Cishe wonke umuntu ukholelwa ukuthi i-cholesterol yegazi ayilungile. Abaningi bezwe ngokugwazwa kwe-ischemic, infarction ye-myocardial ngenxa ye-atherosulinosis yemithambo yegazi. Kepha into ngokwayo ayibonakali njengengxenye engemihle. Ungotshwala obunamafutha, obudingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwanoma yisiphi isitho somzimba.
Ukushoda kwe-cholesterol kuholela ekukhuleni kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okunzima, kuze kube ukuzibulala, kuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-bile nezinye izinto ze-hormonal, kugcwele nezinye izifo. Kungakho kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi ukuqoqwa kwenhliziyo kuphelele - ukuphambuka endaweni ethile kuya kwenye kusongela impilo.
Ivelaphi i-cholesterol? Abanye bavela ngokudla. Kepha umzimba womuntu unamandla okwazi ukuzenzela lokhu. Ikakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kwenzeka esibindini, izinso, izindlala ze-adrenal, izindlala zangasese namathumbu.
Cabanga, yisiphi isizathu sokuthi i-cholesterol yegazi iphakama? Futhi futhi uthole ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ezisiza ukuguqula inkomba yesifo sikashukela?
I-cholesterol nemisebenzi yayo emzimbeni
I-cholesterol (elinye igama yi-cholesterol) utshwala obunamafutha e-organic otholakala kumaseli ezinto eziphilayo. Ngokungafani namanye amafutha emvelaphi yemvelo, ayinawo amandla okuncibilika emanzini. Egazini labantu kuqukethwe uhlobo lwezakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi - lipoprotein.
Umuthi ubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuzinzile komzimba wonke kanye nezinhlelo zawo ngamunye, izitho zomzimba. Into efana namafutha ngokwejwayelekile ihlukaniswa ngokuthi “enhle” futhi “embi”. Lokhu kwehlukaniswa kungcono ngokungqubuzanayo, ngoba ingxenye ayinakuba yinhle noma imbi.
Inokwakheka kanye nesakhiwo esisodwa. Umphumela wayo unqunywa yilokho i-protein cholesterol okunamathiselwe kuyo. Ngamanye amagama, ingozi ibonwa kulezo zimo lapho isakhi sikwisimo eboshwe kunokuba sikhululeke.
Kunamaqembu amaningi ezakhi zamaprotheni eziletha i-cholesterol ezithweni nasezithanjeni ezihlukahlukene:
- Iqembu eliphakeme lesisindo samangqamuzana (HDL). Kubandakanya ama-lipoprotein aphezulu kwabantu, anamagama ahlukile - i- "cholesterol" ewusizo "
- Iqembu eliphansi lesisindo samangqamuzana (LDL). Kubandakanya ama-lipoprotein aphansi kwabantu, ahlobene ne-cholesterol embi.
- Amaprotheni wesisindo esisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu amelelwa yi-subclass ye-lipoprotein ephansi ngokweqile;
- I-Chylomicron yisigaba sezakhi zamaprotheni ezikhiqizwa emathunjini.
Ngenxa yenani elanele le-cholesterol egazini, ama-hormone ama-steroid, ama-asidi acid akhiqizwa. Umuthi ubandakanyeka ngokuqinile esimisweni sezinzwa nesokuzivikela komzimba, futhi unesandla ekwakhiweni kwe-Vitamin D.
Ivelaphi i-cholesterol?
Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke ukuthi i-cholesterol yegazi ivelaphi? Kuyiphutha ukukholelwa ukuthi into ivela kuphela ekudleni. Cishe i-25% cholesterol iza nemikhiqizo equkethe le nto. Amaphesenti asele ahlanganiswe emzimbeni womuntu.
