I-cholesterol yinto esetshenziswayo yezinto eziphilayo yemvelo ye-lipid, evame ukutholakala emzimbeni womuntu. I-cholesterol iyadingeka ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kohlelo lwe-metabolic futhi inomphumela omuhle ezinqubweni ze-metabolic. Lo muthi uhlanganiswa ngokweqile ngama-hepatocytes akhe - amaseli wesibindi, futhi ungangeniswa ngokudla. Kunombono wokuthi i-cholesterol inethonya elibi kuphela empilweni yabantu, okuyiphutha. I-cholesterol iyisisekelo cishe sawo wonke amaseli womzimba womuntu. Ama-membrane we-Cytological aqukethe izingqimba ezintathu, esinye sazo singamaprotheni, kanti amanye amabili yi-phospholipid.
Ngosizo lwe-cholesterol, ama-hormone e-steroid ahlanganiswa, kanye ne-vithamini D3, edlala indima ebalulekile ekufakweni kwe-calcium. Yile nto ekhuthaza ukuthuthwa kwezinto ze-lipotropic, njengamavithamini ancibilikiswa ngamafutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokweqiniso, i-cholesterol nayo ingaba nemiphumela emibi, eyaziwa cishe yiwo wonke umuntu - ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis, ngenxa yokufakwa kwamaphidonga ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi yesistimu yokujikeleza, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamatshe e-cholesterol uma ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi ye-bile kuphazamiseka.
Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngendima ye-cholesterol ekwakhiweni kwe-serotonin, into ebizwa ngenye indlela ngokuthi yi "hormone yenjabulo." Ngokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwayo, ukudangala okukhulu kungakhula, ngakho-ke awudingi ukuzama ukuqeda i-cholesterol ngokuphelele.
Into yokuqala, i-cholesterol, yaqanjwa ngo-1769, lapho ososayensi beyishiya ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sama-gallstones. "I-Chole" - ngesiLatini kusho i-bile, ne "sterol" - enesakhiwo esiqinile.
Kamuva, ngenxa yocwaningo lwesimanjemanje, kwafakazelwa ukuthi le nto ihlelwe njengento etholakala kuma-alcohols, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuguqula igama libe yi-cholesterol.
I-cholesterol yikhompiyutha engasebenzisi manzi ngokusekelwe ku-cyclopentane perhydrophenan Brotherse.
Indima ye-cholesterol yokudlala iqhaza ekubambeni iqhaza kuzo zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic, ezithi:
- i-cholesterol iyisendlalelo ekuhlelweni kwezinye izakhiwo ze-steroid, njengama-bile acid, ama-membranes weseli, ama-hormone e-steroid;
- yisici esikhulu sengozi yezilonda zemithambo ye-atherosulinotic;
- ingxenye yamatshe ayinyongo onesifo se-gallstone;
- ubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwevithamini D3;
- ubamba iqhaza ekuphathweni kwemvume yeseli;
- inamandla okuvikela amaseli abomvu egazi emiphumeleni yezinhlungu ze-hemolytic.
Kucaca ukuthi ngaphandle kwe-cholesterol, umzimba womuntu ngeke ukwazi ukusebenza ngendlela ejwayelekile, kepha noma ngabe izinga lezinto ezivumelekile selidluliwe, kunengozi yokuthola izifo eziningi.
Ukuze ulondoloze impilo enhle, amazinga we-cholesterol alinganiselayo kufanele alawulwe.
Ukwehla kwayo kuzoba nomthelela ekwephuleni ukusebenza kwesakhiwo, kanti ukweqisa kuholela ekuqhekekeni kombhede wemithambo.
Isakhiwo se-cholesterol ingahluka. Futhi ngokuya ngalokhu, kuthola izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-cholesterol emzimbeni yilezi:
- Inani le-cholesterol;
- I-cholesterol ekwakhekeni kwama-lipoprotein aphansi kakhulu.
- Njengengxenye yamazinga aphansi we-lipoprotein.
- Njengengxenye yokuqina kwe-lipoproteins ephakathi.
- Njengengxenye yamazinga aphezulu we-lipoprotein.
Ukubaluleka kwalawa nalawa mafomu emiphumeleni yawo esimweni samafutha ku-plasma yegazi. Ukwehla kwabantu bokuqina kwe-lipoprotein, kulapho befaka khona isandla ekusindisweni kwamafutha odongeni lwe-vascular, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwe-atherosclerosis. Isici esiyisisekelo se-lipoprotein ephezulu yokuxineka ukugcina izakhiwo ze-lipid zimisiwe, futhi umsebenzi wazo obalulekile ukuthutha ama-lipids kusuka kwesinye isakhi seseli kuya kwesinye. Umphumela onjalo emzimbeni usiza ekutholeni ibhalansi elintekenteke, kwephula lapho kuguqulwa khona izinguquko ze-pathological.
Abantu abaningi bayakhohlwa ukuthi bona uqobo bathinta i-cholesterol yegazi. Isibonelo, ukudla ukudla okunamafutha kuthinta ngqo i-cholesterol.
