Ukuvezwa kwe-cholesterol ezindongeni zemithambo yamehlo kubizwa ngokuthi yi-atherosranceotic retinopathy. Ngalesi sifo, isiguli sikhononda ngamaphoyinti noma izindawo ezintantayo, umgubuzelo phambi kwamehlo, ukuncipha kwe-acuity ebonakalayo. Kunconywa ukwelapha isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yeso ngezidakamizwa ezenza i-cholesterol ejwayelekile, amavithamini, ama-angioprotectors, ama-anticoagulants.
Isidingo sokuthuthukisa lesi sifo yi-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili. Futhi, izimbangela ze-atherosclerosis zemithambo yeso zifaka i-cholesterol ephezulu, umfutho wegazi we-arterial, ukuqina kwegazi okusheshayo, izimo ezicindezelayo njalo, kanye nokuhlukumezeka kokudla okunamafutha.
Kwezinye izifo zesifo sikashukela, i-atherosclerotic retinopathy ihlotshaniswa nokusebenza okwanele kwezimoto, i-estrogen ephansi, ama-hormone egilo kanye nezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala.
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda se-pathologies nemikhuba emibi, kuvela izinto ezivusa amandla eziholela ekuqhubekeni kwesifo okusebenzayo. Sikhuluma ngokuphakamisa izinsimbi, ukulimala kwamehlo, ukuvakasha njalo kuma-sauna, izindiza ezinde, ukudonsela phansi.
Izimpawu zesifo
I-retinal atherosclerosis ekuqaleni kwenqubo ye-pathological ayinikeli zimpawu ezithile. Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kubonakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, udokotela uzonquma izimo ze-spastic zemithambo yegazi, imithambo emincane yegazi ye-retina.
Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, inani lama-cholesterol deposits liyakhuphuka, izindonga ze-vascular ziba denser. Isiguli sibona ukwehla okusheshayo kombono, inkungu phambi kwamehlo, ukukhathala okusheshayo ngesikhathi somsebenzi ohilela i-eyestrain.
Izinguquko ezinkulu ze-atherosclerotic zibonakaliswa ukwakheka kwe-hemoghage, ukubekwa kwamafutha, amaprotheni ezindaweni ezinwebeka kakhudlwana. I-infinal infarction itholakala esigulini, lapho i-optic nerve eyekayo ukuyondla.
Izintambo ezixhunyiwe zivusa imithambo ye-retina, ukuvuvukala kwezinhlungu ze-optic, ngenxa yesifo sikashukela kusongela ubumpumputhe obuyingxenye noma ngisho nokubona ngokuphelele. I-complication eyingozi kakhulu ye-retinopathy yeso ukuqhuma okukhulu komthambo we-retinal central. Ukwephulwa kwenzeka ngokushesha, ngemizuzwana nje embalwa. Isiguli ngeke sizwe ukuwa okungathandeki.
Kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuqhuma okungathi sína kwandulelwa ngu:
- amalambu okukhanya;
- ubumnyama besikhashana emehlweni;
- kwesigaba (ngokwengxenye) ukulahleka kombono.
Umphumela uphelele ekuhlolweni kwe-opic nerve, ubumpumputhe. Amandla okubona angavuselelwa kuphela ngehora lokuqala ukusuka esikhathini sokuqothuka; kuzodingeka ukwelashwa okuningilizayo. Cabanga ukuthi ukulimala emithanjeni yamehlo kungaba wuphawu lokuqala lwengozi yemithambo yethambo elukhulayo - ukushaya kwenhliziyo, unhlangothi.
Lesi sifo sihlukaniswa ngezinga lomonakalo. Isifo sikashukela singatholakala nesifo sendawo uma ikota ye-retina ihilelekile kwinqubo ye-pathological. Lapho i-atherosclerosis ithatha uhhafu we-retina, bakhuluma ngezinga elijwayelekile. Uma izinkinga zikhonjwa ingxenye enkulu, kutholakala ukuthi unolwelwesi lwesikhumba sangaphansi, olunolwazi oluphelele lokujikijela kwengqondo - i-retinopathy ephelele.
I-atherosulinosis yemikhumbi yamehlo ingaba yeselula futhi iqinile. Ifomu leselula liyabonakala lapho isiguli sichitha izinsuku ezimbili zokuqala sime endaweni evundlile. I-retina inamathela ngokuphelele ezingxenyeni ezingezansi.
Uma lokhu kungenzeki, kutholakala ifomu lesifo eliqinile.