Ukuhlanganiswa kubandakanya isibindi, amathumbu amancane, izinso, izindlala ze-adrenal, izindlala zocansi, kanye nesikhumba. Umzimba womuntu uqukethe ama-cholesterol angama-80% amafomu amahhala no-20% ngesimo esiboshwe.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza imi kanjena: amafutha emvelaphi yesilwane angena esiswini ngokudla. Babhidlika ngaphansi kwethonya le-bile, emva kwalokho bathuthelwa emathunjini amancane. Utshwala obunamafutha budonswa kuwo ngokusebenzisa izindonga, bese bungena esibindini ngosizo lohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi.
Insalela iyangena emathunjini amakhulu, lapho ingena khona kwesibindi ngokufanayo. Into engamunwa nganoma yisiphi isizathu ishiya umzimba ngokwemvelo - kanye nezindunduma.
Ukusuka ku-cholesterol engenayo, isibindi sikhiqiza ama-bile acid, ahlukaniswa njengezakhi ze-steroid. Ngokuvamile, le nqubo ithatha cishe ama-80-85% ento engenayo. Futhi, ama-lipoprotein akhiwa kusuka kuwo ngokuhlanganiswa namaprotheni. Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngokuhamba kwezicubu nezitho zomzimba.
Izici ze-lipoproteins:
- Ama-LDL makhulu, abonakala ngesakhiwo esingajwayelekile, ngoba aqukethe izimbumbulu eziningi. Banamathela endaweni engaphakathi yemithambo yegazi, eyakha i-plaque ye-atherosulinotic.
- I-HDL inosayizi omncane, isakhiwo obukhulu, ngoba aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi asindayo. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo, ama-molecule angaqoqa ama-lipid ngokweqile ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi futhi azithumele esibindini ukuze licutshungulwe.
Ukudla okungenampilo, ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha amaningi ezilwane kuvusa ukwanda kwe-cholesterol embi egazini. I-cholesterol inganyusa inyama enamafutha, imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha aphezulu, amazambane athosiwe ku-oyela yemifino, i-shrimp, ufulawa nemikhiqizo emnandi, imayonesi, njll. Ithinta i-LDL namaqanda enkukhu, ikakhulukazi, isikhuphasha. Ine-cholesterol eningi. Kepha kunezinye izinto emkhiqizweni eziqeda utshwala obunamafutha, ngakho-ke kuvunyelwe ukuzisebenzisa ngosuku.
Ivelaphi i-cholesterol emzimbeni uma umuntu eyisitshalo? Njengoba into ivela hhayi ngemikhiqizo kuphela, kepha futhi ikhiqizwa ngaphakathi emzimbeni, ngokumelene nesizinda sezinto ezithile ezisikhathazayo, inkomba iba ngaphezulu kunokwejwayelekile.
Izinga elilungile le-cholesterol ephelele lifinyelela kumayunithi angama-5.2, okuqukethwe okuvunyelwe okuphezulu kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-5.2 kuye ku-6.2 mmol / l.
Ezingeni elingaphezulu kwamayunithi ayi-6.2, izinyathelo okuhloswe ngazo ukwehlisa inkomba zithathwa.
Izimbangela ze-High Cholesterol
Iphrofayili ye-cholesterol incike ezicini eziningi. Izinga le-LDL alingi ukukhuphuka njalo uma umzimba womuntu uthola i-cholesterol eningi ngokudla. Isimo samachaphaza e-atherosclerotic akhula ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto eziningi.
Ukugcwala okukhulu kwe-cholesterol emibi kuwuphawu lokuthi umzimba unezinkinga ezinkulu, ama-pathologies angapheli, nezinye izinqubo ze-pathological ezivimbela ukukhiqizwa okugcwele kwe-cholesterol, okuholela ekukhuleni kwezifo zenhliziyo.
Ukwanda kuvame ukususelwa kusengaphambili lofuzo. Kuvame ukutholakala isifo somndeni kanye ne-polygenic hypercholesterolemia.