Indima ye-biological yalo mkhiqizo kuleli cala ukuthi ama-bile acwecwe aqhamuke kuwo, esiza amafutha ukuthi amunce. Lapho kudliwa ukudla okunamafutha, i-cholesterol iyadingeka ngokwengeziwe, ngenxa yalokho, kufakwa amafutha amaningi, futhi i-cholesterol eyengeziwe ihlanganiswe esibindini.
I-biology yokwanda kwe-cholesterol ilula, futhi ihlala ihlotshaniswa kakhulu:
- ukudla okugcwele amafutha, ikakhulukazi imvelaphi yezilwane;
- ukuntuleka kwefayibha ekudleni;
- ukubhema
- isifo sikashukela, ngoba kunenkinga yemetabolic ephelele;
- ngekusasa eliyindlalifa;
- ukuba khona kokukhuluphala;
- izingcindezi eziningi;
- ukwephulwa kwesibindi - ukuqina kwe-bile, ukwehluleka kwesibindi;
- indlela yokuphila engasebenzi.
Zonke lezi zinto ziholela ekuphazanyisweni okukhulu kakhulu, njenge-myocardial infarction, stroke ngenxa ye-atherosclerosis, ukubola kwesifo sikashukela ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-microangiopathies encane, noma isimo esibucayi kakhulu - uketoacidotic coma.
Ukuphakamisa inani le-cholesterol ephelele ngaphezulu kwamanani ajwayelekile ezigulini ezisengozini, labo asebenezinhlekelele zenhliziyo noma abanesifo sikashukela, kuyinkinga.
Le nkomba kubo akufanele idlule i-4,5, nakubantu abanempilo i-5-6 mmol ilitha ngalinye.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi asikho isidingo sokugcina i-cholesterol ngamanani zero. Kodwa lapho izinga elivumelekile lidlulwa, ubungozi bokuqalwa kwe-atherosclerosis banda kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ukwehlisa ngempumelelo i-cholesterol, udinga ukuqondiswa yimithetho elula:
- Hlela indlela yokuphila esebenzayo - lapho-ke i-cholesterol izosetshenziselwa izinqubo ze-metabolic, ezifana, ngokwesibonelo, umsoco womzimba.
- Namathela ekudleni okuphansi emafutheni ezilwane. Ngenye indlela, faka ingulube enamafutha ngenkomo, noma inkukhu. Kufanele ucebise ukudla kwakho ngokudla okuphezulu okune-fiber, njengemifino nezithelo, okuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuhamba kwamathumbu futhi kunciphise ukumuncwa kwamafutha.
- Yenqaba imikhuba emibi, okuthi, ngaphandle kokuphula i-hemodynamics embhedeni we-vascular, nayo inomthelela ekusebenzeni kabi kwe-gallbladder, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-cholelithiasis.
- Ngezikhathi ezithile hlola ukusebenza kwesibindi kanye nesinye. Kanye ngonyaka, ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound okuhleliwe kuyindlela ekahle kulesi simo.
- Gada iphrofayili ye-lipid yegazi njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
- Iziguli esezivele zinezinkinga ngenxa yokuqalwa kwesifo sikashukela isifo sikashukela zinqunyelwe ukulungiswa kwezidakamizwa kwe-cholesterol.
Uma ukuqaliswa kwazo zonke lezi zincomo kunganikeli umphumela ofiselekayo, lokhu kuyimbangela yokukhathazeka, ngoba i-atherosulinosis ingahlala isymptomatic isikhathi eside kakhulu kuze kufike usuku oluthile iziveze njengokunganeleki kwemithambo: i-acute - ngendlela yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi, nesingamahlalakhona - ngesimo sokulimala kwe-ischemic emilenzeni.
I-cholesterol yinto edingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimba womuntu.
Emhlabeni wanamuhla, lapho indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi kanye nokwephulwa kokudla kuhambisana cishe nawo wonke umuntu, udinga ukukhumbula ngokulawula inkomba ye-cholesterol.
Uma inyuka ngaphezu kokujwayelekile, kuyadingeka ukuthi ishintshe indlela yokuphila, futhi uma lokhu kungenamphumela, thintana nodokotela ukuze ukhethe izidakamizwa ezizokwehlisa i-cholesterol ephumelelayo.
Amaqembu alandelayo adluliselwa ezidakamizweni ukwehlisa i-cholesterol:
- dericatives ye-nicotinic acid;
- imicu;
- ama-statin
- izidakamizwa i-bile bile acid.
Yonke le mishanguzo, noma ingabonakala ingenangozi kangakanani, inezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokuphikisana kanye nemiphumela emibi. Kulokhu, ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa, kufanele uthinte uchwepheshe. Phakathi kwazo, izidakamizwa ezinamandla kakhulu nezanamuhla ama-statins, asiza ngempumelelo i-cholesterol, futhi futhi anciphise ukuvuvukala kuma-atherossteotic plaques. Le mishanguzo ihlala ichazwa ekwelashweni okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuqina komfutho wegazi, isifo senhliziyo, futhi futhi uma isiguli sesivele sinenkinga enkulu yokuqina kokuqina kwezinzwa.
Indima ye-cholesterol emzimbeni ichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
