I-cholesterol iyinto ebalulekile ebamba iqhaza ku-lipid metabolism futhi ihlanganise ama-hormone angaphezu kweyodwa. Itholakala cishe kuwo wonke amaseli. Igama elaziwa kabanzi ngale nto yi-cholesterol.
Igama eliyinhloko lamnikezwa ngonyaka we-1859, lapho ososayensi bethola ukuthi lento utshwala. Ngomzimba, uhlanganiswa ngezinga elikhulu ngokuzimela, futhi ingxenye encane ivela ekudleni. Kubalulekile ukuthi umsoco uhambisane nokuvela kwawo.
Imvamisa kukhona ukwephulwa komkhuba we cholesterol. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, kepha kaningi kwenzeka ngenxa yokungaziphathi kahle komsoco. Lo mkhuba uthinta kabi impilo futhi ubangela ukugula okukhulu.
Ngokuvamile, amanani ajwayelekile wama-lipoprotein angenza imisebenzi elandelayo:
- yakha isisekelo sokuqanjwa kwamangqamuzana;
- ubambe iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwamahomoni;
- asize synthesis of Vitamin D;
- bahlanganyele metabolism;
- iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwe-bile;
- ziyingxenye yezinto ezisetshenziselwa amangqamuzana ezinzwa;
- iqhaza ekubumbeni kwe-serotonin;
- qinisa ukungatheleleki;
- ahlinzeke ngesimo esijwayelekile sohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi.
Into esemqoka ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-cholesterol kuhlale kuyinto evamile. Ukwephulwa kwale nqubo kuthembisa ukungalingani kwazo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba. Ukwazi ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani emiphumeleni, udinga ukuthola ukuthi ukulawulwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-cholesterol kanye nokusebenza kwayo kwenzeka kanjani.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-cholesterol engaphandle (kwangaphakathi) kungabonakala kuzo zonke izicubu.
Inqwaba yezinqubo zenzeka esibindini.
Isakhiwo sayo sokuqala sibizwa nge-Acetyl-Coa.
I-cholesterol biosynthesis yenzeka ngokuya ngalolu hlelo:
- Kwakhiwa i-Mavalonic acid.
- I-acid iguqulwa ibe yi-isoprene esebenzayo, lapho i-squalene yenziwe khona.
- I-squalene iguqulwa ibe yi-sterol.
Cishe gramu eyodwa ye-steroid ingakheka ngosuku olulodwa. Uhlobo lwamakhemikhali lwento yi-C27H45OH. Lokhu kusabela kwenzeka ngokubamba iqhaza kwama-enzyme angama-30 asebenza njengama-catalysts kuma-cell cytoplasm. Inani elithile lezinto liphenduka libe ngama-ethers, kuhlanganiswa amanoni e-fatty nomunye, bese kuba khona i-cholesterol catabolism. Amakhompiyutha akhiwa kwizindlala ze-adrenal, isibindi, nama-gonads. Kamuva, into eyakhiwe izobandakanyeka ekubandakanyeni kwama-hormone, ukwakheka kwe-bile.
Kunolunye uhlobo lwe-cholesterol - olungaphandle. Ingena emzimbeni ngokudla, ikakhulukazi ngokudla okuqukethe amafutha ezilwane. Ukubola kwama-cholesterol esters kuzokwenzeka kusetshenziswa i-enzyme - "cholesterol." Ama-acid anamafutha adalwa yilokhu angena kumaseli wamathumbu amancane futhi amunca egazini, emva kwalokho angena esibindini.
Umuthi uthuthwa ngezicubu ngosizo lwamaprotheni akhethekile - ama-lipoprotein. Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu:
- Ama-lip density lipoproteins (LDL) angenampilo. Le nto ihanjiswa ngezicubu, futhi okwedlulele kuyakwazi ukuhlala ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, kwakha ama-cholesterol plaque. Le nqubo icasule ukwenzeka kwe-atherosclerosis.
- I-lipoproteins ephansi kakhulu (VLDL). Babambe iqhaza ekuthuthweni kwama-triglycerides namanye amakhompiyutha. Lolu hlobo luyingozi kunazo zonke, ngoba lungadala i-sclerosis.
- I-High Density Lipoproteins (HDL). Yikhemikhali ewusizo engadonsa ngokweqile okunamafutha bese iwudlulisela esibindini. Zibandakanyeka ekuqedweni kwe-cholesterol eyingozi futhi ivimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis.
Empilweni yomzimba, ibhalansi yalezi zinhlobo zamakhompiyutha ibalulekile. Lapho uhlola, naka inani le-cholesterol ephelele. Ukuphambuka ejwayelekile kukhombisa izinkinga zempilo. Izinkomba ze-cholesterol ephelele zithintwa yi:
- izinga lomsebenzi wokwenziwa kwento esibindini;
- izinga lokufakwa kwento ngamathumbu amancane;
- imetabolism nge-lipoproteins;
- umsebenzi wokuhoxa kwe-cholesterol ngokusebenzisa ama-bile acids.