Izifo eziholela ekunyukeni kwe-LDL egazini:
- Umsebenzi wezinso ongasebenzi kahle - nge-nephroptosis, ukwehluleka kwezinso;
- I-Hypertension (umfutho wegazi ophakeme);
- Izifo zesibindi, ngokwesibonelo, i-hepatitis eyingozi noma engamahlalakhona, i-cirrhosis;
- Ama-pathologies we-pancreas - i-tumor neoplasms, ifomu le-pancreatitis eliyingozi nelingamahlalakhona;
- Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2
- Ukuphazamiseka kweshukela egazini;
- I-Hypothyroidism;
- Ukuntuleka kwama-hormone okukhula.
Ukwanda kwe-cholesterol emibi akuvamile ngenxa yezifo. Izici ezinikezayo zifaka isikhathi sokuzala ingane, ukuphuza ngokweqile utshwala, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile (ama-diuretics, ama-steroid, nezindlela zokuvimbela ukuphathwa komlomo).
Ungabhekana kanjani ne-cholesterol ephezulu?
Iqiniso ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali e-cholesterol, lokhu akusongo empilweni kuphela kepha nasempilweni yabanesifo sikashukela. Ngenxa yemiphumela elimazayo, ubungozi be-thrombosis banda amahlandla ambalwa, okuthi kwandise amathuba wokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, i-hemorrhagic noma i-ischemic stroke, i-pulmonary embolism, nezinye izinkinga.
Kuyadingeka ukuqeda i-cholesterol ephezulu ngokuphelele. Okokuqala, odokotela batusa ukuthi bacabangele kabusha indlela yabo yokuphila futhi banake ukondleka. Ukudla kufaka phakathi ukunciphisa ukudla okune-cholesterol eningi.
Kubalulekile ukuthi isiguli esinesifo sikashukela singadli ngaphezu kwama-300 mg wotshwala obunjengamafutha ngosuku. Kunokudla okwandisa i-LDL, kepha kukhona ukudla okudla amazinga aphansi:
- Isitshalo seqanda, isipinashi, i-broccoli, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, i-beet kanye ne-zucchini.
- Imikhiqizo yeNut isiza ukwehlisa i-LDL. Banamavithamini amaningi athinta isimo sentliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
- I-Salmon, i-salmon, i-trout kanye nezinye izinhlanzi zifaka isandla ekuqothulweni kwamathafa e-atherosclerotic. Adliwa ngendlela ebilisiwe, ebhakwe noma enosawoti.
- Izithelo - ukwatapheya, ama-currant, ihalananda. Abanesifo sikashukela bayelulekwa ukuba bakhethe izinhlobo ezingatheleleki.
- Uju lwezemvelo
- Ukudla kwasolwandle.
- Itiye eliluhlaza.
- Ushokoledi omnyama.
Ezemidlalo zisiza ukususa i-cholesterol. Ukusebenza kahle komzimba kususa ama-lipid ngokweqile angena emzimbeni ngokudla. Lapho ama-lipoprotein amabi engahlali emzimbeni isikhathi eside, awanaso isikhathi sokunamathela odongeni lomkhumbi. Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi abantu abagijima njalo mancane amathuba okuba bakhe ama-atherosclerotic plaque, banoshukela wegazi ojwayelekile. Ukuzivocavoca kuyasiza ikakhulukazi ezigulini esezikhulile, ngoba ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50, amazinga e-LDL akhuphuka cishe kuyo yonke, ehambisana nendlela yokuphila.
Kunconywa ukuthi uyeke ukubhema - into ejwayelekile kakhulu eyenza impilo ibe nzima. Ogwayi bazithinta kabi zonke izitho, ngaphandle kokukhetha, bandisa ubungozi be-atherosclerosis yemithambo yegazi. Kuyadingeka ukukhawula ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yotshwala ku-50 g weziphuzo ezinamandla kanye no-200 ml we-alcohol ephansi yotshwala (ubhiya, i-ale).
Ukuphuza ama-juices asanda kufakwa kuyindlela enhle yokwelapha nokuvimbela i-hypercholesterolemia. Kufanele siphuze ujusi we-izaqathe, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, ama-apula, amabhungane, ukhukhamba, iklabishi namawolintshi.
Ochwepheshe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko bazokhuluma nge-cholesterol.
