Ukweqa imiphumela yokuhlolwa, udokotela udonsela ukunaka hhayi kuphela esibalweni samangqamuzana egazi abomvu namangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, kodwa futhi ne-cholesterol ephelele. Le nto enjengamafutha idlala indima yengxenye eqinisa ama-membrane amaseli, ikhulisa ukumelana komzimba kwamagciwane namagciwane.
Ubuningi be-cholesterol bukhiqizwa isibindi, amathumbu nezinye izitho zangaphakathi. Umuntu uthola into encane kakhulu ngokudla. Ukwenza isimo sibe ngokwejwayelekile, kunconywa ukunamathela ekudleni okhethekile. Uma lezi zinyathelo zingasizi, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kukhonjisiwe.
Ngaphezu kwesenzo sokubopha, into efana namafutha iyadingeka ekuhlanganiseni kwama-owesifazane nawesifazane, kanye nokulawulwa kokuqina kokuqina kwamangqamuzana. Ibuye ibambe iqhaza ekwenziweni kwama-bile acid, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwendlela yokugaya ukudla.
I-cholesterol ihanjiswa ngamaprotheni akhethekile, ngokuya ngalokhu, amaqembu amathathu wezinto ahlukaniswa. Ama-lipoproteins aphansi (i-low-density lipoproteins (LDL)) agcwele ingozi, ahanjiswa ngohlelo lokujikeleza umzimba futhi acasule ukwakheka kwezigcawu ze-atherosclerotic odongeni lwemithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi.
Ukwanda kwesikhombi se-cholesterol embi kubangela izifo zenhliziyo ezinkulu, kusongela ngezifo:
- isifo sohlangothi;
- ukushaya kwenhliziyo;
- i-ischemia;
- angina pectoris.
Ngala ma-pathologies, i-cholesterol ifinyelela ezingeni le-7.7 no-7.8 mmol / l.
Lapho i-cholesterol 7 nangaphezulu ilungisiwe, kungukungaphezulu kokujwayelekile kokujwayelekile. Inkinga kufanele ifunwe ekusebenzeni kahle komzimba. Akunakwenzeka ukufeza izinga elinjalo lezinto ezinomsoco ongafanele.I-cholesterol kusuka ku-7 kuye ku-8 iyimpawu ezesabekayo.
Ama-high density lipoproteins (HDL) nawo aqhelelene, abizwa nge-cholesterol enhle. Umuthi ubonakaliswa ngendlela enobungozi kufakwe kumathafa e-atherosulinotic, ubuyisela i-cholesterol eyingozi esibindini, bese uyasebenza.
Kunama-lipoprotein aphansi kakhulu (VLDL), aqukethe ama-triglycerides amaningi kanye ne-cholesterol. Ngokwanda kwalesi sakhi, kutholakala ukwephulwa okungathi sína kwe-lipid metabolism, kuhambisane nezifo zohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo.
Izimbangela ze-High Cholesterol
Imfuneko ye-cholesterol ephezulu ibhekwa njengokuphambi kofuzo. Ngokuphazamiseka okunjalo kokuzalwa, izinga lezinto ezinjengamafutha lifinyelela ezingeni le-7.6-7.9, noma ngabe indoda noma umfazi mdala kangakanani. Izindlela zanoma yimuphi unyaka zingatholakala etafuleni.
Esinye isizathu kuzoba ukungondleki, okuqukethwe kwamanani amaningi ezilwane namafutha we-trans. Kwezinye izimo, ukudla okuhlose ukuguqula inkomba ye-cholesterol kungasithinta kabi isimo sempilo.
Esinye isizathu yindlela yokuphila engalungile, umsebenzi wokuhlala phansi. Ngaphandle komzimba osezingeni eliphezulu, izicubu zenhliziyo zigcwele ngamafutha, ukusebenza kwawo kuyaphazamiseka. Ukugeleza kwegazi okwehlisiwe kusheshisa futhi ukuvela kwama-plaque odongeni lwemithambo yegazi.
Uhlu lwezimbangela ze-cholesterol ephezulu lubandakanya ukukhuluphala ngokweqile. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela abanesisindo esikhulu somzimba bathambekele kakhulu emgudwini wezinto, ngoba umthwalo osenhliziyweni uyanda, i-myocardium isebenza ngokugqoka, izicubu ziba buthaka kancane kancane.
Ngenxa yesimo se-pathological, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kokuqala, imivimbo kwenzeka. Kulokhu, inkomba ephakathi ye-lipid isuka kumaphuzu ayi-7 kuye kwayi-8.
