I-cholesterol iyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu nezilwane. Umuthi ubandakanyeka ezinqubweni eziningi zokuphila, uqukethe ulwelwesi lwamaseli, ukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone ocansi kanye nokufakwa kwamavithamini athile.
I-cholesterol ephezulu ivame ukutholakala nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ngempela, i-hyperglycemia engamahlalakhona ihlala ikhula ngokubhekisele emuva ngemuva kokwehluleka kwezinqubo ze-metabolic kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kokudla okungenamsoco.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, umsebenzi wezitho eziningi nezinhlelo eziningi uyacasuka. Kuphinde kwandise nengozi yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-lipid metabolism, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kwe-cholesterol eyingozi ezindongeni ze-vascular.
Ingozi ye-hypercholesterolemia ukuthi inomthelela ekuqubukeni kwe-myocardial infarction, unhlangothi, ukulahleka kwemilenze kanye nezifo ezibangelwa uhlelo lwezinzwa. Ngakho-ke, wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele azi ukuthi angalinciphisa kanjani izinga lekholesterol embi emzimbeni ngezindlela zezokwelapha nezabantu. Ukuzwisisa lokhu, uhlelo “Live Healthy” kanye nomphathi walo u-Elena Malysheva luzosiza.
Kuyini i-cholesterol futhi kungani ikhuphuka
I-Cholesterol ihlanganisa amagama ama-2: "holi" (bile) no "sterol" (eqinile). Ngaphandle kwalokhu, umsebenzi obalulekile womzimba awunakwenzeka - kuyingxenye yolwelwesi, ubamba iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwe-bile, nerve endings.
Emzimbeni womuntu, iningi le-cholesterol likhiqizwa esibindini. Ngakho-ke, iMalysheva ithi noma kusetshenziswa okuncane kokudla kwesilwane okunamafutha, into izolokhu isekelwa izitho zomzimba, ngoba ziyinto ebalulekile.
IMalysheva ku-cholesterol ithi iqukethe ama-lipoprotein anabantu abahlukahlukene. Uma ngabe le nkomba iphansi, khona-ke into ibhekwa njengeyingozi, ngoba ingakhuphula i-cholesterol nemikhumbi ye-clog. Futhi ama-lipoprotein aphezulu kwabantu, ngokuhlukile, akhipha i-cholesterol ezindongeni ze-vascular.
Ngokusebenza okujwayelekile, umzimba kufanele ube nesilinganiso esifanele se-LDL ku-HDL. Imvamisa i-atherossteosis ne-cholesterol ephakeme yegazi iphawulwa emadodeni.
Kwabesifazane, ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini, i-HDL yinto evamile. Ngakho-ke, izifo zenhliziyo ziqala ukuzikhathaza ngemuva kokuya esikhathini.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-cholesterol ifakiwe ezindongeni zeseli, igcina amanoni acid kuwo futhi yakha i-lipids. Kepha lapho ulwelwesi lonakele (ukubhema, ukucindezela, izifo), amafomu we-atherosranceotic plaque, anciphisa i-lumen ye-vascular.
Lapho i-plaque iqhuma, i-ligazi lingakheka, elivimba ngokuphelele lelo cala. Ngakho-ke kukhona i-myocardial infarction noma unhlangothi.
Izimbangela ze-cholesterol ephezulu:
- ukuhlukunyezwa kokudla okunamafutha okuvela kwimvelaphi yezilwane;
- isifo sesibindi
- imikhuba emibi (ukubhema, ukudakwa);
- impilo yokuhlala;
- ukukhuluphala
Izici zobungozi zibandakanya ukuguga, ukuqonda kofuzo, ubulili besilisa, kanye nesifo sikashukela.
