngomzuzu.

Isiginali sokuhlukaniswa kwama-enzyme yisitholi esisuka esiswini singene kwi-duodenum yemikhiqizo edalulwe ujusi wesisu. Ukukhiqizwa kwejusi ye-pancreatic kuthuthukiswa ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-2-3 ngemuva kokuqala kokudla futhi kuyaqhubeka kule modi kusuka emahoreni ayi-6 kuye kwayi-14.

Isikhathi sokuya ngokuya ngobungako kanye nohlobo lokudla. Ukuphakama kwe-acidity yokudla okwenziwa izimfihlo zesisu, kuzokhiqizwa ujusi omningi, onomthelela we-alkaline. Ku-duodenum 12, ititsa (i-alkalize) imikhiqizo yokugaya.

Ama-pancreas asebenza "ngokuhlelekile", okungukuthi, afaka i-enzyme, inani elikhulu kuyadingeka ukuthi kugaywe ngqo ukudla okuthunyelwe kusuka esiswini kuya e-duodenum ngaleso sikhathi.

Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-enzyme, amathumbu amancane athatha umsebenzi wokufaka esikhundleni salokho. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-carbohydrate ayaqhubeka ukudonswa ngesigqi esifanayo, futhi amafutha namaprotheni ahluleka.

Umsebenzi we-Endocrine

Phakathi kwe-acini kukhona iziqhingi pancreatic of Langerhans - Ingxenye ye-endocrine ye-gland. Amaseli we-insulin akha lezi ziqhingi akhiqiza:

insulin
glucagon
somatostatin
i-polypeptide yamathumbu esebenzayo (VIP)
i-pancreatic polypeptide

Kuma-pancreas amadala, kukhona iziqhingi ezingaba yizigidi ezingama-1-2.

Ama-pancreatic mahormone

Insulin

Ngaphandle kwe-insulin, izinqubo ze-metabolic kuwo wonke izicubu zomzimba zilahlekelwa yinhlangano yazo. Igazi lapho i-glucose lisongela ukwenyuka lithinteka ikakhulukazi.

I-insulin yenza ulwelwesi lwe-plasma livumeleke ku-glucose, ivuselele i-oxidation yayo (glycolysis) nokwakheka kwesimba lamandla womzimba - i-glycogen. Ngenxa ye-insulin, umzimba ukhiqiza ngokuqinile amafutha kanye namaprotheni futhi ungabeki phansi phansi kakhulu amafutha kanye ne-glycogen esanda kuvela ekudleni.

Imvamisa, i-insulin ikhiqizwa ngokwezinga le-glucose kwiplasma yegazi. Uma amaseli we-beta ama-pancreas enqaba ukukhiqiza i-insulin - kukhona uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela (ukuntuleka ngokuphelele kwe-insulin). Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 (ukusilela kwe-insulin) kwenzeka uma i-insulin ingasebenzi kahle ezicutshini.

I-Glucagon

Kukhiqizwa le hormone amaseli we-alpha pancreas, ngokushesha nje lapho kwehla kakhulu inani leshukela egazini. Isenzo saso siphambene nalokho kwe-insulin.

I-Glucagon idiliza i-glycogen enqwabelene yesibindi futhi ivuselele isibindi ekwakhekeni kwayo okwengeziwe. Futhi kwezinye izitho nasegazini, inani le-glucose lenyuka endabeni yemizuzu.

Ukungakwazi okwanele kwe-glucagon kuholela ku-hypoglycemia.

Somatostatin

I-hormone evimbela i-somatotropin (i-hormone yokukhula). Kunokuthuthuka kwesayensi okuphakamisa ukusheshiswa kokukhiqizwa kwe-somatostatin ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezimila ezinobungozi.

Kuma-pancreas, i-hormone inciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin neglucagon.

I-Pancreatic Polypeptide

Kuze kube manje, umsebenzi wayo awunakachazwa. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-PP inesibopho se-nerve "conduction" ye-gland kanye nokulawula i-parasympathetic regulation.

Izifundo zezinga le-PP zikuvumela ukuba uthole izifo ezahlukahlukene zamanyikwe.

I-polypeptide yamathumbu esebenzayo

Le polypeptide "iyazi ukuthi ingaphumuza kanjani imisipha ebushelelezi kuzo zonke izinhlelo - kusuka emithanjeni yegazi iye kuma-sphincters.