Ukuxilongwa kwemithambo yamehlo
Njengoba kuphawuliwe, nge-atherosclerosis yemithambo yegazi yamehlo, onesifo sikashukela akazizwa izimpawu. Kamuva, umbono uqala ukuwa, kukhona ushintsho emithanjeni yengqondo. Isiguli sinenkinga yokulahlekelwa inkumbulo, ikhanda, isiyezi, i-tinnitus. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Angina okubangelwa ukulimala kwemithambo ye-coronary kungenzeka.
Ukwenza ukuxilongwa, i-elebhu, imishini yokuxilonga iyadingeka, i-fundus, i-retina iyahlolwa. I-ophthalmologist inquma ama-acuity abonakalayo (ushintsho oluthile noma olunabile), ihlola inkambu yokubuka (i-concentric nyembamba, indawo yamabala, indawo ephakathi). Udokotela wenza i-biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy ukuthola ukunqotshwa kwemithambo yegazi, ukuba khona kokufakelwa kwe-aneurysmal, ukukhomba, amabala amachashazi noma i-streaky hemons.
I-Biomicroscopy ye-cornea yeso iyakhonjiswa, lokhu kuyasiza ukubona ukwenziwa kwe-blockage, ukuqina kokuqhuma kwemithambo yegazi. Izimpawu zokugeleza kwegazi okungenampilo zihluka kancane, ukugeleza okuqhekekile okuhambisana nokuqhekeka komthambo wegazi.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Ultrasound ngezinqubo eziphoqelelayo kusiza ukucacisa isigaba sezinqubo ze-pathological:
- ukuskena okuphindwe kabili kwemikhumbi yamehlo;
- tonometry;
- i-tomography.
Ngenxa ye-electroretinography, ukutholakala kwamagagasi kagesi kuyatholakala. Esikhathini ukungabikho noma ukwehla kwezinga eliphansi, bakhuluma ngokubhujiswa kweseli okubangelwa ukuntuleka komsoco.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukunikela ngegazi ukunquma izinga le-cholesterol kanye nesilinganiso sezingxenyana zayo ngazinye, izinkomba zegazi lokuqina.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Ukuze ubuyisele i-acuity ebonakalayo nge-atherosclerosis yemithambo yamehlo, kukhonjiswa ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, ukuhlangana nemisebe ye-laser, izinqubo zomzimba.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuqala ngenkambo yamathebulethi ukwenza ngokwejwayelekile i-cholesterol yegazi, i-microcirculation, ukuphuma kwegazi, ukuqeda ama-spasms, ukuqala izinqubo ze-metabolic.
Udokotela unquma izidakamizwa ezisehlisa i-lipid: iTirofiban, iZokor, Plaviks, Atoris, Aspirin, Curantil, Crestor, iTirofiban. Ukwanda ngemikhumbi, umuntu akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kweNo-shpa, Nitroglycerin, Eufillin.
Ama-angioprotectors aphumelelayo:
- Ilomedin;
- I-Actovegin;
- Tivortin;
- I-Detralex
Ngaphezu kwalokho thatha amavithamini nama-antioxidants Okuyvayt, Tanakan, Lutein forte. Kubalulekile ukufeza ukugxiliswa kwamaconsi wamehlo: Potassium iodite, Thiotriazolin, Taufon.
Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen ngendlela ye-hyperbaric oxygenation, inhalation. Ngaphezu kokuphathwa kwangaphakathi kwezidakamizwa, i-ophthalmologist izonikeza ukuphathwa kwemithi engaphansi kwesohlo, i-electrophoresis nokusetshenziswa kwama-vasodilators.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo umsoco ofanele. Nikeza imikhawulo kasawoti, uketshezi. Kwenqatshelwe ukudla ukudla okunamafutha okuvela emvelweni, amaswidi, namakhekhe. Lapho ukuvuselelwa kabusha kolwelwesi lwamehlo kuqediwe, kufakwa inkambo yokuzivocavoca ngokwelashwa. Futhi kubuye kukhishwe i-reflexology, i-magnetotherapy, zivivinya amehlo.
Kwabanesifo sikashukela nge-atherosclerosis yemithambo yeso, kunconywa ukuthi uqale ukwelashwa ngezinyathelo:
- ukumbiwa kwe-cholesterol ye-LDL eyeqile;
- i-normalization of metabolism;
- ngcono ukuhamba kwegazi.
Ukuxazulula izinkinga ezikhonjiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo zokwelapha.