Ungayinquma kanjani i-hypercholesterolemia kanye ne-atherosulinosis
Ohlelweni oluthi "Live Healthy" olumayelana ne-cholesterol, u-Elena Malysha uthi ungathola ukuthi i-cholesterol egazini isebenzisa izivivinyo ezintathu eziholayo. Ucwaningo lokuqala lukuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuqoqwa kwe-cholesterol ephelele egazini. Ngokwezindinganiso ze-WHO, inqubo yento esemzimbeni ifinyelela ku-5.2 mmol / l.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesibili okubalulekile kuveza inani lama-triglycerides. Lezi zinto ziyisigcawu esicebile esinamandla.
Ama-Triglycerides abizwa ngokuthi ama-surrogate markers of atherosclerosis, ngoba inani eliphakeme lalezi zinto libonakala ezigulini eziphethwe ukukhuluphala. Futhi ukukhuluphala kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokwakhiwa kwe-atherosulinosis, isifo sikashukela, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Kumuntu ophilile ongenaso isisindo ngokweqile, okuqukethwe okunamafutha egazini akufanele kudlule i-1.7 mmol / l.
Indlela yesithathu esiza ukuthola i-atherosulinosis ukuhlaziya kwesilinganiso se-LDL ne-HDL egazini. Isimo se-lipoprotein ephezulu (kwabantu cholesterol enhle) siyahlukahluka ngokuya ngobulili:
- kwabesilisa - 0,72-1.63 mmol / l;
- kwabesifazane - 0.86-2.28 mmol / l.
Izinkomba ezamukelekayo zezinga le-cholesterol eyingozi (LDL) egazini kwabesifazane ngu-1.92-4.51 mmol / L, nakwabesilisa - 2.02-4.79 mmol / L.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekutholakalweni kwe-hypercholesterolemia, ukuhlaziya kwenkomba ye-atherogenic kungabekwa. Uma inkomba ingaphansi kokuthathu, amafutha ayingozi asuswa emikhunjini eyedwa. Lapho inkomba ingaphezu kokuthathu, khona-ke ama-triglycerides, ngokungafani nalokho, aqongelela emikhunjini, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-atherossteosis.
Kodwa-ke, u-Elena Malyshe uxwayisa ukuthi ukunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol kuncike ekulungiseleleni okufanele. Ngaphambi kwesifundo, awukwazi ukudla, ukuphuza ikhofi noma itiye.
Futhi ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi komnikelo wegazi, odokotela abakukhuthazi ukudla inyama, ngisho nezinhlobo zokudla, njengenkomo, unogwaja noma inkukhu.
Ukudla okwehlisa i-cholesterol
Umuthi wanamuhla ufunda ngenkuthalo ukuthi ukudla kuthinta kanjani i-cholesterol yegazi. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi noma ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngosizo lokudla okufanele, ungafinyelela ukwehla kwe-LDL nge-10 - 15%.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukudla okunempilo kulwa nama-cholesterol aphezulu kuwo wonke amazinga. Babambezela ukumuncwa kotshwala obunamafutha emathunjini, banciphise ukukhiqizwa kwayo emzimbeni futhi basheshise inqubo yokuqedwa kwabo.
Umphathi wombukiso we-TV "Live Healthy" uthe kunemikhiqizo emithathu emihle kakhulu enganciphisa i-cholesterol ngokushesha. Esikhundleni sokuqala iBroccoli. Lolu hlobo lweklabishi lucebile ngemicu yama coarse, ebambezela ukumuncwa kwe-cholesterol eyingozi emathunjini ngo-10%.
Ifayibha ayimunwa noma igaywe uhlelo lokugaya ukudla. Iqoqa izinto ezinamafutha, imvilophu futhi izisuse ngokwemvelo emzimbeni. Ukwenza ngokwejwayelekile izinga le-HDL ne-LDL ngosuku, kunconywa ukuthi kudle cishe ama-400 g we-broccoli.
Umkhiqizo wesibili ovimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypercholesterolemia ama-oyster amakhowe. Ziqukethe i-statin yemvelo.