Imikhuba emibi nayo kufanele ibangelwe yimikhuba emibi; ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala kunomthelela omubi ekwakhiweni kwamangqamuzana aphezulu e-cholesterol.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, i-cirrhosis yesibindi, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwe-endocrine, cholesterol isuka ku-7.2-7.3 iye ku-7.4-7.5 mmol / l. Ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa, kukhonjiswa ukuthi kusetshenzelwa iqoqo lezinqubo zokuxilonga, kuzoqinisekisa noma kuphike ukwesaba.
Isiguli sizodinga ukunikela ngegazi ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo, kunemithetho eminingana yokuthatha izivivinyo. Ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kwenqubo bayenqaba ukudla okunamafutha okuvela kwimvelaphi yezilwane, sikhuluma ngalokhu:
- ibhotela;
- ukhilimu omuncu;
- amanoni;
- wabhema inyama.
Isikhathi sokugcina bengadli ngaphambi kwamahora ayi-12 ngaphambi kokuqoqwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Kungcono kakhulu ukuphuza amanzi ahlanzekile angenawo igesi ngaphambi kwenqubo. Ukunikela ngegazi kufanele kube engxenyeni yokuqala yosuku, mhlawumbe ekuseni.
Ukulandela izincomo, akukho kungabaza ngokunemba kwemininingwane etholakele. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhomba umphumela we-7 noma ngaphezulu, kufanele udlule esifundweni okungenani kanye.
Lapho izivivinyo eziphindaphindwa ziqinisekisa umphumela, ngokushesha aqala ukwelashwa.
Yiliphi izinga elikhulayo lama-lipoprotein
Lapho ukuhlaziya kukhombisa amaphuzu angama-7, isiguli siqala ukukhathazeka ngalokhu, asazi ukuthi isimo se-pathological sizophendukela ini. Udokotela uvame ukunquma ukwelashwa ngokwahlukana, ebheka izimbangela zokwephulwa.
Imiphumela yokungasinaki lesi sifo yizifo zezinso, amathumbu, izifo zenhliziyo ezi-coronary, i-atherosclerotic phenomena ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zemikhumbi nemithambo yegazi.
Noma imiphi imiphumela ibulala ngendlela ebabazekayo, zonke izindlela eziphathelene nokujwayezwa kwama-lipoprotein aphansi zidingeka ngokuphuthumayo. Ngisho namakhulu amakhudlwana enkomba yento, isibonelo, 7.20, 7.25, 7.35 mmol / l, ayabhekwa.
Imithi nokudla okulinganiselwe kubekelwa ukunciphisa i-cholesterol.
Ngokulashwa kwezidakamizwa, impi yokulwa nento esezingeni eliphansi inikezwa yilezo zidakamizwa:
- ama-statin
- imicu;
- cholesterol ukumunca inhibitors.
Atorvastatin, amaphilisi eLovastatin aba ngama-statins athandwayo. Basebenza ngomgomo wokuvimba ama-enzyme akhethekile abhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol. Ngenxa yalokho, ngemuva kwenkambo yokwelashwa, amazinga we-lipoprotein ancipha ngokushelela, isiguli sizwa ukuthuthuka okukhulu enhlalakahleni.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhulelwa kungukuphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zaleli qembu. Ngokuqondene nemithamo, ikhethwe ngawodwana.
Izindwangu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-gemfibrozil, fenofibrat. Le mishanguzo isebenza yodwa, njengama-statins, kepha ilungele kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuphinde ibuye. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-fibrate ngokuchezuka okuncane kusuka ezingeni elijwayelekile lezinto zegazi kuyaqondiswa.
Ama-cholesterol ukumunwa kwe-cholesterol inhibitors Cholestyramine, i-Colextran isiza ukulungisa izinto eziphelele ezinjengamafutha. Azisetshenziswa ngokuzimela, zinconywa njengengxenye yokwelapha okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nama-statins noma ama-fibrate.
Ama-inhibitors esenzweni ahlukile kancane kunomuthi ongenhla, awavimbeli ama-enzyme, kepha amise ngamandla ukufakwa kwamafutha. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-inhibitors kungenzeka nge-cholesterol engaphezulu kwe-7.4 mmol / L. Ngamanani aphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kuncishiswa kaningana.
Izindlela ezihlukile zokwehlisa i-cholesterol zisiza ukwandisa ukusebenza kwenkambo yokwelapha. Ungenza amakhambi asuselwa ezitshalweni zokwelapha uwedwa ekhaya.
Kungani izinga le-cholesterol egazini likhuphuka lichazwa kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