Iqoqo lokuphulukisa lamanani alinganayo we-chamomile, i-dieelle, i-yarrow, i-mint, i-lemon balm ne-valerian lisiza kahle. Faka ekuqoqweni kwama-gramu angama-20 we-Horsefish yasensimini, ama-birch efihlekile, ama-stigmas, i-clover ne-clover, okhalweni ngokulinganayo okusuka phezulu, i-aronia ne-blueberries
Iqoqo le-hypertonic lichotshoziwe, kukalwa izinkabi ezi-2 ezincane, zithululelwa ngengilazi yamanzi abilayo bese kushiywe ubusuku. Umkhiqizo oqediwe uthathwa amagremu angama-5 izikhathi ezi-5 ngosuku, ngokuyikho ngesimo sokushisa. Inkambo yokwelashwa ihlala inyanga eyi-1.
Esikhathini sokwelashwa, kukhonjiswa ukunamathela ekudleni okuyimifino yobisi, yenqaba ngokuphelele i-caffeine neziphuzo zotshwala.
Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lapho kudalwa i-retina, udokotela uyalela isiguli ukuthi sihlinzwe. Imvamisa ukungenelela kwenziwa kusetshenziswa enye yamasu: i-vitrectomy, i-laser coagulation, i-ballooning ye-sclera.
Ekusetshenzisweni kwe-laser ye-retina, ama-anesthetics kanye nama-ejenti afaka umhlume asetshenziswa. Izidakamizwa zifakwa ngqo esweni. Ngemuva kwalokho, usebenzisa i-lens ekhethekile, i-ophthalmologist izohola i-laser beam endaweni ethintekile yokufakwa kwamehlo kwangaphakathi kwamehlo.
Ngesikhathi senqubo, i-sclera icindezelwa endaweni ekhishwe kuyo. Isikhathi sokuvuselelwa ngemuva kokungenelela sincane.
I-Vitrectomy ifaka phakathi ukususwa kwe-vitreous kusuka ngaphakathi kwamehlo. Njengomthetho, inqubo ibekelwa ukuklebetheka okubanzi kanye nokuphefumula kwangaphakathi. Ukusheshisa i-fusion ye-sclera ngemuva kokungenelela, udokotela wenza i-tamponade, usebenzisa:
- uwoyela we-silicone;
- isisombululo se-saline;
- ukuxubeka komoya-kaphethiloli.
Ukuhlaselwa nge-sclera ye-catheter kungenye ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha. Lapho ibhaluni ikhuphukile, kuba nokwanda kwengcindezi, kuvela ama-adhesion kwi-retina. Ngemuva kwalokho, idivaysi kufanele isuswe.
Uma umphumela wokuhlinzwa uphumelela, kunconywa ukuthi ubhekisise impilo yakho ngokucophelela. Ngosuku lokuqala emva kokungenelela, gcina ukuphumula kombhede, gwema ubunzima bezamehlo .. Ngisho nokugeza kuyadingeka ngendlela ekhethekile ukuvikela amanzi ukuthi angangeni esweni elisebenzile.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, isiguli sifaka ibhandishi.
Izinkinga
Uma kungekho makhambi anele, izinkinga ziya ngokuthuthuka. Okuyingozi kakhulu i-glaucoma (ukufa kwe-optic nerve), i-vascular thrombosis (necrosis ye-retina), i-hemophthalmus (igazi elingena emzimbeni we-vitreous).
Enye inkinga ngukukhanya kwamehlo, ngakho-ke kulahleka ngokuphelele kombono ngenxa yendlala ye-oksijini. Kusho futhi ukulahleka okuphelele kombono. Kunezimo lapho i-atherosclerosis ithinta khona womabili amehlo. Izinguquko ezinjalo zidinga ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa.
Izinguquko ze-atherosclerotic emithanjeni yamehlo ziyisibonakaliso sezinguquko ze-pathological emithanjeni yomzimba wonke. Izimpawu zesifo zenzeka lapho umkhumbi uvalekile nge-thrombus noma i-plaque.
Uma kunokuqedwa okunamandla kwezicubu zomsoco, umuntu onesifo sikashukela ulahlekelwe imbono. Ekhondweni lesifo esingalapheki, isiguli sihlushwa iveli phambi kwamehlo namachashazi amnyama. Ungenza ukuthi isifo sitholakale sibonga nge-angiography, ukuhlolwa kwesimo se-fundus.
Ukwelashwa kwe-atherosclerosis ye-retina kufaka phakathi:
- ukuthatha amaphilisi ukwehlisa i-cholesterol;
- ukusetshenziswa kwamaconsi wamehlo;
- i-physiotherapy;
- Ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo.
Ezinye iziguli zibhekana nokuqina kwe-laser. Esikhathini sokutakula, kanye nezindlela zokuvuselela isimo, kukhonjiswa ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zabantu.
Mayelana ne-atherosclerosis kanye nemiphumela yako kuchazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
