I-Atherossteosis yisifo esingalapheki esibucayi esibandakanya ukufakwa kwe-cholesterol eyeqile ekuxhumekeni kwangaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, inqubo engapheli yokuvuvukala isuka emikhunjini, futhi ukukhanya kwayo kuhlale kuncipha. Njengoba wazi, incipha i-lumen ye-vascular, kokubi kakhulu ukulethwa kwegazi kwizitho ezihambisanayo. Lesi sifo kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi emizimbeni, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi ama-pathogenesis aso abuyele kuphi.
Ukwelashwa kwe-atherossteosis kuhloswe ukwehlisa i-cholesterol. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezilwa ne-atherosclerotic (Statins, Fibrate, resins anino-exchange and nicotinic acid), ukuvivinya umzimba njalo ukunciphisa isisindo, nokudla okuphansi ku-cholesterol namafutha ezilwane nakho kubalulekile. Uma ufisa, ungasebenzisa amakhambi abantu angalungiswa kalula ekhaya.
I-prognosis ye-atherosulinosis ixhomeke kubungako bomonakalo, ubude bawo kanye nekhwalithi yokwelashwa kweziguli.
Ngokuvimbela, kunconywa ukulahla imikhuba emibi, ukuzibandakanya ngokulandelana kwezemidlalo, ukulondolozwa komzimba nokudla.
Kungani isifo sokuqina kwamathambo sikhula?
I-Atherossteosis inqubo eyindalo. Ngokuhambisana, kude nesizathu esisodwa kungaholela ekwenzekeni kwayo. Kuze kube manje, zonke izimbangela zalesi sifo azikasungulwa ngokuthembekile. Odokotela bakhombe izici zobungozi ezandisa amathuba we-pathology.
Izici eziyingozi ezivame ukuholela ekwakhiweni kwalesi sifo yilezi:
- Ukuqagela kwezakhi zofuzo - izehlakalo ze-atherosclerosis ezihlotsheni eziseduze zivame ukubonwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "umlando osindayo womndeni".
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile akukuhle ukuthi umuntu afake amakhilogremu, futhi i-atherosclerosis yisimo nje esihle, ngoba ukukhuluphala kuphazamisa zonke izinhlobo zemetabolism, kufaka phakathi i-lipid metabolism.
- Ukuhlukumeza utshwala - kuthinta kabi zonke izitho nemithambo yegazi, kuguqula kancane ukwakheka kwabo.
- Ukubhema - i-nicotine inomphumela omubi emaphashini, yenyusa ukuqina kodonga lwe-vascular, ikwenza kube brittle kakhulu futhi kungabi namandla kakhulu.
- Abesilisa baqala ukuqaphela ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwe-atherosclerosis ngokwesilinganiso eminyakeni eyi-10 ngaphambili kunabesifazane, futhi bagula kaningi kakhulu.
- Ubudala - ubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekwakhekeni kwalesi sifo, ngoba ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40 umzimba uba sengozini yokuthola inqubo yokugula
- Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus mhlawumbe singesinye sezizathu eziyingozi kakhulu, ngoba isifo sikashukela sakha umonakalo emikhunjini emincane nemikhulu (i-micro- ne-macroangiopathy), enomthelela kuphela ekubekweni kwamazwibela e-atherosranceotic ezindongeni zawo.
- Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala - ngenani elincane lokuzivocavoca, noma yimuphi umuntu uqala ukuthola isisindo, bese inqubo isivele yaziwa.
- Noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism, ikakhulukazi - ukwehla kwenqwaba yama-lipoprotein aphezulu kwabantu, "abalungile", hhayi i-cholesterol ye-atherogenic.
- I-Metabolic syndrome yigama elijwayelekile lokuboniswa okunjengokuqina komfutho, ukukhuluphala kohlobo olulinganiselwe (idiphozi eningi yamafutha esiswini), i-triglycerides ephezulu nokubekezelela i-glucose ephazamisekile (kungaba yi-harbinger yesifo sikashukela mellitus).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici sobungozi sibandakanya umthelela emzimbeni wokucindezelwa okujwayelekile komzimba nangokwengqondo. Ukugcwala okungokomzwelo kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ngenxa yabo, ingcindezi ivame ukukhuphuka, futhi nemikhumbi, nayo, ifakwa ngaphansi kwe-spasm enkulu.
Izimpawu eziphambili ze-atherosulinosis
Emazingeni okuqala, lesi sifo asymptomatic. Izimpawu zokuqala ziyavela lapho izinkinga zivela emzimbeni ngenxa yokuqalwa kwe-pathology. Ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo kwezilonda ze-atherosulinotic of the artery kuncike ekwindini yenqubo. Imikhumbi ehlukahlukene ingavulelwa inqubo, ngakho-ke, izimpawu zingaba nokuhluka.
Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi. Kulokhu, i-coronary or coronary artery iyahlupheka. Bathwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo. Lapho zonakalisiwe, i-myocardium ayitholi umoya-mpilo owanele, futhi lokhu kungaziveza ngendlela yokuhlaselwa kwe-angina enobuntu. I-Angina pectoris iyisibonakaliso esiqondile sesifo senhliziyo (CHD), lapho iziguli zizwa khona ukushiswa okuqinile, kobuhlungu obucindezelayo ngemuva kwe-sternum, ukufushane komoya nokwesaba ukufa.
I-Angina pectoris ibizwa nge-angina pectoris. Ukuhlaselwa okunjalo kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba okuhlukahlukene, kepha ngezinqubo ezinzima zokugijima, zingakukhathaza ukuphumula. Ngemuva kwalokho zitholakala nokuphumula kwe-angina pectoris. Ukulimala okukhulu emithanjeni kungaholela ekufakweni kwe-myocardial - necrosis ye "necrosis" yesayithi le-myocardial. Ngeshwa, cishe isigamu samacala, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungaholela ekufeni.
I-Aortic atherosclerosis. Imvamisa i-aortic arch ihlupheka. Kulokhu, izikhalazo zeziguli zingangacaci, ngokwesibonelo, isiyezi, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, kwesinye isikhathi ukwehluleka, izinhlungu esifubeni esincane.
I-atherosulinosis yamathambo wezinhlambo (imithambo yokubeletha). Ine-Symbomatology emenyezelwe. Iziguli ziphazanyiswa ukukhubazeka kwememori, ziba othinta kakhulu, imizwa yazo ihlala ishintsha. Kungahle kube nokulimala kwekhanda nezingozi zesikhashana ze-cerebrovascular (ukuhlaselwa kwesikhashana kweschemic). Ezigulini ezinjalo, uphawu lweRibot luphawu: bangakhumbula ngokuthembekile izehlakalo zeminyaka eyishumi eyedlule, kodwa bacishe bangasho ukuthi kwenzekeni ngosuku noma ezimbili ezedlule. Imiphumela yokwephulwa okunjalo ayimnandi kakhulu - isifo sohlangothi singakhula (ukufa kwengxenye yobuchopho).
I-atherosulinosis yemithambo ye-mesenteric (noma mesenteric). Kulokhu, imithambo edlula kule mesentery yamathumbu iyathinteka. Inqubo enjalo ayivamile. Abantu bazokhathazeka ngeminjunju evuthayo esiswini, ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla (ukuqunjelwa noma isifo sohudo). Umphumela owedlulele ungaba ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, kanye nokulimala okulandelayo.
Isifo sokuqaqamba kwamathambo wezinso. Okokuqala, iziguli ziqala ukwandisa ingcindezi, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyinciphisa ngosizo lwezidakamizwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-renal (sekondari, uphawu). Kungaba khona nobuhlungu esifundeni se-lumbar, ukuphazamiseka okuncane lapho uchama. Inqubo enkulu ingaholela ekukhuleni kwehluleke kwezinso.
Kukhona futhi isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yemikhawulo engezansi - okuvame kakhulu ukuthi kuqothulwe, okungukuthi, kuhlanganisa ukukhanyisa komkhumbi.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala yi- "intermittent claudication" syndrome - iziguli azikwazi ukuhamba isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuma. Ngokuvamile kufanele ziyeke ngoba zikhononda ngokuxineka kwezinyawo nemilenze, umuzwa ovuthayo kuzo, isikhumba esimile noma i-cyanosis, umuzwa "wokuqubuka".
Ngokuqondene nezinye izikhalazo, zivame ukuphazamisa ukukhula kwezinwele emilenzeni, ukuncipha kwesikhumba, ukubukeka kwezilonda ezinde ezingapholi isikhathi eside, kuguqula ukwakheka nombala wezipikili.
Noma yikuphi ukulimala okuncane esikhunjeni kuholela kwizilonda ezindexekile, ezingagcina zikhula zaba yi-gangrene. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, ngakho-ke kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi banakekele izinyawo zabo, bagqoke izicathulo ezingaxubeki ngokungafanele, bangazidli izinyawo futhi bazinakekele kakhulu.
Ukudonsa kwemithambo yethambo yemikhawulo engezansi nakho kungashabalala.
Yiziphi izinkinga ze-atherosclerosis?
I-Atherossteosis iyindlela yokuthuthuka okuholela ekubonakaleni kwenani elikhulu lezinkinga.
I-atherossteosis ivame ukuthuthuka kancane kancane.
Le mpahla ye-pathology ishiwo ikakhulukazi uma kungalandelwa ukwelashwa okunqunywe ngudokotela noma ngokujwayelekile uma kungekho.
Izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu ze-atherosclerosis yilezi:
- aneurysm;
- infarction myocardial;
- isifo sohlangothi;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
I-Aneurysm iwukuncipha kodonga lwe-vascular kanye nokuphuma kwayo ngokwakhiwa kwe "sac" yesimilo. Imvamisa, i-aneurysm yakheka lapho kufakwa khona i-cholesterol plaque ngenxa yengcindezelo yayo eqinile odongeni lomkhumbi. Ngokuvamile, i-aneurysm ye-aortic iba. Ngenxa yalokhu, iziguli zikhononda ngobuhlungu besifuba, ikakhulukazi ebusuku noma ekuseni.
Ubuhlungu buyaqina lapho uphakamisa izingalo, ngokwesibonelo, lapho uhlanganisa. Ngokukhuphuka ngosayizi we-aneurysm, kungabeka ingcindezi kwizitho ezingomakhelwane. Lokhu kungahle kuhambisane nokubonakala kokuqina kwenhliziyo (ngenxa yengcindezi yezinzwa se-laryngeal nerve), ukuphefumula (ngenxa yokucindezelwa kwe-bronchi), ukukhwehlela, izinhlungu enhliziyweni (i-cardialgia), isiyezi, noma nokulahlekelwa ingqondo. Ubuhlungu bunganikezwa emgogodleni wesibeletho kanye nasesifundeni esisebusika.
Ukuqagela phambi kwe-aneurysm kukhula kakhulu, ngoba ingaqala ukuhlehla noma iphule. IStratification iyisidingo sokuqhuma, ngoba kancane kancane okuqukethwe i-aneurysm kuklebhula konke ukwakheka komthambo, kuze kufike ngaphandle. Ukuqhuma kwe-aortic kucishe kuholele ekufeni. Iziguli ezine-aneurysm kufanele zigweme noma yikuphi ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba kanye nokuxineka ngokomzwelo, ngoba konke lokhu kungaholela ekuqhekekeni khona manjalo.
Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo - kungashiyelwa i-cyricular kanye ne-ventricular yangakwesokudla. Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwesobunxele kubonakaliswa ngokuqina kwegazi ekujikelezeni kwe-pulmonary. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-pulmonary edema kanye nokuphefumula kakhulu.
Iziguli zithatha isikhundla sokuphoqa (i-orthopnea) ngenkani, lapho kulula khona ukuba ziphefumule. Ngokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, umbuthano omkhulu wokujikeleza kwegazi uhlupheka.
Kukhona ukwanda kwesibindi nobubanzi, ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yodonga lwesibeletho lwangaphakathi, ukuvuvukala kwemikhawulo engezansi, ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yentamo, i-tachycardia (ishayela ngokushesha), ukufushane komoya nokukhwehlela.
Ukwelashwa ngesikhathi kuzosiza ekugwemeni izinkinga.
Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi
I-Myocardial infarction kushukela ingakhula ngenxa ye-coronary atherosclerosis.
Ngokuncipha okubalulekile kokukhanyiswa kwemithambo ye-coronary (eyodwa noma ngaphezulu), igazi elicetshiswe umoya-mpilo liyayeka ukugeleza kuyi-myocardium, futhi ingxenye ehambisanayo yemisipha yenhliziyo iba ngaphansi kwe-necrosis. Ngokuya ngevolumu yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, izimpawu zivezwa ngamazinga ahlukahlukene.
Iziguli zikhononda ngobuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe, obukhulu kakhulu, kuze kufike ekulahlekelweni kwemizwa. Ubuhlungu bungakhazimula (bunike) engalweni yangakwesobunxele, emuva, isisu esingezansi, kungahle kuhambisane nokuphefumula kakhulu. Iziguli zidinga ukunikezwa usizo lwezempilo olufanele ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba ukufa kungenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu.
Unhlangothi yi-necrosis yengxenye yezicubu zobuchopho ezikhula ne-cerebral atherossteosis.
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokushaywa unhlangothi, kepha izinkinga zokukhuluma zivame ukuthuthuka (isiguli asiqondi inkulumo ebhekiswe kuye noma singakwazi ukwakha okwakhe), ukuhlangana okungahambi kahle kokunyakaza, ukungabi nalutho noma ukuzwela okuphelele emilenzeni, kungaba nobuhlungu obukhulu ngendlela ekhanda. Ingcindezi ekushayweni ikhuphuka kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa yisifo sohlangothi kufanele kuqalwe kusenesikhathi, ngoba i-lesion ingathinta izikhungo ezibalulekile ebuchosheni (ukuphefumula kanye ne-vasomotor), isiguli singakwazi ukuhlala sikhubazekile noma siwele ekhefini. Umsebenzi wobungcweti ubuyiselwa kancane kancane ngokwelashwa okwanele okufika ngesikhathi.
Izinkinga ze-atherosclerosis zichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