ILovastin, etholakala kumakhowe, njengemithi, yehlisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol emzimbeni. Umuthi futhi uvimba noma uvimbela ukukhula kwamathafa we-atherosselotic. Ukwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile i-cholesterol metabolism, kwanele ukudla amagremu ayi-10 e-oyster mushroom.
Umkhiqizo wesithathu wehlisa i-cholesterol embi yi-herring entsha engafakwanga. Kunama-acid aqukethe i-omega-3 enhlanzini eshintsha isilinganiso sabaphethe amaprotheni, ngenxa yokuthi ukugcwala kwe-cholesterol egazini kuyehla futhi kushiya umzimba.
Ukususa utshwala obunamafutha ngosuku, kufanele kudliwe u-100 g we-herring.
Ungasusa kanjani i-hypercholesterolemia
Ukwelashwa kwe-atherosclerosis ne-cholesterol ephezulu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-statins. Lezi izidakamizwa ezithinta izinqubo ze-metabolic esibindini. Izidakamizwa ezinhle kakhulu ezivela kuleli qembu yiSimvastatin neSimvastol.
UProfesa, udokotela wezenhliziyo nodokotela wesayensi uYu. N. Belenkov, omenyelwe ohlelweni oluthi "Live Healthy", uchaza ukuthi umphumela oqinile we-anticholesterol ungatholakala kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kwama-statins njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ofundayo ugxile ekutheni imithi kumele idakwe kusihlwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwe-cholesterol kwenzeka ekugcineni kosuku.
Uprofessor ubuye athi uma uthatha ama-statins, umthetho obalulekile kufanele ubonwe. Udokotela uthi kunesidingo sokuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwe-cholesterol, okuzovumela udokotela ozayo ukuba akhethe umthamo ophumelela kakhulu womuthi.
Ngaphezu kokuthatha ama-statins, uYuri Nikitich uphakamisa ukuphuza uNiacin. Lona umuthi osekelwe kwe-nicotinic acid owenza ukuthi i-lipid metabolism isebenze ngokwejwayelekile.
Kwesinye seziqephu zombukiso we-TV "Live Healthy," iToddler ukhulume ngethuluzi elisebenzayo elingalapha i-hypercholesterolemia. Lawa ngamaconsi e-Norivent ngokwemvelo enomphumela onzima emzimbeni.
Izinzuzo zeNorivent:
- kuvimbela ukubonakala kwezifo zohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo;
- ejwayelekile lipids kwegazi;
- izinza ibhalansi yamanzi;
- chaza amafutha nama-lipid amana, okufaka isandla ekunciphiseni isisindo.
Omunye umuthi ophumelelayo we-cholesterol onconywe ngu-Elena Malysheva yi-holidol. Ukulungiswa futhi kuqukethe izingxenye zemvelo ezivimbela ukwakheka kwama-atherosselotic plaque, kuqinisa imithambo yegazi, futhi kwandise ukungatheleleki komzimba.
Ezinye izindlela zokwehlisa i-cholesterol ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kokudla kanye nomsebenzi womzimba. Ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, i-plasmapheresis iyasetshenziswa. Le yinqubo ephumelelayo ekuvumela ukuthi uhlanze igazi lama-lipoprotein aphansi.
Esezinhlelweni zokusebenzisa, igazi lidluliswa ngolwelwesi, ngenxa yokuthi i-plasma ihlungiwe futhi ihlanzekile ngaphandle komzimba. Isikhathi senqubo yimizuzu engama-40, uma kunesidingo, senziwa njalo.
Njengokwelashwa okulekelelayo, ezinye izindlela zokupheka zingasetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, amakhambi anciphisa i-cholesterol yawo kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imikhiqizo nezitshalo zingathinta ukusebenza kwezidakamizwa, ngakho kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa.
Kule vidiyo ekulesi sihloko, uDkt Malysheva, kanye nochwepheshe, bazokhuluma nge-cholesterol nezindlela zokulungisa i-lipid metabolism.