Ukuntuleka ngokuphelele kwe-insulin noma isihlobo, okusho ukuthi, ukwephula ukukhiqizwa kwayo, kuholela ekwandeni kwezinga le-glucose (ushukela) egazini liye ezingeni elibucayi. Amaseli we-pancreatic beta kufanele asolwe. Ukungasebenzi kwabo futhi kuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela.

Izingozi Namathuba

Ukugula kwesistimu yokugaya nemithambo yegazi, indlela yokuphila engalungile, nesizinda sokuxineka okuphezulu kuthinta ngqo i-pancreas, futhi ngenxa yalokho, iyenqaba ukukhiqiza i-hormone yayo eyinhloko.
I-Atherossteosis icasulula ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi. Indlela yokuphila ithinta izinqubo ze-metabolic.
Ukutheleleka kanye nama-hormone e-third-party kuvimbela umsebenzi we-pancreatic.
Ukweqile kwe-iron kanye nokushoda kwamaprotheni ne-zinc kubeka i-iron kokungenzi lutho.

Imijovo ejwayelekile ye-insulin isiza ukunxephezela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreatic. Kukhona ukulingisa kwenqubo yobunobhala.

Amadosi ayahlukahluka ngokuya ngesimo samanje se-carbohydrate metabolism, ukudla nemidlalo.

Kulokhu, kusungulwa imithamo ekhethekile: iyunithi engu-0,5 - 1 kilo ngalinye lesisindo ngosuku.
Izindlela ezithuthukayo zokusiza iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zibandakanya ukwethulwa kwe-basal (isenzo eside) kanye nama-insulin asebenza ngokufushane. Ama-basal alethwa ekuseni nakusihlwa, amafushane ngemuva kokudla ngakunye, ephethe ama-carbohydrate.

Isifo sikashukela asinakuphikwa. Ososayensi akuqinisekisi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kubuyiselwe emuva umsebenzi wokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kumanyikwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela izifo kuphumelela ngo-99% kunokwelashwa.

Ukuvimbela Isifo se-pancreatic

Isimo sokuqala sokusebenza kahle kwamanyikwe kungukudla okujwayelekile.

Ngokufanelekile, kunconywa ukuthi ungafaki ama-80% wamafutha ezilwane ezejwayelekile. Ukugaya kwabo kudinga i-gland ukuba isebenzise wonke amandla ayo futhi ikhulule inani eliphakeme lama-enzyme. Ukutholwa okuvikelekile njalo kwejusi le-pancreatic kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi indlala iqala ukuzigaya ngokwayo. Kukhona ukuvuvukala - i-pancreatitis. Ibizwa nangokuthi "isifo sotshwala."

I-Alcohol ibhula imikhumbi ekhipha amanyikwe futhi icaphukisa ukufa kwamangqamuzana akhiqiza ama-hormone. Uma kunezinkambiso ezisetshenzisiwe zevolumu ephuzile yotshwala kwesibindi, khona-ke kumancanyana kuncane kakhulu kangangokuba kungalinganiswa nomphimbo. Ikhathalela ikakhulukazi utshwala obunzima kwabesifazane. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi labo abavikela ama-pancreas abo bayeke utshwala nokubhema (njengenqubo eqhubekayo ye-vasoconstrictor) ngokuphelele.

Kuzoba lula ukuthi indlala ikhiqize inani elifanele lama-enzyme uma ukujwayela esimisweni.

Ezemidlalo, ukuthula nokudla kunika imiphumela emihle kakhulu yokuvimbela.

Okusho ukuthi, amanani athile okudla kufanele adliwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngasikhathi sinye. Inketho engcono kakhulu ukugcina inani lama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni namafutha kungashintshiwe nsuku zonke ukuze kudliwe ibhulakufesi, isidlo sasemini kanye nesidlo sakusihlwa.

Sinakekela konke esikubheka njengempahla yethu. Isikhathi sokufaka i-gland encane yamasentimitha ayi-12 kuhlu lwezindlu, izimoto nama-akhawunti wemali yakwamanye amazwe. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-pancreas enempilo ibiza kakhulu kunawo wonke amadiphozi nezinsimbi eziyigugu. Manje njengoba usuyazi ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani nokuthi yenzani, kuzoba lula kuwe ukuthi uyisindise ukuze ube nempilo egculisayo.

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