Umuntu ngamunye unesimo sabo se-cholesterol. Kuya ngobulili, iminyaka. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwabesilisa, ngeminyaka, inani lezinto lingakhuphuka, kuyilapho kwabesifazane, kunalokho, lingancipha.
Ukushoda kwe-cholesterol kunemiphumela.
Yize i-pathology enjalo yenzeka kaningi kunokukhuphuka, kepha ayinangozi.
Kunconywa ukuqapha ukudla nendlela yokuphila.
Cholesterol ephansi imiphumela:
- Izifo ezahlukahlukene.
- Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
- Isifo sofuba samaphaphu.
- Umdlavuza wesibindi.
- Ukushaywa unhlangothi.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
- I-Sepsis.
- I-Anemia
- I-Hyperthyroidism.
Emadodeni, lokhu kuqubuka kwengqondo kuvusa ukungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi, kwabesifazane, ngaphansi kwethonya lawo, i-amenorrhea iyenzeka.
Uma i-pathology ikhula ngesikhathi sokuzala ingane, kunengozi yokukhubazeka kwengane engasebenzi kahle. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zivame ukuba nama-rickets.
Uma inani eliphelele lento likhuphuka, amathuba okuthola izifo nawo aphezulu.
Isikhathi eside cholesterol ephezulu singadala:
- angina pectoris;
- isifo senhliziyo;
- ukushaya kwenhliziyo nesifo sikashukela;
- isifo sohlangothi;
- i-endarteritis;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
Ingozi ukuthi ukwephulwa komthetho akuzange kube nezimpawu ezishiwo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelashwa, noma ukukala ukusebenza kwawo ekhaya.
Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, izifo zalolu hlobo zingaholela ekukhubazekeni nasekufeni.
Ukwanda kwe-cholesterol kwenzeka lapho i-metabolism isenkingeni, ngakho-ke le nqubo idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile.
Igama lesayensi le-pathology yi-hyperlipidemia.
Lesi simo sibonisa ukuthi umzimba unenani elikhulu le-LDL.
Ngokuyisisekelo, likhuphuka ngenxa:
- Indlela yokuphila.
- Isisindo esiningi.
- Ukungondleki.
- Umlutha wozalo.
- Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2.
- Isifo se-izicubu ezithintekayo.
- Ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala.
- Ukubhema.
- Ukucindezelwa njalo.
- Ukuthatha umuthi othile.
- Ukuguga.
Amanani aphansi avela ezinye izizathu. Kunezici futhi ezinciphisa i-catabolism yayo: ukuphazamiseka kwe-yegland yegland kanye nokuba khona kwezifo zesibindi. Kuboniswa ikakhulukazi esimweni sokukhishwa ngokuphelele kwamafutha ekudleni, lapho uthatha izidakamizwa ezithile. Kukhona nezinye izizathu eziningi, kubandakanya nokudla okuqinile; ukuzila isikhathi eside; ukuba khona kwezifo ezinamandla; isifo sofuba samaphaphu; isifo senhliziyo.
Ukuze ugweme i-pathologies, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izivivinyo zama-lipoprotein, i-biochemistry yegazi nayo iyaphenywa. Ucwaningo lwe-biochemical luzoveza ngisho nokuphazamiseka okuncane kakhulu egazini, ukunquma isimo sangemuva se-hormonal: i-thyroid, ama-hormone ocansi. Kungcono ukuphenya isimo somzimba ngokuhlelekile. Izinkomba zesifundo zingaba:
- Ukuthambekela kokukhuluphala, noma ukuba khona kwesisindo ngokweqile.
- Ukuvimbela isifo sokuqina kwemizwa, noma umlando wako.
- Isifo se-Vascular.
- Izifo zesibindi, izinso.
- Isifo sikashukela mellitus.
Kungcono ukuthi ungadli amahora ayi-12 ngaphambi kwenqubo. Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho. Ukuze ama-lipoproteins abe yinto evamile, ubungozi kufanele bungafakwa.
Kufanele ususe ukudla okuqukethe i-LDL ekudleni, ukwandise ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo nemifino, ulawule ukusetshenziswa kwe-confectionery namaswidi, ukubuyisela ibhotela ngemifino.
Ukulawulwa kwe-cholesterol kungenziwa ngokuzimela, into esemqoka ukususa imikhuba emibi empilweni bese uqala ukuhamba ngaphezulu, khona-ke impilo izohlala ijwayelekile.
Ukuhlanganiswa nokuhamba kwe-cholesterol emzimbeni kuchazwe kanjani kule vidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
